CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Syllabus Part A Chikitsa Sthana - 60 marks SECTION-A 60 Marks

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1 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Syllabus Part A Chikitsa Sthana - 60 marks SECTION-A 60 Marks 1. One compulsory questions (from Chikitsa Sthana) 10 marks 2. Two questions out of three questions of 10 marks each. (from Chikitsa Sthana) 20 marks 3. Four questions out of five questions of 05 marks each (from Chikitsa Sthana) 20 marks 4. Five questions out of six questions, 02 marks each. (from Chikitsa Sthana) 10 marks (One question in Q-3 should include Sutra with its meaning) Part B Kalpa Sthana - 15 marks Siddhi Sthana - 25 marks SECTION-B 40 Marks marks (1) one question of 05 marks each (from kalpa sthana) (2) one question of 05 marks each (from Siddhi sthana) 6. Four questions out of five questions of 05 marks each. (from Siddhi sthana) 20 marks 7. Five questions out of six questions, 02 marks each. (from kalpa sthana) 10 marks (One question in Q-6 should include Sutra with its meaning)

2 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part A- Chikitsasthana 10 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write the types, causative factor and treatment of Jwara. 2. Describe the types of Jwara. 3. Describe types, symptoms and treatment of Vishama Jwara. 4. Describe Ama, Pachyamana, Nirama, Lakshana of Jwara and write treatment of Jwara. 5. Describe Nidana, Samprapti nd treatment of Raktapitta. 6. Describe Nirukti, Lakshana, Sadhyasadhyata and treatment of Raktapitta. 7. Describe Nidana, Samprapti, and treatment of Gulma. 8. Describe Nidana, Lakshana and treatment of Raktagulma. 9. Describe Nidana, Purvarupa, type and Sammprapti of Prameha. 10. Describe symptoms according to types of Prameha and give Pathyapathya Aahar ans Vihara of Prameha. 11. Describe Nidana, treatment and Sadhyasadhyata of Prameha. 12. Write Nidana, Purvarupa, Samprapti and treatment of Kustha. 13. Write Nidana, types with Lakshanas and treatment of Kustha. 14. Write Nidana, Ekadash and Shadvidh Lakshana and treatment of Rajyakshama. 15. Write Nirukti, Nidana, PurvaRupa and Sadhyasadhyata and Pathya of Rajyakshama. 16. Write Nidana, Samprapti and treatment of Unmada. 17. Write Nirukti, types, Lakshana and treatment of Unmada. 18 Write Nirukri, Nidana and Samprapti of Apasmara. 19. Write Samprapti, types, Lakshana and treatment of Apasmara. 20. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Kshata-Kshina. 21. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Kshvayathu. 22. Write Samanya and Vishesha Lakshana of Kshvayathu and give treatment.

3 23. Write Samprapti and treatment of Plihodara. 24. Write Samanya Nidana, Purvarupa, Samprapti and treatment of Udararoga. 25 Write Nidana, Samprapti, and treatment of Jalodara. 26. Write Nidana, Samprapti and treatment of Grahani. 27. Write Importance of Jatharagni and give Nidana, Samprapti of Ajirna. 28. Write Nidana, Lakshana, and PurvaRupa and treatment of Pandu. 29. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Kamala. 30. Write Nirukti of Pandu and Kamala and give Lakshana of Kumbhkamla and write treatment of Kamala and Pandu Write Nidana, PuravRupa and Samprati of Hikka and Swasha and give Sadhyasadhya of them. 22. Write Nidana,Samprapti, Lakshana, and treatment of Tamakswasha. 23. Write types of Swasha give Sadhyashadhyata and treatment of Swasha. 24. Write Nidana, Purvarupa, Samprapti and treatment of Kasa. 25. Write Nirukti, types, and treatment of Kasa and give Pathyapathya of it. 26. Describe types, Samprapti and Lakshanas of Atisara and write treatment of it. 27. Write Nidana, Samprapti and pathyapathya of Atisara and give treatment of it. 28. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Chardi. 29. Write Nidana, Samprapti and type of Visharpa and give Samanya Chikitsa Of Sadhya Visharpa. 30. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Trushana. 31. Write Nirukti and Utpatti of Vish and write types of it. 32. Describe about Garvish. 33. Write Nidana, Lakshanas and treatment of Madatyaya. 34. Write Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and treatment of Udavarta. 35. Write Nidana, Samprapti, PurvaRupa and treatment of Urustambha. 36. Write Samanya Nidana and treatment of Vatavyadhi. 37. Write Nidana, Purvarupa, Types, Lakshana and treatment of Vatarakta. 38. Write types, Lakshana, Pathyapathya and Sadhyasadhya of Vatarakta.

