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2 REVIEW ARTICLE Scientific Journal Impact Factor (2015) by InnoSpace Sci. Res., Morocco REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF DHATU SARATA IN ROGI PARIKSHA Suchismita Satapathy 1*, Hemangini Waghulde 2, Sarita Ohol 3 1. PG scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, D.Y.Patil University, School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai , Contact No , - suchismitamohapatra2007@gmail.com 2. Prof. & HOD, P.G. Department of Kriya Sharir, D.Y. Patil University School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai , Contact No , - waghuladehema@gmail.com 3. Associate professor, Department of Kriya Sharir D.Y. Patil University School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai , Contact No , - dr.saritav@gmail.com Article Received on - 23 rd Sept 2016 Article Revised on - 30 th Sept 2016 Article Accepted on - 12 th Oct 2016 All articles published in IJAAM are peer-reviewed and can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for non commercial purpose (see copyright notice below). (Full Text Page IJAAM This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

3 REVIEW ARTICLE REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF DHATU SARATA IN ROGI PARIKSHA *Corresponding Author Suchismita Satapathy PG scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, D.Y.Patil University, School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai , Contact No , QR Code IJAAM ABSTRACT: In 21 st century physicians prefer modern parameters to evaluate the cause of disease and recommend treatment without knowing strength of that patient. Hence occurrence of iatrogenic disease rate is increased now a day. Dashavidha atur pariksha was explained by Acharya Charaka to examine a patient in respect of prakruti, vikriti,, samhanana, pramana, satmya, sattva, aharasakti, vyayamasakti and vaya to determine his strength and the intensity of the disease before giving any treatment. Examination of dhatu is one of them. The study was done to summarize importance of examination in rogi pariksha. Sara is mentioned for the assessment of bala and ayu. It was observed that Sara has been classified into categories depending upon the predominance of a particular dhatu in the body. Charaka and Vagbhatta have categorized the individuals in following three groups, sarva-, madhyam- and asar. Sarva- person is having optimum level of all the dhatus and asar person shows low level of all the dhatus so asar person should be treated to increase the respective dhatu by giving dhatu vardhaka aahar to bring back optimal level in all dhatus. Evaluation of bala of patient is very important for the determination of prognosis of the disease and for the determination of the dose of the drugs. It is concluded that physician should give equal importance to while examining a patient before giving any therapy. Key Words: Asar, Bala, Dashavidha Atur Pariksha, Sarva-Sara, Strength, Tissue Excellence INTRODUCTION It is based on the belief that health and wellness depends on a delicate balance among the mind, body, and spirit. A person is called as healthy when dosha (bio-energies), dhatu (body tissue), mala (waste products) & agni (digestive fire) are in equilibrium condition. When the dhatus get imbalanced, the body gets subjected to disease. Getting imbalanced means increase or decrease of dhatus. [1] In 21 st century physicians prefer modern parameters to evaluate the cause of disease and recommend treatment without knowing strength of that patient. Hence occurrence of iatrogenic disease rate was increased now days. Dashavidha Atur Pariksha (tenfold examination) was explained by Acharya Charaka to examine a patient in respect of prakruti (constitution), Vikriti (morbidity), ( Tissue excellence), samhanana (compactness of organs), pramana (measurements of organ of the body), satmya (suitability), sattva (Psychic conditions), aharasakti (power of intake and digestion of food), vyayamasakti (Power of performing exercise) and vaya (age) to determine strength. [2] Out of ten factors, nine factors deals mainly with health profile of the individual and the tenth factor vikriti pariksha helps to analyze the status of the disease. The term has been described to denote the essence of dhatu with an excellent quality [3]. Dhatu present in the body of an individual will be directly proportional to the power of resistance of the individual. Individual having weak quality dhatu (tissues) can be treated with proper diet to increase strength of that dhatu. So it is important to examine before giving any treatment, but is overlooked and understudied aspect in clinical practice. In this article an attempt was made to know about dhatu and its importance in clinical practice. Aim &Objective To study importance of examination of Sara in Rogi pariksha LITERARY STUDY The science of Ayurveda believes in a thorough examination to find out the root cause of the ailment in the patient s body. Charaka in Vimāna Sthāna notifies, the physician who examines the Dashavidha pareekshya bhavas (ten factors to be examined in a disease) i.e. kaarana (cause of action), karana (instrument), karyayoni (original source of action), karya (action), karyaphala Page171

