Study guide for The Duchess of Malfi, by John Webster Act I-Scene I Cell 1- Introduction- Antonio and Delio

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1 Study guide for The Duchess of Malfi, by John Webster Act I-Scene I Cell 1- Introduction- Antonio and Delio Scene Quotes- Act I Scene I<1> [Enter] ANTONIO and DELIO DELIO. You are welcome to your country, dear Antonio; You have been long in France, and you return A very formal Frenchman in your habit: How do you like the French court? ANTONIO. I admire it: In seeking to reduce both state and people To a fix'd order, their judicious king Begins at home; quits first his royal palace Of flattering sycophants, of dissolute And infamous persons,-- which he sweetly terms His master's master-piece, the work of heaven; Considering duly that a prince's court Is like a common fountain, whence should flow Pure silver drops in general, but if 't chance Some curs'd example poison 't near the head, Death and diseases through the whole land spread. And what is 't makes this blessed government But a most provident council, who dare freely Inform him the corruption of the times? Though some o' the court hold it presumption To instruct princes what they ought to do, It is a noble duty to inform them What they ought to foresee. Summary-

2 Antonio and Delio enter. Delio welcomes Antonio back to Italy from France and asks him about the French court. Antonio explains his opinion on the French court, how it works and why he likes it. Questions- 1. What does Delio mean what he says A very formal Frenchman in your habit to Antonio? 2. What literary device is used in is like a common fountain, whence should flow, and what are the vehicle and tenor? 3. Some curs d example poison t near the head, death and diseases through the whole land spread, says that a corrupt leader will ruin the entire kingdom. How true is the quote compared to the events that have occurred in history? 4. Would the story have any significant change if Antonio never went to France?

3 Act I-Scene I Cell 2- Cardinal and Bosola Scene Quotes- BOSOLA. I have done you better service than to be slighted thus. Miserable age, where only the reward of doing well is the doing of it! CARDINAL. You enforce your merit too much. BOSOLA. I fell into the galleys in your service: where, for two years together, I wore two towels instead of a shirt, with a knot on the shoulder, after the fashion of a Roman mantle. Slighted thus! I will thrive some way. Black-birds fatten best in hard weather; why not I in these dog-days? CARDINAL. Would you could become honest! BOSOLA. With all your divinity do but direct me the way to it. I have known many travel far for it, and yet return as arrant knaves as they went forth, because they carried themselves always along with them. [Exit CARDINAL.] Are you gone? Some fellows, they say, are possessed with the devil, but this great fellow were able to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse. ANTONIO. He hath denied thee some suit? BOSOLA. He and his brother are like plum-trees that grow crooked over standing-pools; they are rich and o'erladen with fruit, but none but crows, pies, and caterpillars feed on them. Could I be one of their flattering panders, I would hang on their ears like a horseleech, till I

4 were full, and then drop off. I pray, leave me. Who would rely upon these miserable dependencies, in expectation to be advanc'd tomorrow? What creature ever fed worse than hoping Tantalus? Nor ever died any man more fearfully than he that hoped for a pardon. There are rewards for hawks and dogs when they have done us service; but for a soldier that hazards his limbs in a battle, nothing but a kind of geometry is his last supportation. Summary- Bosola asks for a favor from the Cardinal and explains that he has worked very hard under him and deserves the favor to be granted. The Cardinal refuses and leaves Bosola. Then Bosola complains to Delio and Antonio about the Cardinal. Questions- 1. What literary device is used in Some fellows, they say, are possessed with the devil, but this great fellow were able to possess the devil, and make him worse, and what are the vehicle and theme? 2. What is the meaning of He hath denied thee some suit? 3. Was it right for Bosola to compare Cardinal to the devil because he wouldn t grant him a favor? 4. What if the Cardinal granted Bosola what he wanted?

5 Act I- Scene II Cell 3- Ferdinand and Castruccio Scene Quotes- Scene II<3> FERDINAND. Who took the ring oftenest?<4> SILVIO. Antonio Bologna, my lord. FERDINAND. Our sister duchess' great-master of her household? Give him the jewel.--when shall we leave this sportive action, and fall to action indeed? CASTRUCCIO. Methinks, my lord, you should not desire to go to war in person. FERDINAND. Now for some gravity.--why, my lord? CASTRUCCIO. It is fitting a soldier arise to be a prince, but not necessary a prince descend to be a captain. FERDINAND. No? CASTRUCCIO. Believe my experience, that realm is never long in quiet where the ruler is a soldier. FERDINAND. Thou toldest me thy wife could not endure fighting. CASTRUCCIO. True, my lord. FERDINAND. Why, there's a wit were able to undo all the chirurgeons<7> o' the city; for although gallants should quarrel, and had drawn their weapons, and were ready to go to it, yet her persuasions would make them put up. CASTRUCCIO. That she would, my lord.--how do you like my Spanish gennet?<8> RODERIGO. He is all fire. RODERIGO, GRISOLAN. Ha, ha, ha!

