COMMENTS on CRITICISM
|
|
- Rodger Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 249 Journal of The Siam Soci ety COMMENTS on CRITICISM In an article which recently appeared in the Siam Society Newsletter, Dr. Michael Vickery criticises my ideas concerning the origin of the Thai mai han akiit (which I think may have derived from the Mon/Khmer virama and thus may have been used by Thai scribes prior to 1361 A.D.) and my dating of the bronze repousse Buddha images on the m~<;la "dome" of the stiipa Phra That Hariphunchai (which I think were made around 1330 A.D.). Dr. Vickery writes that I have no text in support, that I am denying objective evidence, and that my argument does not hold up palaeographically. 1 Here, I would like to make a few comments on Dr. Vickery's criticism. Page 3. "... but it is entirely another matter to say that the adaptation of virama as mai han akat is older than consonantal doubling for the same purpose in the total absence of any text in support., Page 3. I did not say or write an ything like that. "Mon has continued to use virama up to the present. The only exception was Hariphunchai Mon around the 13th century which used double final consonants in place of virama... Dr. Penth' s argument does not hold up paleographically... " Quite to the contrary, all of the Lamphiin Mon inscriptions have the virama (and double consonants). Already Halliday had noted in 1930: "Le virama est Iargement utilise" _2 The virama clearly appears on the inscribed stones but usually seems to have been omitted in text editions of the inscriptions. Likewise, in text editions of other Mon (and Khmer) inscriptions the virama often is not indicated. Page 3. "... the origin of mai han akat was not from the virama, at least not directly... it more likely derived from... an identical sign l\11 substitute for the syllable ari ( ~~)... Of course certain proof of the above hypothesis requires an earlier text." In this part of his article, Dr. Vickery makes an interesting and, potentially, fruitful approach to investigating the early history and the origin of the mai han akat: studying the diacritical mark during its early stages of use. Such an approach indeed looks promising and may bring tangible, exact results (what is more, the same
2 250 Volume 75 (1987) method could be applied to investigate other diacritical marks as well). But that approach should be much more comprehensive, more detailed and more organized, listing the shapes of the mai han akat, its combinations with other letters, also its position in relation to neighbouring letters; the whole has to be tied to secure dates and should preferably be reproduced on a chart. As long as that is not done, the examples of mai han akat quoted by Dr. Vickery hardly have a bearing upon the provenance and the date of birth of the mai han akat, but only keep their face value of unprocessed research material: varied examples of the subsequent history and use of the mai han akat, after it had come into existence. Convincing conclusions cannot yet been drawn from them. The "identical sign" that Dr. Vickery refers to and which he sees examplified in the Wat Pa Dang inscription of 1406 A.D. (inscr. no. 9) in connection with, i.a., the word sangha, looks exactly like a mai han akat and is written over the second consonant. Prima facie, it seems to be a mai han akat. However, it may not be a mai han akat although it has the outward features of one. That is to say, the scribe may simply have used the same type of stroke for both, the "genuine" mai han akat and another similar diacritical mark. Dr. Vickery does not express his ideas on that mark. I suppose it may be derived from, or have connection with, the diacritical mark mai kang lai 1~A'-:i'tVI~ in Tham and Fak Kham scripts. In its earliest stage known to me (1470 A.D. ) 3, it looks similar to an unalom ~nt11~:j..j lying on its side, the thicker part to the left, i.e. a near-circle with a wave attached. In later inscriptions, up to the present, it looks more like a flattened Tham ij. \l with an additional circle in the upper stroke. I do not know the origin of the mai kang lai, but it seems restricted to certain Indian words, for instance sangha, the n being the mai kang lai (written on top of the gh). In the example of 1470 mentioned, it is used with the word sahinga "lion", the n here again being the mai kang lai. In northern Thailand, it is understood that the mai kang lai is more or less the same as the common anusvara. 0 (nikhahit Ufl~lil, in LanNa called mai kang 1~A'\l). But there must be something more to it because it does not occupy the same position as the anusvara. Perhaps 1i e mai kang lai is a contraction of two elements or represents any nasal, as does 111 in Sanskrit (sa111gha, danaj11, etc.). Thus, the mai han akat or "identical sign" in sangha etc. in the Wat Pa Dang inscription may be a simplified mai kang lai. But to make the mai han akat develop from it, as Dr. Vickery hypotheses, would need substantial evidence.