4 (result of action), anubandha (after effect), desha (place of action), kala (time), pravrutti (initiation of action), upaya (plan of treatment) and proceeds for treatment, obtains the desired fruit. [4] Here desha is of 2 types- bhumidesha (place) aaturadesha (patient). In classics, dvi-vidha (twofold examination), trividha (threefold examination), pancha-vidha (fivefold examination), shad-vidha (six-fold examination), ashta-vidha (eightfold examination) are described to examine Rogi (patient) and Roga (disease). The term has been described to denote the essence of dhatu with an excellent quality. In Ayurveda classics seven types of dhatu (Rasa,, Mamsa,,,, and ) are described. All the dhatus are formed and nourished after proper metabolic process of Ahara rasa with the help of Jatharagni (digestive fire) and respective dhatwagni (tissue fire). According to Chakrapani Sara is the purest form of Dhatu. Sara is mentioned for the assessment of bala (strength) and ayu (life span). [5] Sara has been classified into categories depending upon the predominance and quality of a particular dhatu in the body. Table 1: Description of Sarata in different Samhita Sl. No. Charaka Samhita Sushruta Samhita Astanga Sangraha Astanga Hridaya Kashyap Samhita Mansa Mamsa Mamsa Mamsa Mamsa 7 8 Oja Characteristics of different Sara Sara Purusha persons can be defined as Individuals having presence of a good quality and quantity of rasa dhatu, characterized with a healthy and good looking skin. Individuals having excellence of twak has snigdha (unctuous), shlakshna (smooth), mridu (soft), prasanna (pleasant), alpa (sparse), gambhira (deep-rooted), Sukshma (minute), sukumara (delicate), loma and prabha (lustrous) in twak. persons will be endowed with sukha (happiness), soubhagya (good fortune), aishwarya (sovereignty), upabhoga (enjoyment), buddhi (intellect), vidya (knowledge), arogya (health) and ayushya (longevity of life). [6] Roma (hair on skin) and Twacha (skin) of the person having twak will be prasanna (pleasant) and mridu (soft). [7] Sara Purusha Persons having excellence of Dhatu are called as rakta purusha. persons will have snigdhata (unctuous) and rakta varnata (red colour) of karna (ear), akshi (eyes), mukha (face), jihwa (tongue), nasa (nose), oshta (lips), pani (palms), padatala (soles), nakha (nails), lalata (fore head), mehana (genitals) and these structures will be beautiful with luster (Shrimad Brajishnu). These persons will be endowed with sukha (happiness), medha (high grasping power), manasvi (determined), they are sukumara and antibala (less strength). They have klesha asahishnuta (inability to face difficulties) and ushna asahishnuta (intolerance to heat). [8] persons will have snigdhata and tamra varnata (copper colour) of nakha (nails), nayan (eyes), talu (palate), jihwa (tongue), oshta, Pani Padatala. [9] Mamsa Purusha Individuals having the essence mamas dhatu in predominance are called as mamsa purusha. Mamsa persons will have shanka (temples), lalata, krukatika (atlanto-occipital joint), akshi, ganda (zygomatic bone region), hanu (jaw), greeva (neck), skandha (shoulder), udara (abdomen), kaksha (axilla), vaksha (chest), pani, pada and their sandhi will be guru (heavy), shubha (good looking), sthira (stable) and mamsopachita (Well covered with muscles). They will be endowed with kshama (forgiveness), dhruthi (patience), aloulyata (non greediness), vitta (wealth), vidhya (knowledge), sukha (happiness), aarjava bala (kindness), arogya Page172