6 FERDINAND. Why do you laugh? Methinks you that are courtiers should be my touch-wood, take fire when I give fire; that is, laugh when I laugh, were the subject never so witty. CASTRUCCIO. True, my lord: I myself have heard a very good jest, and have scorn'd to seem to have so silly a wit as to understand it. FERDINAND. But I can laugh at your fool, my lord. CASTRUCCIO. Nor endure to be in merry company; for she says too much laughing, and too much company, fills her too full of the wrinkle. FERDINAND. You are a good horseman, Antonio; you have excellent riders in France: what do you think of good horsemanship? ANTONIO. Nobly, my lord: as out of the Grecian horse issued many famous princes, so out of brave horsemanship arise the first sparks of growing resolution, that raise the mind to noble action. Summary- Ferdinand comes in and rewards Antonio Bologna for being victorious in jousting. Ferdinand then begins to talk with Castruccio about various subjects while waiting for the arrival of the Duchess and the Cardinal. He first talks about war and battles and how Castruccio s wife cannot stand fighting. Castruccio shows off his Spanish Jennet, a small horse, then the subject changes to Castruccio s wife again and how she doesn t like to laugh because it gives wrinkles. Then Ferdinand talks to Antonio about horsemanship. Questions- 1. What literary device does the quote Nobly, my lord: as out of the Grecian Horse issued employ? 2. Why does Ferdinand denounce Roderigo and Grisolan when they laugh? 3. Was it right for Ferdinand to rebuke them for doing so? 4. Would the story be any different if the conversation between Ferdinand and Castruccio never occurred?

7 Act I- Scene II Cell 4- Delio and Antonio Scene Quotes- DELIO. Now, sir, your promise: what 's that cardinal? I mean his temper? They say he 's a brave fellow, Will play his five thousand crowns at tennis, dance, Court ladies, and one that hath fought single combats. ANTONIO. Some such flashes superficially hang on him for form; but observe his inward character: he is a melancholy churchman. The spring in his face is nothing but the engend'ring of toads; where he is jealous of any man, he lays worse plots for them than ever was impos'd on Hercules, for he strews in his way flatterers, panders, intelligencers, atheists, and a thousand such political monsters. He should have been Pope; but instead of coming to it by the primitive decency of the church, he did bestow bribes so largely and so impudently as if he would have carried it away without heaven's knowledge. Some good he hath done---- DELIO. You have given too much of him. What 's his brother? ANTONIO. The duke there? A most perverse and turbulent nature. What appears in him mirth is merely outside; If he laught heartily, it is to laugh All honesty out of fashion. DELIO. Twins? ANTONIO. In quality. He speaks with others' tongues, and hears men's suits With others' ears; will seem to sleep o' the bench Only to entrap offenders in their answers; Dooms men to death by information; Rewards by hearsay.

8 ANTONIO. Most true: He never pays debts unless they be shrewd turns, And those he will confess that he doth owe. Last, for this brother there, the cardinal, They that do flatter him most say oracles Hang at his lips; and verily I believe them, For the devil speaks in them. But for their sister, the right noble duchess, You never fix'd your eye on three fair medals Cast in one figure, of so different temper. For her discourse, it is so full of rapture, You only will begin then to be sorry When she doth end her speech, and wish, in wonder, She held it less vain-glory to talk much, Than your penance to hear her. Whilst she speaks, She throws upon a man so sweet a look That it were able to raise one to a galliard.<10> That lay in a dead palsy, and to dote On that sweet countenance; but in that look There speaketh so divine a continence As cuts off all lascivious and vain hope. Her days are practis'd in such noble virtue, That sure her nights, nay, more, her very sleeps, Are more in heaven than other ladies' shrifts. Let all sweet ladies break their flatt'ring glasses, And dress themselves in her. Summary- Delio and Antonio talk about the brothers, Ferdinand and the Cardinal, and how they are not as they appear to be. They are actually corrupted and false. The conversation then changes to the Duchess and her flawlessness. Questions- 1. Is it right for Antonio to talk bad about Ferdinand and the Cardinal even if what he says is true? 2. How would the story be different if Antonio didn t see the Duchess as flawless and perfect? 3. What literary device is used often when Antonio is describing the Duchess? 4. Why does Antonio mean when he says You never fix'd your eye on three fair medals cast in one figure, of so different temper.?