3 251 Journal of The Siam Societ} I still think it is bold to argue that the mai han akat was invented shortly before 1361 because our oldest dated stone inscriptions with mai han akat date from As I see it, the date 1361 is only a terminus post quem. There are many undated inscriptions with mai han akat some of which might conceiveably be older than And I still think that with present knowledge, a better tool is the theory that the mai han akat derived from the virama, and that therefore the mai han akat may have been used by Thai scribes before The virama is a horizontal stroke over th~ last consonant of a closed syllable. It is usually slightly curved, either upward or downward. If the virama was not in the mind of the early Thai scribes, if it had nothing to do with the origin of the mai han akat, how is one to explain that (a) the early mai han akat not only resemble the virama in form but are also placed over the last consonant, and that (b) in later inscriptions the mai han akat gradually shifts its position to the left, until it occupies its present position /24 I am inclined to go even one step further and to suggest, as a working theory, that the virama was also involved in the origin of the diacritical mark mai kong lijn\1. The mai kong, like the mai kang lai, has not found its way into use with central Thai letters, but it is one of the diacritical marks regularly used with Tham and Fak Kham letters. The mai kong is a slightly curved downward stroke not dissimilar to a long comma or to a long accent grave, written over the first consonant of a closed syllable. In central Thai script, it is either represented by the mai han akat, for instance in the words hua ~1 and wua '11. or it is not represented at all, for instance in the word khon flu.. In the Wat Kan Thorn inscription from c A.D.5 it is written over the second consonant, but later on, in the early examples of Fak Kham script, it has moved a little or extended its position to the left and begins already over the last part of the first consonant. In tham script, it is always written on top of the first (i.e. the upper) consonant, there being no other space available. to... " "Having denied the objective evidence of mai han akat, Dr. Penth went on To deny evidence implies intention to mishandle facts. Such sweeping statements, touching upon personal or scholarly integrity, do not advance us. I deny that I denied the objective evidence of the mai han akat and hope to be open to sober argumentation.
4 252 Volume 75 (1987) "In three JSS articles I demonstrated the very strong evidence that Jaya Sangram, Saen Phu, and Nam Thuam are ficticious, and that the only reliable 14thcentury king list is that of Wat Phra Yiin... the chronicles have inserted two ficticious generations... Nam Thuam belongs to a legend found in both Chiang Mai and Sukhothai sources." I don't know why the Wat Phra Yiin inscription of Lamphiin (1370 A.D.), while listing the ancestors of King Kii Na back to King Mang Rai, leaves out the names of kings Chai Songkhramt and San Pbii. 6 One could imagine several reasons for the omission, the simplest being that the author of the inscription did not know the names, or that he overlooked them, or that the scribe forgot to copy the names from his dr~ft. That, in tum, could have happened because the author (the monk Sumana from Sukhothai?) was in a hurry, or because he was a stranger and not too familiar with the Chiang Mai royal genealogy, or because the scribe was not a Chiang Mai court official, etc. Whatever the reasons for the omission, the inscription of Wat Phra Suwanna Maha Wihan from Phayao,datedl411, contains of list of kings up to that date of 1411, and here kings Chai Songkhram and San Phii occupy their usual places. 7 That inscription certainly was made under the direction of a court official. In fact, he was the king's uncle or else was very close to him, and besides he was particularly loyal and capable, wherefore he received the unusual title of Sl Miin (40,000) instead of the usual Miin (10,000) and received Phayao as his province. It seems quite impossible that the names of kings San Phii and Chai Songkhram were invented between 1370 and 1411 and, within a period of only fourty years, became so deeply engraved in the mind of an elderly, highly placed courtier, that this important official listed them as ancestors of his own king. As for the troublemaker Pho Tbao Nam Thuam (the name means Prince Floodwater; probably he was born in a year with a memorable inundation), the chronicles say that he came up from Tak and forced his way into Lamphiin (which seems to have then been the seat of the Ping State government); but he was quickly overcome and exiled to Chiang Tung. He may or may not be identical with the Sukhothai troublemaker of the same name: there certainly was more than one flood; or else the same man may have suffered setbacks in Sukhothai as well as in the Ping State. There does not seem to be a need for a theory that he or they were legendary figures.