5 (health), bala (strength) and ayushya (longevity of life) [10]. Mamsa persons will have mamsopachita (wellcovered), goodhasthi sandhi and they have achidragata sharira [11] Purusha The persons having the essence meda dhatu in predominance are called as meda purusha. persons will have vishesha snehata (excessively unctuous) of varnna (complexion), swara (voice), netra (eyes), kesha (hairs), loma (small hairs), nakha (nails), danta (teeth), oshta (lips), mootra (urine), purisha (faces). They will be endowed with vitta (wealth), aishwarya (sovereignty), sukha (happiness), upabhoga (enjoyment), pradana (charity) and aarjava (kindness). They are sukumara and have urge to serve the people [12]. persons have bruhat shareera (bulky body) and snigdhata in mootra (urine), sweda (sweat) and swara (voice). They cannot withstand physical strain (aayasa asahishnuta) [13] Purusha The persons having the essence asthi dhatu in predominance are called as asthi purusha. persons will have sthoolata (robust) of parshni (heels), gulpha (ankles), janu (knees), aratni (forearm), jatru (collarbones), chibuka (chin), shira (head), parva (digits), asthi (bones), nakha (nails) and danta (teeth). They will be endowed with utsaha (enthusiasm), (well built body), sthira (stable) shareer. They are kleshasaha (endurance), kriyavanta (activeness) and ayushmanta (long life) [14] persons will have mahashira (big head), mahaskanda (big shoulder) and danta (teeth), hanwasthi (jaws), nakha (nails) are prominent [15] Purusha The persons having the essence of shukra dhatu in predominance are called as shukra purusha. persons will be looking soumya (gentleness), soumya prekshina (gentle look), kshirapoorana lochana (milky white sclera), and praharsha bahula (good sexual capacity). The teeth will be snigdha (unctuous), vritta (round), (firm), sama (even), samhata (compact), swara and varna of the person will be snigdha and prasanna, body will be having brajishnuta (lustrous), mahanitamba (broad pelvis) and they are streepriya (liking by women), upabhogi (enjoy intercourse) and have uttama bala (strong). They are endowed with sukha (happiness), aishwarya (sovereignty), arogya (good health), vitta (wealth), sammana (respect), and apatya [18] persons have snigdha, samhata, shareera and shwetata of asthi, dantha and nakha. He will be having excessive desire for coitus and have more offspring [19] Sara Purusha The person having essence of in predominance is called to be Sara. persons will be having smruti (good memory), bhakthi (devotee), krutaghnata (grateful), pradhnya (wise), shuchitwa (pure), utsaha (excessive enthusiastic), dakshata (alert), dheerata (courageous), samaravikrantayodhina (are good in shastra yuddha, vag yuddha, vyavahara yuddha), they are devoid of vishada guna, they are well arranged with gati (gate), gambeerya buddhi (deep intellect), gambeerya cheshta (graceful movements) and engaged in virtuous acts (kalyanabhiniveshina). person have smruti (good memory), bhakthi (devotee), pragna, shourya, shuchitwa and always engaged in shubha karya [20] Purusha The persons having the essence dhatu in predominance are called as majja purusha. persons will be having mridu anga (soft body), balawanta (strong), snigdha swara (melodious voice), snigdha varna (unctuous complexion) and their sandhi (joints) will be sthoola (prominent), deergha (long), vritta (rounded). persons will be endowed with deerghayu (long life), balawanta (strong), shrutabhaja (well learned), vittabhaja (richness), vignana, apatya (good progeny) and sammana (respect) [16] persons are akrush. They have uttama bala, snigdha-gambhira swara (melodious voice), and mahanetra (big eyes). They will be endowed with soubhagya (good fortune) [17] It is to be noted that persons designated to particular contain not only the essence of that dhatu, but possess the essence of other dhatu in some lesser quantity. On the basis of this verdict Charaka and Vagbhatta has categorizes the individuals in following three groups. I. Sarva-Sara: containing the essence of all the dhatu II. Maddhayam-Sara: contains the essence of all the dhatu in moderate quantity. III. A: contains the essence all the dhatu at the minimal level. Evaluation of Bala of patient is very important for the determination of prognosis of the disease and for the determination of the dose of the drugs. A physician may be biased to conclude a man either strong or weak by his appearance of the body. Page173

6 Some people having a small sized body are seen to be strong. They are like an ant that has a small body but can carry a heavy load. So it is important to examine the individual with reference to the excellence of his dhatu [20] Acharya Sushruta opines that physician can achieve success in treatment when he is properly known about Praman of Anga-Pratyanga & Sara of Dhatu [21] DISCUSSION While reviewing the literature it is observed that examination of dhatu is important in both preventive and curative aspect. As we know a Sarva-Sara person is having optimum level of all the dhatus and asar person shows low level, so asar person should be treated to increase the respective dhatu by giving dhatu vardhaka aahar to bring back optimal level in all dhatus. While examining, if a person scores minimum in a particular dhatu then he may be prone to a disease related to that dhatu, and care should be taken to prevent this. Example- if one person scores less in rasa, then he may be prone to disease like dehydration and skin disease. Examination of dhatu ta in individual dhatu is necessary to get a desired dhatu in finest form. Example- if an athlete desire to enhance mansa and asthi in optimal level, then he may be advised mansa and asthi dhatu vardhaka drug and food. It is important to evaluate dhatu ta in pre conception time because van couple reproduces a van progeny. When pravar Sara person are affected by any disease it is easy to manage but extra care should be taken while giving therapy to madhyam and avara Sara persons. CONCLUSION In modern era concept of our ancient science proves its effectiveness. Dashavidha atur pariksha is mentioned by our classics to examine patient. Examination of dhatu is one of them to assesses strength of a person. It is equally important as prakruti, vikruti, aharsakti, vaya and etc. so physician should give equal importance while examining a patient before giving any therapy. REFERENCES 1. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka Varanasi Reprinted 2005, p Ibid, p Ibid, p Ibid, p Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 6. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 7. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 8. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 9. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 10. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 11. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 12. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 13. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 14. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 15. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 16. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 17. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 18. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka Page174

7 19. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha 20. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha elaborated by Charaka 21. Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandhasangraha Reprinted 2004, p.152 CITE THIS ARTICLE AS Source of Support Nil Conflict of Interest None Declared Page175

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