9 Act I- Scene II Cell 5- Ferdinand s offer to Bosola Scene Quotes- FERDINAND. Sister, I have a suit to you. DUCHESS. To me, sir? FERDINAND. A gentleman here, Daniel de Bosola, One that was in the galleys---- DUCHESS. Yes, I know him. FERDINAND. A worthy fellow he is: pray, let me entreat for The provisorship of your horse. DUCHESS. Your knowledge of him Commends him and prefers him. FERDINAND. There 's gold. BOSOLA. So: What follows? [Aside.] Never rain'd such showers as these Without thunderbolts i' the tail of them.--whose throat must I cut? FERDINAND. Your inclination to shed blood rides post Before my occasion to use you. I give you that To live i' the court here, and observe the duchess; To note all the particulars of her haviour, What suitors do solicit her for marriage, And whom she best affects. She 's a young widow: I would not have her marry again. BOSOLA. No, sir? FERDINAND. Do not you ask the reason; but be satisfied. I say I would not. BOSOLA. It seems you would create me One of your familiars. FERDINAND. Familiar! What 's that? BOSOLA. Why, a very quaint invisible devil in flesh,-- An intelligencer.<16>

10 FERDINAND. Sir, I 'll take nothing from you that I have given. There is a place that I procur'd for you This morning, the provisorship o' the horse; Have you heard on 't? BOSOLA. As I have seen some Feed in a lord's dish, half asleep, not seeming To listen to any talk; and yet these rogues Have cut his throat in a dream. What 's my place? The provisorship o' the horse? Say, then, my corruption Grew out of horse-dung: I am your creature. BOSOLA. Let good men, for good deeds, covet good fame, Since place and riches oft are bribes of shame. Sometimes the devil doth preach. [Exit.] Summary- The Cardinal tells Ferdinand to employ Bosola as a spy to use on the Duchess. Ferdinand offers gold but Bosola is suspicious about the offer and believes there is a catch. Ferdinand tells Bosola to spy on the Duchess to find out which suitor best has her favor. Ferdinand and the Cardinal want to do this to prevent the Duchess from marrying again. Question- 1. Is it right for Ferdinand and the Cardinal to try and prevent the Duchess from marrying again for their own desires? 2. What if Ferdinand never hired Bosola to be a spy? How would the story change? 3. What does Bosola mean when he says It seems you would create me one of your familiars to Ferdinand? 4. Bosola refers to Zeus when he believes there is a catch when Ferdinand offers him gold. What literary device is this an example of?

11 Duchess of Malfi: Act 1, Scene 3 Cell 1: Greedy Brothers Quote: Cardinal: No, Nor anything without the addition, honor, Sway your high blood. Summary: Cardinal and Ferdinand are trying to persuade Duchess not to marry to anyone of lower status. Comprehension Question: What is the reason the Cardinal gives to the Duchess not to marry? Ethical Question: Do you think the economical status of person should be a factor in friendships or relationships? Associative Question: Are Ferdinand and the Cardinal tyrants governing the Duchess? Predictive Question: Do you think the Duchess will listen to Cardinal and Ferdinand?

12 Duchess of Malfi: Act 1, Scene 3 Cell 2: Duchess Decides for Herself Quote: Duchess: Shall this move me? If all my royal kindred Lay in my way unto this marriage, I d make them my low footsteps and even now, Even in this hate, as men in some great battles, By apprehending danger, have achiev d Almost impossible actions I have heard soldiers say so So I through frights and threatening will assay This dangerous venture. Let old wives report I wink d and chose a husband. Cariola, To thy known secrecy I have given up More than my life my fame. Summary: The Duchess asks herself if she should listen to her brothers. She decides that she will try the dangerous venture of marrying Antonio. Comprehension Question: What will the Duchess try to do? Ethical Question: Should the Cardinal and Ferdinand tell their sister what to do with her life? Literary Question: What literary device does the quote Even in this hate, as men in some great battles employ?