5 253 Jou,nal of The Siam Society "There must have been in each generation a mahathevi with several sons, at least two of whom were ranked as braiia." Definitely not. Phaya (brana) means' King" in northern parlance of that period, and usually king of Uin Na in inscriptions from LanNa. There were one ortwo possible exceptions which I took into consideration in the conference paper quoted by Dr. Vickery. 8 "More significant is the evidence of these dated inscriptions that in 1489 a Maharajathevi donated thong sako, the material of which the controversial Buddha reliefs are made." Dr. Vickery is referring to the stone inscription from Wat Khuang Chum Kao of 1489 A.D. (inscr. no. 68). 9 The inscription says that in 1489, the maha racha thewi 3-J'VI1'fl'liL'Yl1 donated a certain amount of the metal alloy thong jangko (here called tong sako) with which to cover the top of the stupa of Wat Khuang Chum Kao. This monastery has not yet been identified, but it certainly was at quite some distance from the city of Lamphun, not in Lamphun. As for the lady, the stone inscription calls her a maha racha thew! (queen of the ruling king), not a maha thew! 3-J'VIlLm (widow of the deceased king mother of the ruling king) as the title reads on the Buddha image inscription. A mahii thewi was infinitely higher in rank. The matter recorded in that stone inscription is nothing out of the ordinary, we know of many donations of the kind, and it has nothing to do with the thong jangko Buddha images on the stupa Phra That Hariphunchai. Pages 4- S. Dr. Vickery. offers the suggestion that the thong jangko Buddha images on the Phra That Hariphunchai were made at one time, and that the inscriptions on the images were added later by other persons, not by the original donors of the Buddha images. That appears quite impossible. Of the several thousand inscribed Buddha images and other inscribed religious objects that I have examined, I have never come across anything like that. A person makes an image or an object, inscribes it or not, and offers it to the Three Gems or the Sasana. No other person would claim it as his donation or inscribe it with his name, because that would be trying to steal the puiiiia or kusala from the real donor, trying to improve one's own kamma by
6 254 Volume 75 (1987) cheating, something that cannot be done. As for the Buddha images on the Phra That Hariphunchai, the inscriptions on two of them say clearly "I made the image", and the other two inscriptions leave no doubt that the scribe (or the scribes) was a contemporary of the donor and wrote down what he was told by the donor. Inscriptions and images cannot be separated, they belong to the same period. If Dr. Vickery dates.the inscriptions on the images to around 1400 A.D. and perhaps as late as 1500, he will have to take up the matter with art historians too. Hans Penth Endnotes 1. Michael Vickery: From Lamphuil to Inscription Nr. 2. Summary of a Lecture Given at the Siam Society on 14 October The Siam Society Newsletter (3.1) 1987 p R. Halliday: Les inscriptions mon du Siam. DEFEO (30.1-2) 1930 p.86. ~ ~ ~ A.I ~ 1~ ~ ~ o ~ u u.. 3. I!I'IU'I L'VfU1i "f11~1'ln'yl~'u'w'l::~111i~u L'U'I.!.fl'lL"DEI.:IL~3.1" ni.:il11'w"1 n1'un'u1eln'l~3-iw11'l 'W.f'l 'W'l::'W'Y11i'l1JEJ.:I~~ 2 'l~-w'l::l~1lal.:l'l1el 1l1'W 2.'11 LLfl:: 2.fl. w 4. Hans Penth: Mai Han Akat. JSS (73) 1985 p if'u~ L"W'U~ "~1in'l~m"U1rt3.1" flfi1j'lq,u"1i'l'l3.1 (6.3) 2528 ~il '.,.:il ~ d "' "' "' "'.I ~ A ~ 6. ~1 'Y1El.:lfl11'l'ltu "~f!n'yl 62 tlfl1~1'lm~-w'l::ej'u ~.:1~1~fi1'Vj'U" u'l::~3-ltlfl1~1'ln1l1fi'y1 3 ni.:!l11'w"1 HTUn 'U1Elni~3.1W11i -w.f'l ~il A.B.Griswold/Prasert na Nagara: The Inscription of Wat Pra Yiin. JSS (62.1) 1974 p Li13.1 3jLI1i3.1t1l'l::a1-u ~llj1l'l::flej.:!/1l'l::lai~ m "Ufl'l "fi1~1inflfl1~1inmffii~'l1'!1"1.:tfiil.:t'l1 l fi"w./9" flft1l1m (24.2) 2523 ~ii,, Hans Penth: Inscriptions and Images on the Phra Mahii That in Lamphun. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thai Studies, Bangkok 1984, Conference Volume No. 6: Art and Archaeology. - The matter is also treated in an article with the same name currently (1987) under press with Artibus Asiae. 9. d1 11EJ.:tfi11'l'ltu "~~n~ 68 flfl1~1in1~~-uej.:~~ou13.1 ~.:~~1~~1'W'U" 1l'l::'!f3-lflfl1~1in mfl~ 3 nc;.:~l'yl'w"1.. ; tftunou1ejni~3-i'u'11i -w.f'l ~il
Northern Thai Stone Inscriptions (14 th 17 th Centuries)
Marek Buchmann Northern Thai Stone Inscriptions (14 th 17 th Centuries) Glossary 2011 Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden ISSN 0567-4980 ISBN 978-3-447-06536-8 Contents Preface... vii Introduction... ix Language
More informationA NOTE ON OLD T AK. Hans Penth. In his book "Towards A History Of Sukhodaya Art" (Bangkok
A NOTE ON OLD T AK by Hans Penth In his book "Towards A History Of Sukhodaya Art" (Bangkok 1967}, A.B. Griswold tells on p. 41 how King Kii Na of Chiang Mai invited the Sukhothail monk Sumana to Chiang
More informationFigure 20 S i h i n g B u d d h a i m a g e o n pedestal, Lampang. (Srawut 2544)
Saphao: Lan Na Perception on a Journey Across the Ocean Figure 20 S i h i n g B u d d h a i m a g e o n pedestal, Lampang. (Srawut 2544) Surasawasdi Sooksawasdi the saphao-like Figure 21 Junk boat-like
More informationThe Replication Theory: a New Approach to Buddha Image Iconography
The Replication Theory: a New Approach to Buddha Image Iconography Introduction In the past, to classify Buddha images, art historians in Thailand usually relied on the similarity in forms of Buddha images
More informationEarthquakes in Old Lan Na : A Part of Natural Catastrophes
CMU. Journal (2006) Vol. 5(2) 255 Earthquakes in Old Lan Na : A Part of Natural Catastrophes Hans Penth* Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand *Corresponding author:
More informationOrigin of Man in Southeast Asia
Origin of Man in Southeast Asia Volume 3 Indianization and the Temples of the Mainland Part 3: Pre-Modern Thailand, Laos and Burma Joachim Schliesinger Origin of Man in Southeast Asia Volume 3 Indianization
