your word is truth The Bible in Ten Christian Traditions Edited by J. Michael West and Gunnar Mägi

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1 your word is truth

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3 your word is truth The Bible in Ten Christian Traditions Edited by J. Michael West and Gunnar Mägi

4 YOUR WORD IS TRUTH The Bible in Ten Christian Traditions A copublication of United Bible Societies and WCC Publications. Copyright 2018 WCC Publications and United Bible Societies. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in notices or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: publications@wcc-coe.org. WCC Publications is the book publishing programme of the World Council of Churches. Founded in 1948, the WCC promotes Christian unity in faith, witness and service for a just and peaceful world. A global fellowship, the WCC brings together more than 349 Protestant, Orthodox, Anglican and other churches representing more than 560 million Christians in 110 countries and works cooperatively with the Roman Catholic Church. Opinions expressed in WCC Publications are those of the authors. United Bible Societies (UBS) is a global network of 148 Bible Societies serving 244 countries and territories across the world. Their vision is that everyone can access the Bible in the language and medium of their choice. By their mission to translate and make accessible the biblical text and to help people to engage with it, Bible Societies equip churches worldwide and of all Christian confessions to share God s Word. Unless otherwise noted, scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. Cover design: Gunnar Mägi Cover image: 1 Cor. 10:17, illustration by Swiss artist and storyteller Annie Vallotton, as taken from the Good News Translation 1976, 1992 American Bible Society. Used by Permission. Book design and typesetting: Michelle Cook / 4 Seasons Book Design Print ISBN: Ebook ISBN: World Council of Churches 150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box Geneva 2, Switzerland United Bible Societies Stonehill Green Westlea, Swindon SN5 7PJ, England

5 Contents Foreword Michael Perreau Contributors vii ix 1. The Bible in the Catholic Tradition 1 Alexander M. Schweitzer 2. The Bible in the Orthodox Church and Theology 13 Eleni Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi 3. The Bible in the Lutheran Tradition: A Palestinian Perspective 25 Munib Younan 4. Role of the Bible in Reformed Traditions 33 Ottó Pecsuk 5. Anabaptists and the Bible 47 Stuart Murray 6. The Bible in Anglican Traditions 65 Clare Amos 7. Baptist Identity and Hermeneutics: A Historical Perspective 83 Mikeal C. Parsons v

6 vi Contents 8. The Bible in Wesleyan / Methodist Traditions 107 David F. Watson 9. The Bible in Evangelical Traditions 125 C. Rosalee Velloso Ewell 10. The Bible in Pentecostal Traditions 139 Kenneth J. Archer and Aaron Gabriel Ross Afterword 159 Olav Fykse Tveit Notes 163

7 Foreword Michael Perreau Director General, United Bible Societies Inter-confessional collaboration is of utmost importance to the global Church today. In the last 70 years, Bible Societies have witnessed and welcomed trends toward collaboration and consultation among diverse Christian faith communities. Theological dialogue has taken place between almost all major church traditions, and worldwide Christian bodies have become forums of reciprocal learning and respect. Such environments of empathetic theological understanding have prepared fertile soil for countless ecumenical scripture translation projects and distribution initiatives. All of us, as faithful Christians, find ourselves rooted in and shaped by certain church traditions. This book recognizes the profound reality that across these traditions, the Bible unites us all. Within its pages, you will be blessed by the reflections of respected scholars from a variety of church traditions. Through these valuable offerings, we can all gain a greater understanding not just of our differences, but of our rich shared inheritance. vii

8 viii Foreword As I write these lines, I have three hopes for this book. First, I hope it will serve as a primer for all those who engage in the work of building relationships, understanding and collaboration between church traditions and bodies. Theological understanding, and an appreciation of the richness of diverse languages and liturgies, is a valuable investment in walking the journey of institutional cooperation. When Paul arrived in Athens, he took the time to learn about the perspectives of those around him. He approached the people of that city by sharing common understanding with them, and demonstrating, as he did so, that he cared for them and spoke their language (Acts 18:16-26). Second, I hope that this volume will develop in us a fresh hunger for the original book that is being discussed within its pages. A respected Bible Society leader, Eric M. North, wrote around a century ago, The greatest barrier to the world-wide distribution of Scriptures is the inadequate use that vast of numbers of Christians make of them. That barrier remains to this day. In fact, reading the Bible alone and together is a powerful step toward the fulfillment of the prayer of Jesus - May they be one. May the centrality of scriptures be not only in our theology but also within our daily practical lives. Finally, I hope this book will contribute to the understanding of the invisible Church which is united across ecclesiastical boundaries and across time and space. This body is universal, and is based on the teachings of Christ and of the apostles. This Christian church has an unapologetic focus on the other, on the neighbour, and on the fellow believer, as an expression of one s own faith. Christian faith in the New Testament is never an individualistic journey. The pages of this book are an incredible testimony to how much our traditions share in common, and each chapter continues to awaken the reader to that marvel. May this rich and valuable work bless you, and bless us all as the global body of Christ.