13 Predictive Question: Do you think her choice was wise?

14 Duchess of Malfi: Act 1, Scene 3 Cell 3: Old Ring Removed Quote: Duchess: Fie, fie, what s all this? One of your eyes is blood-shot; use my ring to t, They say tis very sovereign: twas my wedding ring, And I did vow never to part with it But to my second husband. Antonio: You have parted with it now. Duchess: Yes, to help your eye-sight. Antonio: You have made me stark blind. Duchess: How? Antonio: There is a saucy and ambitious devil, Is dancing in this circle. Summary: Antonio, a steward of the household of the Duchess, enters the scene by request of the Duchess. The Duchess asks Antonio about marriage, then tells Antonio that he has a bloodshot eye. She removes her ring, which she had vowed not to take off unless she found a second husband, to help his eyesight. Antonio notices what had just happened and pointed it out to the Duchess. Antonio thinks she is messing with his mind. Comprehension Question: What was the vow the Duchess made about the ring? Ethical Question: Should the Duchess and Antonio be allowed to marry without the consent of the church or family?

15 Literary Question: Antonio sees the Duchess through the ring and calls her a saucy and ambitious devil. What is the literary device used? Predictive Question: Do you think the Duchess will regret removing the ring?

16 Duchess of Malfi: Act 1, Scene 3 Cell 4: Brother s Tempest Quote: Antonio: But for your brothers? Duchess: Do not think of them: All discord without this circumference Is only to be pitied, and not fear d: Yet, should they know it, time will easily Scatter the tempest. Summary: The Duchess reassures Antonio that nothing much will happen even if her brothers find out about their relationship. Comprehension Question: What will scatter Duchess brothers tempest? Ethical Question: Should the Duchess simply ignore her brothers or should she consider their opinions? Literary Question: Does the word tempest in the quote above use the connotative or denotative meaning? Predictive Question: Do you think the Duchess is underestimating her brothers anger about her marrying Antonio?

17 Duchess of Malfi: Act 1, Scene 3 Cell 5: Sword of Chaste Quote: Duchess: I would have you lead your fortune by the hand Unto your marriage bed: (You speak in me this, for we now are one) We ll only lie, and talk together, and plot T appease my humorous kindred; and if you please, Like the old tale in Alexander and Lodowick, Lay in a naked sword between us, keep us chaste. O let me shroud my blushes in your bosom, Since tis the treasury of all my secrets! Summary: The Duchess proposes that they lay a sword between them when they sleep to make sure nothing happens that will anger her brothers. Comprehension Question: To what story does the Duchess allude? Ethical Question: Should a married couple act this way to each other? Literary Question: What is the literary device used that makes a reference to another story in history? Predictive Question:

18 Do you think they will be committed enough to endure what the Duchess had suggested?

19 Act II: Scene i Cell1: Bosola and Castruchio Bosola Castruchio You say you would fain be taken for an eminent courtier? Bosola 'Tis the very main of my ambition. Castruchio But how shall I know whether the people take me for an eminent fellow? Castruchio Give out you lie a-dying, and if you hear the common people curse you, be sure you are taken for one of the prime night-caps. Bosola Summary: Bosola and Castruchio discuss Castruchio s interest in wanting to be taken as a distinguished courtier. Bosola comments on how Castruchio would be like as a courtier and gives Castruchio a bit of advice on how one would know if he were truly eminent. Questions: 1. What does Bosola mean when he says, And your night-cap expresses your ears sufficient largely.? a. Your night-cap shows off your ears b. Your ears look nice c. That night-cap suits you well 2. How might Bosola s tip on finding out if you were an eminent person help Castruchio?

20 a. The rumor would make him famous b. If no one said anything then it would show how he is unquestioned c. If the people were to curse him for being a prime night-cap or courtier, then that would show how highly he was thought of 3. How would Bosola s advice help lawyers today? a. It wouldn t b. It might be able to help the lawyer see the public s view on the case c. It would allow lawyers to see if they were well-known. 4. What literary device was used in roaring boys eat meat seldom? a. Metaphor b. Simile c. Hyperbole

21 Cell 2: Old Lady and Bosola Bosola Old Lady Why, from your scurvy face-physic. To behold thee not painted inclines somewhat near a miracle. These in thy face here, were deep ruts, and foul sloughs, the last progress. Bosola Flay'd the skin off her face to make it more level; and whereas before she looked like a nutmeg grater, after she resembled an abortive hedgehog. Bosola One would suspect it for a shop of witchcraft, to find in it the fat of serpents, spawn of snakes, Jews' spittle, and their young childrens' ordure; and all these for the face. Bosola Summary: And old lady enters from just applying her make up and Bosola gives his truthful opinion on her appearance. Bosola compares the old lady s attempt of trying to hide her wrinkles to a lady in France who had the small pox and how by trying to cover it she seemed even more hideous or like a hedgehog. Bosola refers to this lady as one who makes potions for her own complexion. Questions: 1. Concerning the manner that Bosola approached the old lady, was it proper to point out that she had just painted to conceal her wrinkles? 2. What did scurvy face-physic mean?