More informationNOTE. The article, in 50 pages, reviews Nai Manit Yallibhotama's article on Chieng Saen called Tamnan Sinhalavati Kumara, published in Thai by
NOTE REMARKS ON THE LON PRNCE n a review article published in this journal (The Lion Prince and related remarks on northern history, volume 64 part 1, January 1976), Mr. Michael Vickery submitted a very
More information4D3N FOOTSTEPS of ARAHANTS
EL SOL TRAVEL & TOURS SDN BHD - 54B, 1st Flr, Jln Desa Bakti, Tmn Desa, 58100 KL Tel: 603 7984 4560 Fax: 7984 4561 david@elsoltravel.com www.elsoltravel.com 4D3N FOOTSTEPS of ARAHANTS Cover the legacy
More informationtoday tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014
today tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014 VIENTIANE Date Time Event 09:00 am 02:00 pm Arrival and Check in 12:00 pm 02:30 pm Lunch Thursday 15 th May, 2014 03:00 pm 05:00 pm Conference Opening
More informationArt and Kingship in Pre-Modern Southeast Asia
Prof. Robert DeCaroli Art History 383 The Arts of Southeast Asia Art and Kingship in Pre-Modern Southeast Asia Tues and Thurs 3:00-4:15 Arts Building 2026 Course Description/Objectives: Strategically located
More informationFINDING BUDDHO: Legacy of Ajahn Mun 4D3N Sakon Nakhon Buddhist Pilgrimage
EL SOL TRAVEL & TOURS SDN BHD - 54B, 1st Flr, Jln Desa Bakti, Tmn Desa, 58100 KL Tel: 603 7984 4560 Fax: 7984 4561 david@elsoltravel.com www.elsoltravel.com FINDING BUDDHO: Legacy of Ajahn Mun 4D3N Sakon
More informationBRHAMI THE DIVINE SCRIPT
BRHAMI THE DIVINE SCRIPT Ashoka inscription at Naneghat, junnar Brahmi is considered to be one of the most ancient scripts in the sub-continent of India. According to tradition Brahma, the God of Knowledge,
More informationmonks and the camera Hans Georg Berger Text from: Monks and the Camera Buddhist Photograph in Laos ISBN:
monks and the camera Hans Georg Berger Text from: Monks and the Camera Buddhist Photograph in Laos ISBN: 978-1 - 941811-03 - 090000 Available at: www.ananthabooks.com Hans GeorG BerGer Photographs of Laos:
More informationThe design concept and style of contemporary Isan pagodas
The design concept and style of contemporary Isan pagodas Pakorn Pattananurot, Surapone Virulrak and Arkom Sa-ngiamviboon Fine and Applied Arts Research, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District,
More informationNOTES FURTHER NOTES ON PRASAT MUANG SINGH, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE. M.C. Subhadradis Diskul
NOTES FURTHER NOTES ON PRASAT MUANG SINGH, KANCHANABURI PROVINCE M.C. Subhadradis Diskul In the Journal of the Siam Society Vol. 66 Pt. 1, January 1978, the writer wrote on recent excavations at Prasat
More informationBai Sri Su Khwan: Spirit Blessing in North-eastern Thailand
Asian Culture and History; Vol. 6, No. 2; 2014 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Bai Sri Su Khwan: Spirit Blessing in North-eastern Thailand Songsak
More informationTHAILAND LAND OF SMILES
THAILAND LAND OF SMILES Geography History Government Religion Arts & Culture Transportation Nature Food Thailand Kingdom of Thailand, Land of the Free, formerly known as Siam until 1939 Only Southeast
More informationEarly Indian Scripts
Early Indian Scripts WE NOW come to India. I start with an introduction to the Early Indian Scripts. It is unfortunate that our most ancient writing, is still unintelligible. How much we can learn about
More informationWHY WERE THE JAT AKAS "HIDDEN AWAY" AT WAT SiCHUM?
WHY WERE THE JAT AKAS "HIDDEN AWAY" AT WAT SiCHUM? BETTY GOSLING When Lucien Foumereau visited Sukhothai in the early 1890s, a source of joy and amazement was the collection of stone engravings depicting
More informationAn Interview with Asokananda by Bob Haddad
An Interview with Asokananda by Bob Haddad The following are excerpts from an interview with Asokananda by Bob Haddad, Director of THAI. The interview was carried out on Feb 12, 2004 at Asokananda s home
More informationTracing Evidences for Manuscripts in Rituals. A workshop at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures Warburgstraße 26, Hamburg June 2016
Tracing Evidences for Manuscripts in Rituals A workshop at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures Warburgstraße 26, Hamburg 17 18 June 2016 Programme Friday, 17 June 2016 13:00 13:15 Welcome &
More informationThe designs inspired by Phra Maha Chedi of King Rama I-IV at Wat Phra. Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn
Title: The designs inspired by Phra Maha Chedi of King Rama I-IV at Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn Author: Faculty: University: Mr. Taechit Cheuypoung Faculty of Fine and Applied
More informationRethinking India s past
JB: Rethinking India s past 1 Johannes Bronkhorst johannes.bronkhorst@unil.ch Rethinking India s past (published in: Culture, People and Power: India and globalized world. Ed. Amitabh Mattoo, Heeraman
More informationBhikkhunis in Thai Monastic Education
Bhikkhunis in Thai Monastic Education Bhante Sujato 18/6/2008 In the debate about bhikkhuni ordination, information plays a key role. We have made substantial strides in our understanding of Buddhism in
More informationTour 1: Ayutthaya and Bang Pa
Tour 1: Ayutthaya and Bang Pa In the early morning, pick-up at your hotel in Bangkok and transfer to River City. From here you will travel by coach to Ayutthaya, the former Thai capital for over 400 years.