4 39. Write types of Yoni vyapada and treatment of it. 40. Describe about Dasa Aushadh Kala. 41. Describe pranakamiya Rasayanapada. 42. Describe Kutipraveshika Vidhi. 43. Describe KshatKhina Roga. 44. Write about Madanaphala Samgraha and prayoga Vidhi. 45. Write about Chamanaprash and Bruhani Gutika in detail. 46. Describe the importance of Jatharagni and the process of Avasthapaka. 47. Write the Samprapti of Vatarakra, explain how it spread in whole body. 48. Explain the importance of Raktamokshana in Visarpa,describe its Bahya Chikitsa. 49. Mention the benifiits of Rasayana and describe Amlaki Rasayana in Detail. 50. Why Panchakarama is contra-indicated in Urustambha Roga? Prove it logically along with Pathyapathya. 51. Write the types,symptoms of Shwasa and describe treatment of tamaka Shwasa. 52. Write the pathogenesis,types,symptoms and treatment of Apatantraka and Apatanaka. 53. Write the number of Yoni Rogas and describe symptoms and treatment of Vatala Yoni Vyapada. 54. Write the types of Jwara and describe the Vishama Jwara. 55. Write the causative factors, symptoms and treatment of Arsha Roga. 56. Describe the poison known as Jangama and Sthavar and write treatment of poison. 57. Write in detail about Vatashonita Chikitsitam Adhyaya. 58. Write in detail about Charadi ChikitsitamAdhyaya. 59. Write in detail about Urustambha Adhyaya. 60. Write in detail about Atisara Chikitsitama Adhyaya.

5 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part A- Chikitsasthana 5 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write short note on : Medhya Rasayana. 2. Write short note on : Plihodara. 3. Write the Samprapti of Vatarakta. 4. Write the Chiktisa of Vishamajwara. 5. Write the treatment of Unmada. 6. Write the treatment of Gulma. 7. Write the treatment of Raktapitta. 8. Write the treatment of Arsha. 9. Write a short note on : types of Rajayakshama. 10. Write a short note on : Importance of Langhana in Jwara. 11. Write a short note on : Bhallataka Rasayana. 12. Write a short note on : Arsha Chikitsa. 13. Write a short note on : Shakhashrita Kamala. 14. Write a short note on : Madatyaya. 15. Write a short note on : Vardhamana Pippali. 16. Write the Samprapti of vatarakta in detail. 17. Write the treatment of Gulma. 18. Write the treatment of pandu Roga. 19. Write the treatment of Vishama Jwara. 20. Write the treatment of Arshroga. 21. Write about Punaravartaka Jwara. 22. Write about Brhma Rasayana. 23. Write about Plihodara.

6 24. Write the treatment Agantuka Shotha. 25. Explain the important of Takra in Grahani Roga. 26. Write about Atatvabhinivesha. 27. Write the important of Vajikarana. 28. Describe the kutipraveshikavidhi. 29. Write short note on Bhallataka Rasayana. 30. Write short note on : Pleehodara 31. Write short note on : Punaravartaka Jwara. 32. Describe the Samprapti of Mutra Krichachhara and Hrid Roga. 33. How to treat the disease `Rajyakashna`. 34. Write in detail about the type of Kshudra Kustha. 35. Write about Eladi Gutika. 36. Write in detail about Shvasa Chikitsa Siddhanta. 37. Write about Lakshana and Chikitsa of Ardita. 38. Write in detail about Punarnava Mandura. 39. Write in detail about Atatvabhinivesha. 40. Write in detail about type of Sotha. 41. Write about Ama Jwara Lakshanas. 42. Write about Vatarakta Chikitsa. 43. Write about Abhyarishta. 44. Write the importance of Rasayana in present era. 45. Write about Pranakamya Rasayana Pada. 46. Write about Shilajita. 47. Write about Vajikarana. 48. Write about Prakruta Jwara. 49. Write about Antarvega, bahirvega Jwara. 50 Write PurvaRupa of Jwara. 51. Write Santata Jwara. 52. Write about Satataka Jwara.