22 a. Medicine for a diseased complexion b. Face with no complexion c. Curved like face 3. Today, painting one s face is also known as what? a. Applying make up b. Making a painting of a face c. Using paint to make art 4. What literary device is used in To hide it in rich tissue; all our fear? a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Personification

23 Cell 3: Bosola and Antonio Bosola Apricocks for the duchess.. Antonio? I have a trick may chance discover it, a pretty one: I have brought some apricocks, the first our spring yields. Bosola Now, sir, in your contemplation? You are studying to become a great wise fellow? Antonio O, sir, the opinion of wisdom is a foul tetter that runs all over a man's body... Bosola Shall I confess myself to you? I look no higher than I can reach... Bosola Summary: Bosola planned to give the duchess some apricocks to verify his suspicions of the Duchess being pregnant. Then Antonio then asks for Bosola s wisdom but Bosola tells Antonio of how he would prefer honesty instead of wisdom, to which he refers as a skin disease. Questions: 1. Which of these would most likely imply that the Duchess is pregnant? a. Chief man with the duchess b. Is sick a-days, she pukes, her stomach seethes...

24 c. The devil, that rules I th air 2. How can Bosola s example about how even a holy man can be affected by greed, be compared to people today? 3. How would apricocks confirm the duchess is pregnant? a. She ll hate them b. She will like them c. They will make her feel ill or sick 4. Would Bosola s view of wisdom be right in your opinion? Why?

25 Cell 4: Bosola s Gift to the Duchess Bosola Duchess Oh! Apricocks! apricocks I have a present for your grace. Bosola For me, sir? Duchess [aside] Good, her colour rises. Bosola Indeed I thank you: they are wondrous fair ones. Duchess How greedily she eats them! A whirlwind strike off these bawd farthingales! For, but for that, and the loose-bodied gown, I should have discover'd apparently the young springal cutting a caper in her belly. Bosola Summary: After the Duchess shortly speaks with Antonio, Bosola offers the Duchess some apricocks, which the duchess accepts all too greedily. Bosola notices her behavior and her clothing indicating her pregnancy. Questions: 1. When Bosola offers the Duchess the apricocks, what is the first thing Bosola notices about her behavior? a. she is blushing b. her face looks like an abortive hedgehog s c. her color is growing faint

26 2. In the quote, A whirlwind strike off these bawd farthingales! made by Bosola, what are those bawd farthingales? a. dishonest hoops in a skirt which would hide a pregnancy b. A honestly long dress which would hide a pregnancy c. A lying large sweater that would hide pregnancy 3. When Bosola spoke with the duchess he had mentioned that the apricots were ripened from horse-dung, was it appropriate for him to tell the Duchess while she ate the apricots? Why? 4. Compared to the method Bosola used to verify the duchess s pregnancy, how are our current methods to verify pregnancy more effective?

27 Cell 5: Duchess and the Apricocks Duchess I do not feel well Antonio empty This green fruit and my stomach are not friends: How they swell me! Duchess Nay, you are too swell d already. Bosola O, I am in an extreme cold sweat! Duchess I fear she s fallen in labour... - Antonio Summary: The apricots that the Duchess ate immediately seem to make her sick, which Bosola notices. Bosola leaves them as the Duchess seems to go into labor. Questions: 1. What did Bosola mean when he said, The young springal cutting a caper in her belly.? a. the lycanthrope dancing around in her belly b. the strong animal kicking and scratching her ballast c. the young baby dancing and kicking in her belly 2. How did the apricots affect the Duchess? a. She died b. She felt healthier and went for a walk c. She felt ill and seem to go into labor

28 3. Why did Bosola run and was this the best way to go about things? Why? 4. What literary device is used in, This green fruit and my stomach are not friends? a. metaphor b. personification c. simile