More informationBy Vanseven Co.,Ltd.
BANG PA-IN PALACE ATTRACTION DETAILS Few miles down the Chao Phraya River finds Bang Pa-in Palace, a complex of royal residences first built in around the 17th century to serve as a summer palace of Ayutthaya
More informationThe Golden Horse Monastery
Source: chiagmaicitylife.com The Golden Horse Monastery "... on top of their monastic duties and equestrian skills - the boys are being indoctrinated into the art of Thai boxing by the fighter-turned-abbot-turnedcowboy..."
More informationPretest. Directions: Choose the best answer for each item. Read the text below and answer the questions.
0 1 Pretest Directions: Choose the best answer for each item. Read the text below and answer the questions. In the center of Sakhon Nakhon town, close to the vast Nong Han Lake is the Wat Phra That Choeng
More informationD na Dhamma Tradition of the Tai Diaspora in Thailand: The Selection of the Donated Scriptures and the Role of the Tradition 1
Chatuporn Petchaboon D na Dhamma Tradition of the Tai Diaspora in Thailand: The Selection of the Donated Scriptures and the Role of the Tradition 1 Abstract Chatuporn Petchaboon 2 Because of war and impoverishment,
More informationCHIANGTUNG: IMPORTANT PLACE NAMES AND TERMS
nuswi en A V aaa CHIANGTUNG: IMPORTANT PLACE NAMES AND TERMS Albert Lisec In this paper, we take a journey to Chiangtung (Kengtung), a former vassal state of Lanna and close neighbour of Chiang Rai Thailand.
More informationScripts and History: the Case of Laos
SENRI ETHNOLOGICAL STUDIES 74: 33 49 2009 Written Cultures in Mainland Southeast Asia Edited by Masao KASHINAGA Scripts and History: the Case of Laos Michel LORRILLARD Professor, Ecole française d Extrême-Orient
More informationSerene on tour. Travel guide
Serene on tour Travel guide TRAVEL Recreation The Golden Triangle The joint of three countries, namely Thailand, Laos and Myanmar. It has Mekong River separates Thai and Lao apart, while Ruak River separates
More informationDeveloping Database of the Pāli Canon
(98) Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies Vol. 65, No. 3, March 2017 Developing Database of the Pāli Canon from the Selected Palm-leaf Manuscripts: Method of Reading and Transliterating the Dīghanikāya
More informationSiddham: The Script of the Buddha
Siddham: The Script of the Buddha THE HINDU and the Buddhist tantric practices laid emphasis on sacred sound, symbol and worship. Letters themselves are objects of contemplation, as they are charged with
More informationLesson 2 Student Handout 2.2 Confucius (Kong Fuzi), BCE
Lesson 2 Student Handout 2.2 Confucius (Kong Fuzi), 551-479 BCE Confucius was a sage, that is, a wise man. He was born in 551 BCE, during a period when China was divided into many small states, each with
More informationtoday tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014
today tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014 Dear Partner, It is our pleasure to invite you to participate Thailand Partner Conference 2014. The theme of Thailand Partner Conference 2014 is
More informationStudy Description: The Moses Controversy Patterns of Evidence: The Moses Controversy PatternsOfEvidence.com/Moses
Study Description: In Judeo-Christian tradition, Moses is believed to have authored the Torah, the first five books of the Bible. This is supported by over two-dozen passages in both the Old and New Testament
More informationTEMPLE-CAVES in THAILAND
TEMPLE-CAVES in THAILAND A picture-guide book Spotlight on temple-caves (cave-temples) Text & pictures by Nils B. Vogt, Dr. philos Published by www.booksmango.com E-mail: info@booksmango.com Text & cover
More informationPhotos and text by Yong Luo
Photo Essay: Guanyin Worship among the Thai Chinese Photos and text by Yong Luo Introduction Guanyin came to Thailand with Chinese immigrants and has since been worshipped among the Thai-Chinese. Guanyin
More informationThailand, 2011, Day 1, The Best Buddha Images of Bangkok
Thailand, 2011, Day 1, The Best Buddha Images of Bangkok It was the first day of our tour in Thailand and Elizabeth and I were off with our 39- member group to see 3 of the 4 best sites that Bangkok has
More informationFebruary 2018 A Look at Life in Siam from 1890 to 1918
February 2018 A Look at Life in Siam from 1890 to 1918 Rev. William Briggs, MD, FRGS, OBE in Siam with a man-killing tiger they had hunted down. The Story of Reverend Dr. Briggs in Siam in the 1890s see
More informationThailand. Here are a few of the pictures that I took on my trip. Hope that you enjoy them. Larry -
Thailand is one of the most serene places on earth. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy. Thailand is ruled by a king who is an American citizen and was educated in Switzerland. He is more
More informationNOTES NOTES ON RECENT EXCAVATIONS AT PRASAT MUANG SINGH M.C. SUBHADRADIS DISKUL
NOTES NOTES ON RECENT EXCAVATIONS AT PRASAT MUANG SINGH by M.C. SUBHADRADIS DISKUL The Fine Arts Department of the Royal Thai Government has since 1974 been conducting archeological excavations of the
More informationPrior to the Ph.D. courses, a student with B.A. degree or with M.A. degree in a non- related field advised to take prerequisite courses as follows:
COURSES OFFERED Prior to the Ph.D. courses, a student with B.A. degree or with M.A. degree in a non- related field advised to take prerequisite courses as follows: - Foundations of Religious Studies: History
More informationliable testimony upon the details of the Biblical records as they bear upon these two important subjects. As to the first chapters of Genesis, the