9 Contributors Clare Amos is a director and trustee for the Jerusalem and the Middle East Church Association. In early 2018 she retired from her role as programme executive for Interreligious Dialogue and Cooperation with the World Council of Churches. She is also a former coordinator of the Network for Inter Faith Concerns in the Anglican Communion (NIFCON) and has worked for the Middle East Council of Churches and the Near East School of Theology. In 2012, then-archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams awarded her a Lambeth Doctorate in Divinity. She is author of Peace-ing Together Jerusalem (WCC Publications). Kenneth J. Archer (PhD, University of St Andrews, Scotland) is Professor of Theology and Pentecostal Studies in the School of Divinity at Southeastern University, Lakeland, Florida, and a Recognised Supervisor for Ph.D. researchers at the University of Birmingham, UK. Among his many publications is A Pentecostal Hermeneutic: Spirit, Scripture and Community, and he is co-editor of the forthcoming North American Pentecostalism in Brill s Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies. He is a past President of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, along with his wife has pastored three churches, and is an ordained minister with the Church of God, Cleveland, Tennessee. ix

10 x Contributors Eleni Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi serves as a research and studies officer for the Greek National Center for Public Administration and Local Government and as a lecturer on the faculty of Hellenic Open University. Her research and publications centre on New Testament, feminist theology, and ecumenical theology. She edited, among other publications, with Fulata Mbano Moyo and Katerina Pekridou, Many Women Were Also There: The Participation of Orthodox Women in the Ecumenical Movement (WCC, 2011). Stuart Murray works as a freelance trainer/consultant with the Anabaptist Network and is the director of the Centre for Anabaptist Studies in Bristol. Among his many books are Biblical Interpretation in the Anabaptist Tradition (Pandora Press, 2000) and Post-Christendom (2d ed., 2017). He lives in Canterbury, England. Mikeal C. Parsons (Ph.D., Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is the Kidd L. and Buna Hitchcock Macon Chair in Religion at Baylor University and author of several books, including Acts in Paideia: Commentaries on the New Testament and The Departure of Jesus in Luke and Acts. He is the coauthor of Luke: A Handbook on the Greek Text and Illuminating Luke (three volumes). Parsons also serves as editor of Perspectives in Religious Studies. Ottó Pecsuk is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biblical Theology and Religious History, specializing in New Testament studies, at Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary. He is General Secretary of the Hungarian Bible Society. Aaron Gabriel Ross is Assistant Professor of Theology in the School of Bible and Theology at Southeastern University, Lakeland, Florida. He is currently working on his Ph.D. through the Centre for Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies at the University of Birmingham in England under Drs. Andrew Davies and Wolfgang Vondey. His research is primarily concerned with defining faith within a pneumatological paradigm to extrapolate how soteriological categories, such as justification, are informed by this reorientation of faith. Aaron is also the creator and managing editor of the Barnett College of Ministry and Theology s blog on ministry, culture, and theology, ECCLESIAM (

11 Contributors xi Alexander M. Schweitzer is a German-born theologian and musician. He serves as Executive Director of Global Bible Ministry and Head of Global Bible Translation for the United Bible Societies. From 2001 to 2011, he was general secretary of the Catholic Biblical Federation; in 2008 he served as expert during the Bishops Synod on The Word of God in the Life and the Mission of the Church. Among his biblical-theological publications are Reading the Bible as the Word of God, in Biblical Reflections, UBS 2016; Die Kraft des Wortes. Bedeutung der Reformation für Sprachen und Gesellschaften, in EKD Themenmagazin, 2016; The Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum: History and Relevancy for Today, in BICAM Publications, Accra, C. Rosalee Velloso Ewell is a Brazilian theologian from São Paulo. She is the principal of Redcliffe College, UK, and the executive director of the Theological Commission for the World Evangelical Alliance. She holds a doctorate in theological ethics from Drew University, and she is New Testament editor for the forthcoming Latin American Bible Commentary. She also serves on the United Bible Societies General Council. David F. Watson is Academic Dean and Professor of New Testament at United Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, and an Elder in the United Methodist Church. With Joel B. Green, he is co-editor of Wesley, Wesleyans, and Reading Bible as Scripture (Baylor, 2012). And he is author, most recently, of Scripture and the Life of God: Why the Bible Matters Today More than Ever (Seedbed, 2017). Munib Younan is former Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land ( ) and former President of the Lutheran World Federation ( ). In 2016 he received the Niwano Peace Prize for his work on interreligious dialogue among Jews, Christians and Muslims, especially in Jerusalem. He is author of Witnessing for Peace: In Jerusalem and the World (Fortress Press, 2003).

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