29 Cell 6: The Duchess in Labor Duchess Antonio I don t know what to do! Delio labor Have you prepar'd those ladies to attend her? And procur'd that politic safe conveyance for the midwife, your duchess plotted? Delio Give out that Bosola hath poison'd her with these apricocks... Delio... the physicians will then flock to her. - Antonio... pretend she ll use some prepar'd antidote of her own, lest the physicians should re-poison her. - Delio Summary: The Duchess has seemed to go into labor. Antonio panics on what to do but Delio, his friend, reminds Antonio of what he had to do and of the secret midwife they hired for the occasion. Delio also reminds Antonio to make sure that everyone hears of the Duchess being poisoned by Bosola and that the physicians don t try to examine her by pretending that the Duchess had found a way to cure herself. Questions: 1. How did Antonio handle the situation with the duchess suddenly going into labor? a. calmly he went about their plan b. panicked and looked to his friend for help

30 c. didn t care 2. What did politic mean in the quote, And procur'd that politic safe conveyance for the midwife, your duchess plotted? by Delio? a. Secretly burned b. Politically manipulated c. Professionally assassinated 3. Why did they fear that the physicians would try to check the duchess s condition? a. Because they would find out that she was poisoned b. Because they would find out about the pregnancy c. She was sick 4. Could they have taken other alternatives other than a midwife if this were to occur in our time? What might those alternatives be?

31 Act II: Scene ii Cell 1: Bosola s Suspicion Summary: Bosola suspects the Duchess is pregnant by her irritability and her vulturous eating of the apricocks. Quote: So, so, there's no question but her tetchiness And most vulturous eating of the apricocks, are Apparent signs of breeding. Questions: 1) are apparent signs of breeding. Breeding in this sentence means: a) to give birth b) pregnancy c) being sexually active 2) Would have Bosola s opinion changed if the Duchess had not eaten the apricots? 3) Is it in Bosola s rights to get involved in the Duchess business? 4) This part of the scene, where Bosola wonders if the Duchess is pregnant, uses what literary device: a) dramatic irony b) the climax c) figurative language

32 Cell 2: Bosola s Opinion Summary: Bosola suggests that all women are lustful. Quote: The orange-tree Bears ripe and green fruit and blossoms, Altogether: and some of you Give entertainment for pure love, but more, For precious reward. The lusty Spring smells well; but drooping autumn tastes well. Questions: 1) and some of you give entertainment for pure love Entertainment in this sentence means: a) to dance b) to play an instrument c) to make love 2) What could have led Bosola to have a horrible opinion of women? 3) In a women s point of view, would Bosola s principles seem correct? 4) In the above quote, what figurative language is Bosola using? a) there is no figurative language b) symbolism c) a metaphor

33 Cell 3: Antonio s Request Summary: Antonio orders everyone to their respective rooms claiming that it is the Duchess wish on account of stolen tableware and jewels. Quote: Gentlemen, We have lost much plate you know; and but this evening Jewels, to the value of four thousand ducats, Are missing in the duchess' cabinet. 'Tis the duchess' pleasure Each officer be lock'd into his chamber Till the sun-rising; and to send the keys Of all their chests, and of their outward doors Into her bed-chamber. She is very sick. Questions: 1) She entreats you tak't not ill: the innocent shall be the more approv'd by it. follows the preceding quote. What does it mean? a) If you re innocent, you need not worry b) She does not wish you to get sick c) Neither a or c 2) What events would have occurred if Antonio hadn t been able to send all the courtiers to their respected rooms? 3) Would have the courtiers listened to Antonio if the Duchess was not sick?

34 4) Is there any use of a hyperbole in the above quote? a) yes b) no c) I m not sure

35 Cell 4: Antonio s Fear and a True Friend Summary: Antonio is fearful of the events that are taking place. Delio advices Antonio to speak words of comfort to the Duchess, his wife. Delio also says that he will always be a true friend. Quote: Believe it, 'Tis but the shadow of your fear, no more: How superstitiously we mind our evils! The throwing down salt, or crossing of a hare, Bleeding at nose, the stumbling of a horse, Or singing of a cricket, are of power To daunt whole man in us. Sir, fare you well: I wish you all the joys of a blest father; And, for my faith, lay this unto your breast, Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best. Questions: 1) What does Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best. mean? a) Old friends are trusted best b) Things that have always been useful in the past remain to be trusted c) both a and b 2) Is Delio s presence of any consolation to Antonio?