PREFACE It is the purpose of the present volume to show that intelligent Christians have a reasonable ground for concluding that the text of the Old Testament which we have is substantially correct, and
More informationBachelor s Degree. Department of Oriental Languages Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University
Bachelor s Degree Department of Oriental Languages Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University ********** Department of Oriental Languages, Faculty of Archaeology teaches the students for the Bachelor
More informationLesson 1: The Geography of China
Lesson 1 Summary Lesson 1: The Geography of China Use with pages 100 103. Vocabulary loess a yellowish-brown soil that blows in from the desert terrace a platform of earth that looks like a stair levee
More informationAPWH Chapters 4 & 9.notebook September 11, 2015
Chapters 4 & 9 South Asia The first agricultural civilization in India was located in the Indus River valley. Its two main cities were Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Its writing, however, has never been deciphered,
More informationThe Roles of Buddhist Temples in the Treatment of HIV/AIDS in Thailand
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 32 Issue 4 December Article 2 2005 The Roles of Buddhist Temples in the Treatment of HIV/AIDS in Thailand Tomoko Kubotani San Diego State University David
More informationThe spread of Buddhism In Central Asia
P2 CHINA The source: 3 rd century BCE, Emperor Asoka sent missionaries to the northwest of India (present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan). The missions achieved great success. Soon later, the region was
More informationThe Journal. of the. Siam Society. Volume
The Journal of the Siam Society Volume 101 2013 JSS P(1)-(6).indd 1 Cover: Terracotta votive tablet, Early Pagan (9th-10th century CE), height 17.5 cms, depicting the Buddha in bhumisparsha-mudra (earth-touching
More informationLesson Objectives. Core Content Objectives. Language Arts Objectives
Confucius 13 Lesson Objectives Core Content Objectives Students will: Locate Asia, India, and China on a map or globe Identify Confucius Describe the teachings of Confucius Language Arts Objectives The
More informationMonday 11 th June 2018 Day 1: Arrival Day All Day Arrival at Suvarnabhumi International Airport or Don Mueang International Airport Check-in at Hotel
1 Tentative Itinerary The 7 th NIDA Summer Camp Economic Development versus Sustainable Development National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) 11 20 June 2018 Monday 11 th June 2018 Day 1:
More informationFigure 1: Ba Da Pagoda (Ha Noi Capital)
\ Figure 1: Ba Da Pagoda (Ha Noi Capital) Information from stone tablets gives the date of the original temple on this site as 1056 (during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong). The story recounts that when,
More information7 the wat pho royal temple
The Spiritual Healing of Traditional Thailand 7 the wat pho royal temple The Thai Temple Perhaps the most visually interesting example of Thailand s varied cultural influences is the Thai temple or wat.
More informationThe Seminar on "How to Teach Vipassana Meditation to Westerners Organized By
The Seminar on "How to Teach Vipassana Meditation to Westerners Organized By Office of National Buddhism, Mahachula University, Nong khai Campus, the International Buddhist Association in America (IBAA)
More informationHow the Truths of Genesis Were Found Hidden in the Chinese language. C.H. Kang and Ethel R. Nelson
How the Truths of Genesis Were Found Hidden in the Chinese language C.H. Kang and Ethel R. Nelson TO the memory of Liio Teck Sing, my beloved wife and companion of more than 50 years. C. H. KANG my daughter
More informationAttention Please! This July, the INTG meeting is NOT on the second Tuesday BUT on the 3 rd Tuesday, i.e. on the 17 th of July. See below.
Attention Please! This July, the INTG meeting is NOT on the second Tuesday BUT on the 3 rd Tuesday, i.e. on the 17 th of July. There is ALSO a SECOND meeting on the 4 th Tuesday, i.e. on July 24 th. See
More informationName Class Date. Ancient China Section 1
Name Class Date Ancient China Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. China s physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult. 2. Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang
More informationA STUDY ON PRINCIPLES OF TRUE RELIGION, LEO TOLSTOY
A STUDY ON PRINCIPLES OF TRUE RELIGION, LEO TOLSTOY S. Seethalakshmi Research Scholar, Queen Mary s College, Chennai Introduction True religion is that relationship, in accordance the reason and knowledge,
More informationThe theological reality that Christ died for our sins is a fact of history.
1 Sunday, September 26, 2010 Grace Life School of Theology Church History: A Tale of Two Churches Lesson 3: The Importance of History to the Christian World View Introduction Simply stated, Christianity
More informationIt Ain t What You Prove, It s the Way That You Prove It. a play by Chris Binge
It Ain t What You Prove, It s the Way That You Prove It a play by Chris Binge (From Alchin, Nicholas. Theory of Knowledge. London: John Murray, 2003. Pp. 66-69.) Teacher: Good afternoon class. For homework
More informationLearning Zen History from John McRae
Learning Zen History from John McRae Dale S. Wright Occidental College John McRae occupies an important position in the early history of the modern study of Zen Buddhism. His groundbreaking book, The Northern
More informationEL41 Mindfulness Meditation. What did the Buddha teach?