7 53. Write about Trutiyaka Jwara. 54. Write about Chaturtthaka Jwara. 55.Write about Agantuka Jwara. 56. Write about Symptoms of Ama Jwara. 57. Write necessary and Pramana of Langhana in Jwara. 58. Write about Shadanga Paniya in Jwara. 59. Write about Jirna Jwara. 60. Write benefit of Ghrit and Jirna Jwara. 61. Write Daivavyapashrayi Chikitsa in Jwara. 62. Write treatment of Urdhavga Raktapitta. 63. Write treatment of Adhoga Raktapitta. 64. Write Samprapti of Raktapitta. 65. Explain types of Raktapitta. 66. Explain Pathya Aahar of Raktapitta. 67. Write treatment of Adhog Raktapitta. 68. Write treatment of Urdhvag Raktapitta. 69. Write Sadhyashadhyata of Raktapitta. 70. Write Samprapti of Gulma. 71. Write types of Gulma. 72. Write treatment of Gulma. 73. Write about Raktagulma. 74. Write Nidana of Prameha. 75. Write Dosha-Dushya of Prameha. 76. Write about Vataja Prameha. 77. Write about Pittaja Prameha. 78. Write about Kaphaja Prameha.

8 79. Write about PurvaRupa of Prameha. 80. Write Pathya Aahar of Prameha. 81. Write about Sadhya,Yapya,Asadhya Prameha. 82. Write Nidana of Kustha. 83. Write types of Kustha. 84. Write short note on Sudra Kustha. 85. Write treatment of Kustha. 86. Write short note on Rajyakshama. 87. Write about Sahasa Karamajanya Rajyakshama. 88. Write Vishmasanajanya Rajyakshama. 89. Write Vega Sandharanajanya Rajyakshama. 90. Write shadvidh and trividh Rupa of Rajyakshama. 91. Write Ekadash Rupa of Rajyakshama. 92. Write ten Aushadh Yogas given in Rajyakshama. 93. Write Pathya Aahar in Rajyakshama. 94. Write Pathya Vihar in Rajyakshama. 95. Write Samprapti of Unmada. 96. Write Samanya Lakshana of Unmada. 97. Write about Aagantuk Unmada 98. Write ten Aushadh Yogas given in Unmada. 99. Write about beneficial of Purana and Pra-purana Ghrit in Unmada Write Nidana of Apasmara Write Samprapti of Apasmara Write types of Apasmara Write treatment of Apasmara.

9 104. Write about Atatvabhinivesh Write about Samprapti of Urahakshata Write Sighraha Chikitsa of Urahakshata Write Nidana of Kshavayathu Write Samanya Nidana of Udarroga Write Samprapti of Phihodara Write about Chhidrodara Write treatment of Jalodara Wrrite about Aahar of Udarroga Write Sadhyasadhyata of Arsha Write about Takra prayoga in Arsha Write Pathya Aahar in Arsha Write short note on Grahani Write about Dhatupaka Write about Ajirna Write Nirukti, Karma and place of Grahani Write treatment of Grahani Write Pathyapathya of Grahani Write Nidana and SvaRupa of Pandu Write Samprapti of Pandu Write types of Pandu Write Mrutika Bhakshanajanya Pandu Write Sadhyasadhyata of Pandu Write about Kumbha Kaamla Write treatment of Kaamla.