36 3) Is being a trusted friend to Antonio a good enough reason for Delio to keep quiet about the Duchess pregnancy? 4) Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best. This quote is an example of what? a) forshadowing b) a simile c) an oxymoron

37 Cell 5: The News Summary: Antonio receives word that he has a son and sets off to figure out his son s horoscope. Quote: CARIOLA: Sir, you are the happy father of a son: Your wife commends him to you. ANTONIO: Blessed comfort! For heaven' sake tend her well: I'll presently Go set a figure for's nativity. Questions: 1) I'll presently go set a figure for's nativity. What is nativity? a) a horoscope b) a death certificate c) birth 2) How would have the events in the story changed if Antonio hadn t received word about the birth of his son? 3) Is calculating his son s nativity more important than seeing his wife and newborn first? 4) What is the tone in which Antonio speaks his last few lines? a) relieved and horrified b) relieved and excited c) relieved and angry

38 Act II: Scene iii Cell 6: Bosola Snoops Around, Suspicion Arises Summary: Bosola is not in his room and is heading towards a scream he heard coming from the Duchess chamber. He suspects that there is a different reason why all the courtiers were sent to their rooms. Quote: Sure I did hear a woman shriek: list, ha! And the sound came, if I receiv'd it right, From the duchess' lodgings. There's some stratagem In the confining all our courtiers To their several wards: I must have part of it; My intelligence will freeze else. List, again! Questions: 1) There's some stratagem in the confining all our courtiers to their several wards: Strategem means: a) a deceptive plan b) a lie c) a foolish reason 2) How would the events change if Bosola had never heard the scream coming from the Duchess room? 3) Was it right of Bosola to be sneaking around when he was ordered to stay in his room?

39 4) In the preceding quote, we know something Bosola knows not. What is this called? a) a paradox b) dramatic irony c) sarcasm

40 Cell 7: Blaming the Wind Summary: Antonio and Bosola blame the screams on the howling wind. Antonio does not want Bosola to go near the Duchess chamber. Quote: ANTONIO: Bosola! [aside] This mole does undermine me-- Heard you not A noise even now? BOSOLA: From whence? ANTONIO: From the duchess' lodging. BOSOLA: Not I: did you? ANTONIO: I did, or else I dream'd. BOSOLA: Let's walk towards it. ANTONIO: No, it may be 'twas But the rising of the wind. BOSOLA: Very likely. Questions: 1) What does This mole does undermine me mean? a) this rodent does wear me out b) this spy will be my downfall c) this man looks and acts like a mole 2) What would of occurred if Bosola kept insisting on knowing the truth behind the screams? 3) Based on Bosola s character, can his actions be interpreted as worry or self-interest?

41 4) In what tone does Antonio speak his aside in the preceding quote? a) grief b) distress c) utter joy

42 Cell 8: Sweating on a Cold Night? Summary: Bosola asks why Antonio is sweating so much on a cold night. Antonio replies that he was looking at the stars for the location of the stolen items. Quote: BOSOLA: Very likely. Methinks 'tis very cold, and yet you sweat. You look wildly. ANTONIO: I have been setting a figure For the duchess' jewels. Questions: 1) I have been setting a figure for the duchess' jewels. What has Antonio been doing? a) looking for the jewels outside of the park b) looking at the stars for supernatural info about the jewels whereabouts c) looking for the culprit who had stolen the stars 2) Why did Antonio choose the lie about looking at the stars for the location of the jewels instead of something else? 3) Was it important to Bosola to know what Antonio was doing? 4) What tone is Bosola using in the preceding quote? a) suspicious

43 b) angry c) apathetic

44 Cell 9: Stolen Jewels and Poisoned Apricots! Summary: Antonio states that it is suspicious of Bosola to be out of his room. He then blames Bosola of stealing the jewels and of feeding the Duchess poisoned apricots. Quote: ANTONIO: [aside] This fellow will undo me.-- You gave the duchess apricocks today: Pray heaven they were not poison'd. BOSOLA: Poison'd! a Spanish fig For the imputation. ANTONIO: Traitors are ever confident, Till they are discover'd. There were jewels stol'n too: In my conceit, none are to be suspected More than yourself. Questions: 1) What does This fellow will undo me mean? a) this man will be my downfall b) this man will ruin everything c) both a and b 2) How would have Bosola reacted if in truth the apricots were poisoned? 3) Was it in Antonio s rights to blame Bosola?