EL41 Mindfulness Meditation Lecture 2.2: Theravada Buddhism What did the Buddha teach? The Four Noble Truths: Right now.! To live is to suffer From our last lecture, what are the four noble truths of Buddhism?!
More informationSOUTH-EAST ASIA THE CONSTRUCTION OF MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE BY EARLY CIVILIZATIONS OF SOUTH-EAST
1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 PLAIN OF JARS Laos MY SON SANCTUARY Vietnam NAN MADOL Micronesia WAT PHOU Laos BOROBUDUR Indonesia PRAMBANAN Indonesia PAGAN Myanmar BAYON TEMPLE Cambodia
More informationBuddhism Encounter By Dr Philip Hughes*
Buddhism Encounter By Dr Philip Hughes* The Origins of Buddhism About 2500 years ago important changes in religion began occurring in many parts of the world. Between 550 and 450 B.C. many great prophets
More informationCONSAL XVI ความม งหว งอาเซ ยน : ห องสม ดเพ อความก าวหน าท ย งย น. ASEAN Aspirations : Librarians for Sustainable Advancement
CONSAL XVI ความม งหว งอาเซ ยน : ห องสม ดเพ อความก าวหน าท ย งย น ASEAN Aspirations : Librarians for Sustainable Advancement List of Session Topics for CONSAL XVI 1. Information Technology to Enhance ASEAN
More informationMcGill University, Montreal, Canada Sept May 1992 Major : Religious Studies Degree Awarded : Bachelor of Arts ( Honours)
DANIEL VEIDLINGER, Ph.D. Professor Department of Comparative Religion and Humanities California State University, Chico dveidlinger@csuchico.edu tel: (530) 898-4637 EDUCATION University of Chicago, Chicago,
More informationEnvisioning the Buddhist Cosmos through Paintings: The Traiphum in Central Thailand and Phra Malai in Isan
Envisioning the Buddhist Cosmos through Paintings: The Traiphum in Central Thailand and Phra Malai in Isan Dr. Bonnie Pacala Brereton Lecturer, College of Local Administration, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
More informationCambodian Buddhist Education (Challenges and Opportunities) By Ven. Suy Sovann 1
Cambodian Buddhist Education (Challenges and Opportunities) By Ven. Suy Sovann 1 Introduction Cambodia is a small Theravada Buddhist country in Southeast Asia. It is also known as the temple capital of
More informationA Guide Through Some Recent Sukhothai Historiography a review article, JSS Volume 66, Part 2, July 1978, pp
1 A Guide Through Some Recent Sukhothai Historiography a review article, JSS Volume 66, Part 2, July 1978, pp. 182-24 The present article was intended first of all as a review of Mom Chao Chand Chirayu
More informationBuddhism in China Despite centuries of commercial activity along the Silk Road, bringing Chinese goods to the Roman Empire and causing numerous cities and small independent states to flourish, knowledge
More informationBuddhist Manuscript Culture and History in Southeast Asia
Daniel M. Veidlinger. Spreading the Dhamma: Writing, Orality, and Textual Transmission in Buddhist Northern Thailand. Southeast Asia: Politics, Meaning, Memory Series. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
More informationInformal Northern Thai Group Bulletin
Informal Northern Thai Group Bulletin May 6, 2013 1. MINUTES of the 359th Meeting, April 9, 2013 : Tai Khuen culture, Burmanization and the 600th Anniversary of Songkran in Keng Tung. A Talk and Presentation
More informationdhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ The dhamma protects the one who lives by the dhamma Mahādhammapāla Jātaka
Course Description dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ The dhamma protects the one who lives by the dhamma Mahādhammapāla Jātaka Buddhism, Society, and Politics in Southeast Asia Wednesdays, 3:55-6:55pm,
More informationSignificance & the supernatural A paper delivered to the symposium: (In)significance, at the University of Canberra, 15th May 2015
Significance & the supernatural A paper delivered to the symposium: (In)significance, at the University of Canberra, 15th May 2015 Denis Byrne Institute for Culture and Society, University of Western Sydney
More informationTHE BELIEF IN GOD AND IMMORTALITY A Psychological, Anthropological and Statistical Study
1 THE BELIEF IN GOD AND IMMORTALITY A Psychological, Anthropological and Statistical Study BY JAMES H. LEUBA Professor of Psychology and Pedagogy in Bryn Mawr College Author of "A Psychological Study of
More informationHOMAGE TO THE ABBOT PRINCE PARAMANUCHIT CHINOROT
HOMAGE TO THE ABBOT PRINCE PARAMANUCHIT CHINOROT by K.I. MAnes* The residential area (sangkhawat) of Wat Phra Chetuphon ("Wat Po") in Bangkok includes the Wasukri dwelling which is open to the public only
More informationAm I free? Freedom vs. Fate
Am I free? Freedom vs. Fate We ve been discussing the free will defense as a response to the argument from evil. This response assumes something about us: that we have free will. But what does this mean?
More informationReviewed by Daniel Veidlinger (California State University, Chico) Published on H-Buddhism (December, 2011) Commissioned by Thomas Borchert
Prapod Assavavirulhakarn. The Ascendancy of Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2010. $45.00 (paper), ISBN 978-974-9511-94-7. Reviewed by Daniel Veidlinger (California State
More informationThe major portion of the Gilgit Manuscripts is in the possession of the National Archives of India.