10 129. Write Aahar given in Kaamla Write ten Aushadh Yogas of Kaamla Write Samprapti of Hikka Write types of Hikka Why Hikka and Kasa are Durjaya? 134. Write Samprapti of Swasha Write treatment of Swasha Write about Santamaka and Pratamaka Swasha Write about Sudra Swasha Write types of Kasa Write Nirukti and Samprapti of Kasa Write Sadhyasadhyata of Kasa Write treatment of Kasa Write Samprapti of Atisara Write Bhayaja and Shokaja Atisara Write about Ama Atisara Write treatment of Atisara Write treatment of Raktatisara Write types of Chardi Write treatment of Chardi Write about Visarpa Write Nidana and Samprapti of Trushna Explain 152. Explain

11 153. Explain 154. Explain 155. Explain 156. Explain...

12 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part A- Chikitsasthana 2 marks Questions 60 Marks Q.1 Write the symptoms of Raktavruttavata. Q.2 Write the Sthana of Vrana. Q.3 Write the type of Madatyaya. Q.4 Write the Lakshanas of Dushivisha. Q.5 Write the types of Trishna. Q.6 Write the Purvarupa of Shwasa. 7. Write the Nirukti of Raktapitta. 8. Enlist the types of Trishana. 9. Enlist the Pittaja Prameha. 10.Write the synonyms of Jwara. 11. Write the synonyms of Krichhasadhya atisara. 12. Write the symptoms of Pundarika kushtha. 13. What is Chaturthaka Jwara? 14.Wtite the Lakshanasa of Kaphaja Pitta? 15. Write the Dushyas of Prameha? 16. Enlist the name of Mahakushtha. 17. Enlist the name of Unmada. 18. In which condition and how Kshara should be used in Kushtha. 19. Write the types of Kushtha. 20. Write the line of treatment of Kshtaja Kasa. 21. Write the name of Vataja Prameha. 22. Wrrite the etymology of Vatarakta.

13 23. Write the synonyms of Bhesaja. 24. Write the importance of Trimarma. 25. Write names of the pittaja Prameha. 26. Write the types of Kustha. 27. What is the meant by Samashana? 28. Write types of Atisara. 29. Write the etymology of Vatarakta. 30. Write the etymology of Visarpa. 31. What is Khalli? 32. Write the signs of Grahani Roga. 33. What is Upadrava? 34. Write the symptoms of Vigata Jwara. 35. Write the druge(ingredients) of Kalaka Churna. 36. Write the signs of Shlipada Roga. 37. Write the symptoms of Amashayagata Vata. 38. Write the causative factors of Rajyakshama. 39. Write the type of Arsha Roga. 40. Write the symptoms of Vishuddha Shukra. 41. Write the symptoms of Garavish. 42. Write the type of Udara Roga. 43. Write names of the Pradhana Marmas. 44. What is meant by Vishamashana. 45. Write the Dosha-Dushya Samgraha of Prameha. 46. Write etymology of Apsamara. 47. Write the line of treatment of Kshataja Kasa. 48. Write the general symptoms of unmade. 49. Write Dhatugat Jvara Chikitsa siddhanta. 50. Write Panduroga Samprapti. 51. Write Samanya Lakshana of Shotha.

14 52. What is Kumbha Kamala? 53. What is Dhwansaka? 54. Write about Aakshepaka. 55.Write about Pinda Tail. 56. Write about the importance of Vajikarana in present era. 58. Write the Nirama Jwara Lakshana. 59. What is `Vikshaya`? 60. Write the type of Trishna. 61. Write Vishuddha Shukra Lakshanas. 62. Write Jangam Visha Lakshanas. 63. What is Upadrava? 64. Write Vigata Unmada Lakshana. 65. Write Udararoga Samprapti. 66. What is Khalli?

15 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part B- Kalpasthana 10 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write the importance of Kalpasthana. 2. Write about Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya. 3. Write in detail about Danti-Dravanti Klpadhyaya. 4. Write about Shyamatrivruttakalpadhyaya. 5. Write in detail about Jimutaka Kalpanadhyaya. 6. Write about Krutvedhanakalpa. 7, Write in detail about Tilvakakalpa. 8. Write in detail about Sudhakalpa. 9. Write in detail about Madanakalpa.