Nomination form International Memory of the World Register GILGIT MANUSCRIPTS ID Code [2016-120] 1.0 Summary (max 200 words) Give a brief description of the documentary heritage being nominated and the
More informationThai Royal Burial Sites
Thai Royal Burial Sites by Scott Mehl House of Chakri (1782-present) The funeral and cremation rituals of the Thai royals are perhaps some of the most spectacular displays. Steeped in tradition and driven
More informationWORKING TILL JESUS COMES Espana E-Newsletter
WORKING TILL JESUS COMES Espana E-Newsletter January March 2011 Chiang Mai, Thailand Dear Loved Ones & Friends, Sawasdee! We greet you in the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ! It is always our
More informationBuddhism. By: Ella Hans, Lily Schutzenhofer, Yiyao Wang, and Dua Ansari
Buddhism By: Ella Hans, Lily Schutzenhofer, Yiyao Wang, and Dua Ansari Origins of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, was born in 563 B.C.E Siddhartha was a warrior son of a king and
More informationThailand. Mountains, Monks and Meditation. 11 Days. t: e: w:
Thailand Mountains, Monks and Meditation 11 s Venture into Northern Thailand to admire ancient wats, glittering temples and extravagant palaces as we embark on a journey of discovery on this 11 day Religious
More informationMetamorphosis: The Sacred Gable in Siamese and South Indian Architecture
Metamorphosis: The Sacred Gable in Siamese and South Indian Architecture Michael Wright* Abstract No one would suggest that the sacred gable ofwat Na Phra Men in A yudhya (fig. 1), which is made of wood
More informationEAP086: Archive of Buddhist photographs in Luang Prabang, Laos
EAP086: Archive of Buddhist photographs in Luang Prabang, Laos Mr Hans Berger, Independent Researcher 2006 award - Pilot project 13,475 for 10 months Project report produced by Hans Georg Berger. Further
More informationRevised Syllabus for the Master of Philosophy
AC. 6/6/2012 Item No. 4.19 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Revised Syllabus for the Master of Philosophy in Pali Language & Literature (with effect from the academic year 2012 2013) M.PHIL. PALI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
More informationOn the epistemological status of mathematical objects in Plato s philosophical system
On the epistemological status of mathematical objects in Plato s philosophical system Floris T. van Vugt University College Utrecht University, The Netherlands October 22, 2003 Abstract The main question
More informationThe Challenge The Challenge Bhama peoples Southeast Asian peoples Pray Pray
1 day one We invite you to join us on a journey as you pray through the Southeast Asian peoples. You will be introduced specifically to the unengaged peoples that live there. The Mission:, asking that
More informationPilgrimage in China: A Trip to Jiu Hua Mountain
Pilgrimage in China: A Trip to Jiu Hua Mountain Editor s Note: In April of 2014, a group of monastics and laypeople from our Asian sangha visited root temples from our Chinese heritage at Jiu Hua Mountain
More informationTHE FIFTH SEAL. Paintings by Rolf A. Kluenter. Compiled and Edited by Andreas Kretschmar. Published by Arun K. Saraf 1998
THE FIFTH SEAL Calligraphic-Icons / Kalligraphikons Paintings by Rolf A. Kluenter Compiled and Edited by Andreas Kretschmar Published by Arun K. Saraf 1998 The Radheshyam Saraf Art Collection at Hotel
More informationBuddhism. Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship.
Buddhism Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship. Most people make the relationship between religion and god. There
More informationBook Reviews Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore
137 Opusculum de Sectis apud Sinenses et Tunkinenses (A Small Treatise on the Sects among the Chinese and Tonkinese): A Study of Religion in China and North Vietnam in the Eighteenth Century. By Father
More informationCan we really Trust the Bible?
Can we really Trust the Bible? Europe Edition Europe Edition Can we really trust the Bible? In our modern world, many are convinced that the Bible is nothing more than a silly old book. Its religious rambling
More informationBuddhist Revivalist Movements
Buddhist Revivalist Movements Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Alan Robert Lopez Chiang Mai, Thailand ISBN 978-1-137-54349-3 ISBN 978-1-137-54086-7
More informationThe Cultural Identity Construction of Temples for Tourism
The Cultural Identity Construction of Temples for Tourism Puttharak Prabnok Department of Humanity, Faculty of Humanity and Social Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand Abstract This study presents Buddhist
More informationToday we turn to the work of one of the most important, and also most difficult, philosophers: Immanuel Kant.
Kant s antinomies Today we turn to the work of one of the most important, and also most difficult, philosophers: Immanuel Kant. Kant was born in 1724 in Prussia, and his philosophical work has exerted
More informationMauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India
Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Background Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) 2 Major Cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro 2 Major Rivers: Indus & Ganges River Seasonal monsoons brought water to crops
More informationICT and Buddhism Thossaphol NORATUS President of the ICT for All Club
ICT and Buddhism Thossaphol NORATUS thossaphol@ictforall.org President of the ICT for All Club The year 2555 B.E. (2012 A.D.) is a Buddha Jayanti 2600 year, the Celebration of 2600 years of Buddha's Enlightenment.
More information