16 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part B- Kalpasthana 5 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Describe any four Yogas of Dhamargav. 2. Write any four Yogas of Madanaphala. 3. Describe the successful preparation `Ikshvaku` and whom they are commended for. 4. write the preparation of `Syama Trivrt`. 5. Write about `Dravantikalp`. 6. Write about Madanaphala Sangraha Vidhi. 7. Write about Dhamargava Kalpa. 8. Write about Jimuta kalpa. 9. Describe sixty formulations on Krtavedhana. 10. In which diseas Suddha should be used explain. 11. Explain the importance of Kalpasthana. 12. Write ten Yogas of Jimutaka.

17 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part B- Kalpasthana 2 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write the synonyms of Aragvadha. 2. Write two Kshirayoga of Dhamargava. 3. Write any of two Toga of Dhanti-Dravanti. 4. Enlist the type of Desha. 5. Write the synonyms of Tilvaka. 6. Write Guna of Saptala. 7. Write the types of Sudha. 8. Write the synonme of Sankhinini. 9. Write the Gunas of Danti and Dravanti. 10. Write the numbers of Yoga which are mentioned in Tilvaka kalpa. 11. Write the synonyms of Jimutaka. 12. Define Kalpasthna. 13. In which disease condition Saptala should be used? 14. Enlist Desha. 15. Write the Prayojya Anga of Dhamaragava? 16. Write the synonyms of Tilvaka? 17. Write the collection method of Nishotha. 18. How many total Yogas mention in Vatsakakalpadhyaya. 19. Write the synonyms of Nishoth. 20. In which disease, application of Ikshavaku is being done? 21. Write the number of Virechna Yogas as mentioned in Kalpasthana. 22. Write the qualities of Krutvedharana. 23. In which diseases, Dhamargava is used?

18 24. Write the number of Avaleha Yoga which are mentioned in Madanaphala Kalpa. 25. Write the guna of Danti and Dravanti 26. Write the synonyms of shankhini. 27. Write the types of Nishotha. 28. Write the four Yogas of Vatsaka. 29. What is Prayojana of Kalpasthana. 30. Write the use of Snuhi. 31. Write the meaning of Kalpasthana. 32. Write the synonyms of Ikshvaku. 33. Write the Prayojya Anga of Madanaphala. 34. Write the number of Kashya Yoga of Kritavedhana. 35, Write the method of collection of Chaturangula. 36. Write the synonyms of Tilvaka. 37. Write the total number of Yoga of Sudha. 38. Write the total number if Madanaphala Avaleha. 39. Write the symptoms of Saptala. 40. Write the synonyms of sankhini. 41. Write four Kshira Yoga of Dhamargava. 42. Write the type of Vatsaka. 43. Write the Gunas of Ikshvaku. 44. Write the Gunas of Sudha. 45. Write the Gunas of Trivrutta. 46. Write the synonyms of Tilvaka. 47. Write the features of Jangala Desha. 48. In which Vyadhi Sudha Kalpa should be used? 49. Write the synonyms of Vatsaka. 50. Write the synonyms of Kritvedhana. 51. Write the featurea of Sadharana Desha. 52. Write the features of Anupdesh.

19 53. Write the synonyms of Sudha. 54. Write the synonyms of Saptala and Sankhini. 55. Write the Gunas of Chaturangul. 56. Write four Yogas of Ikshvaku. 57. Write four Yogas of Dhamargava. 58. Write four Yogas of Tilvaka. 59. Enlist Snehapaka. 60. Write four Yogas of Danti.

20 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part B- Siddhisthana 10 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write the importance of Siddhisthana. 2. Write about Vamana Vidhi. 3. Write about Vamanoushadhapana Vidhi. 4. Write the detail about Snehavyapatasiddhi Adhyaya. 5. Describe the Yogya and Ayogya of Vamana and Virechana. 6. Write about mode of action of Basti Dravas. 7. Write the importance of Vajikarana and write about foremost aphrodisiac. 8. Explain the Snehabasti Vyapada with its causes and write its treatment. 9. Write in detail about Basti Netra Vyapad,Basti Putaka Vyapada and Basti Pranetru Dosha. 10. Write in detail about Vamana-Virechana Vyapada. 11. Write about Pancha Karama and its use in treatment. 12. Write about Vamana Yogya and Ayogya and write benifit of Vamana. 13. Write about Virechana Yogya and Ayogya and write bemifit of it. 14. Basti is half treatment prove it Scientifically. 15. What is called Sansodhana? Write importance of Snehana and Swedana. 16. Write treatment of Atiyoga of Vamana and Virechana according to Charaka. 17. Describe Uttarbasti. 18. Write about Yapana Basti.

21 CHARAK SAMHITA- UTTARARDHA (Chikitsa-Kalpa-Siddhi sthana) Part B- Siddhisthana 5 marks Questions 60 Marks 1. Write Samyaka, Hina and Atiyoga Lakshana of Vamana. 2. Write about Shirovirechana Vidhi. 3. Write about Samsarjana Karma. 4. Write short note on : Parikartika. 5. Write a short note on : Jivadana. 6. Write a shor note on : Uttara Basti. 7. Write a short note on : Apatantraka. 8. Write a short note on : Samsarjana Karma. 9. Write a short note on : Shirovirechana Yogya-Ayogya. 10. Write a short note on : Mode of action of Vamana Dravya. 11. Write a short note on : Ardhavabhedaka. 12. Write a short note on : Matra Basti. 13. Write a short note on : Basti Dosha. 14. Write the importancr of Sidhisthana. 15. Write the types and method of Addministration of Nasya. 16. Write the Aetiological factors, Pathogenesis and the treatment of suryavarta. 17. Write about Matra Basti. 18. Basti is Ardha Chikitsa-Prove it. 19. Write the symptoms and treatment of Suryavrata. 20. Mention the Snehana Yogaya. 21. Write the symptoms of Basti Ayoga. 22. Write the Vyapada of Niruhabasti and it treatment. 23. Write short note on :` Matra Basti`.

22 24. Write short note on : Vibhramsha. 25. Write short note on : Jivadana. 26. Write about Uttarabasti Vidhi. 27. Write about Shirovirechana Vidhi. 28. Write the importance of Siddhisthana. 29. Write Hina and Atiyoga Lakshanas of Vamana and Virechana. 30. Explain the importance of `Snehana` and `Swedana`. 31. Write about Suryavarta. 32. Write in detail about Ashtha Mahadoshkar Bhava. 33. Write in detail about Nasya vidhi. 34. Write about Virechana Ayogya. 35. Write the definition of Virechana. 36. Write about `Peyadi Krama`. 37. Write about `Jivaadaana`. 38. Write the benefits of Anuvasana Basti. 39. Explain about `Vyapada` 40. Write about anthelmintic Niruha Basti. 41. What is `Trimarma`? 42. why it should not use either unctuous or non-unctuous enema single. 43. What should be done after `Vamana`? 44. What is `Panchkarma`? 45. Write the important of `Trimarma`? 46. Write about Tandra. 47. What is vidvighata? 48. Write the type of Nasya Karma. 49. Write about benefits of `Virechana`. 50. Write the benefits of `Peyadi Karam`. 51. Write about `Madhutailika Karma`. 52. Describe about Basti Netra

23 53. Who are fit for `Vamana`? 54. Whom and why `Panchakarma` should not be apply. 55. Write about Pitaghna Anuvasan. 51. Write about `Prasruta basti`. 52. Write about catheter. 53. Write the types of `Nasal therapy`. 54. Write the definition of Virechana. 55. Write the important of Basti Chikitsa in Marma Paripalana. 56. Write the important of Siddhi Sthana. 57. What is Basti Kundalika? 58. Write about Pratimarsha Nasya. 59. Write the names of Sneha Basti Vyapad. 60. What is Mutra Jathara? 61. Explain 62. Explain Explain Explain - 65Explain Explain Explain Explain- 69.Explain 70. Explain