45 4) This fellow will undo me. If Antonio s statement holds true, what literary device is it? a) a metaphor b) foreshadowing c) a motif

46 Cell 10: New Findings Summary: Antonio departs and Bosola finds the child s astrology on the floor. This proves his suspicions about the Duchess pregnancy. The father is still unknown to him, but he doesn t think it is Antonio, he doesn t believe the Duchess would stoop that low. Quote: Antonio hereabout did drop a paper. Some of your help, false friend. O, here it is: What's here? a child's nativity calculated! Questions: 1) In the preceding quote, who the false friend? a) the lantern b) Antonio c) himself 2) If Bosola didn t have his lantern, what would have happened differently? 3) If Bosola knew the dropped paper was Antonio s, why didn t he return it? 4) Antonio hereabout did drop a paper. Some of your help, false friend. What literary device is Bosola using when he says false friend, assuming he is addressing his lantern? a) parallelism

47 b) onomatopoeia c) personification

48 Act II: Scene iv Cell 1: Cardinal s Suspicions Regarding Julia Summary: The Cardinal begins by suspecting Julia s reason for her staying in Rome without her husband. He implies that she is not faithful. Quote: CARDINAL: Sit: thou art my best of wishes. Prithee tell me, What trick didst thou invent to come to Rome Without thy husband? JULIA: Why, my lord, I told him I came to visit an old anchorite Here, for devotion. CARDINAL: Thou art a witty false one; I mean, to him. Questions: 1) What is an anchorite? a) a friend b) a religious hermit c) a homeless person 2) If Julia had arrived to Rome with her husband, would the scene have changed? 3) Does the Cardinal have the right to be calling Julia unfaithful?

49 4) When the Cardinal says What trick didst thou invent to come to Rome without thy husband? Infering from his tone, what kind of response is he expecting? a) That she made up a goody-two-shoes lie to her husband. b) That she told her husband the truth. c) That she told her husband it was none of his business

50 Cell 2: A Woman s Tendency Summary: The Cardinal states that women have a tendency to be unfaithful. The only faithful women are anywhere but Earth. Quote: We had need go borrow that fantastic glass, Invented by Galileo the Florentine, To view another spacious world i'th' moon, And look to find a constant woman there. Questions: 1) What is that fantastic glass, invented by Galileo? a) a cup b) a thermometer c) a telescope 2) If Julia were faithful, would the Cardinal s opinion regarding women change? 3) What are the possible things that can be inferred by the preceding quote knowing that he is a Cardinal and that back then, people living on other planets was a foolish idea? 4) What literary device is the Cardinal using when he says that fantastic glass? a) a metaphor b) an analogy c) personification

51 Cell 3: Alligator Tears Summary: Julia begins to cry and the Cardinal marks them fake. Quote: Why do you weep? Are tears your justification? the self-same tears Will fall into your husband's bosom, lady, With a loud protestation that you love him Above the world. Questions: 1) What does the Cardinal mean by the preceding quote? a) The same tears she cries now will be the same tears she cries later to her husband while she proclaims her love for him. b) The same tears she cries now will fall onto her husband s breasts while she cries how much she loves the Cardinal. c) The same tears will fall on the Cardinal s robes and stain them while she proclaims her love for her husband. 2) Would the events have changed if Julia had been crying real tears? 3) Was it right to cry fake tears in front of the Cardinal? 4) Is the whole quote a hyperbole, or in other words, an exaggeration? a) yes b) no

52 c) I don t know

53 Cell 4: Reminders Summary: Julia reminds the Cardinal that at one point in his life, he was love struck by her. Quote: You told me of a piteous wound i'th' heart, And a sick liver, when you woo'd me first, And spake like one in physic. Questions: 1) What is a sick liver? a) a sick heart b) a sick fool c) a sick pervert 2) What would have changed if the Cardinal was still in love with Julia? 3) Was it right to bring up a past feeling? 4) What type of literary device does Julia use when she says, wound i th heart? a) personification b) simile c) hyperbole

54 Cell 5: Mocking and a Job Offer Summary: Delio comes in and begins to mock Julia s pitiful situation, being married to a pathetic man, and offers her money so she can be his mistress. Julia goes to ask her husband if he wishes to spend time with her. Quote: JULIA: Sir, you hear: Pray let me know your business, and your suit, As briefly as can be. DELIO: With good speed, I would wish you, At such time as you are non-resident With your husband, my mistress. JULIA: Sir, I'll go ask my husband if I shall, And straight return your answer. Questions: 1) What does it mean when Julia says And straight return your answer. a) I will give you the correct answer. b) I will give you the answer right away. c) I will take the straight path to my husband. 2) What events can occur if Julia returns with the answer no? 3) Does it make sense, knowing that Julia is not faithful, to go ask her husband if he wishes to spend some quality time with her?

55 4) What type of atmosphere can be sensed between Delio and Julia? a) a conflicting one b) a friendly one c) a pathetic one

56 Act II: Scene v Cell 6: Brothers Discuss the Letter Summary: Ferdinand calls the Duchess a prostitute. The Cardinal tells him to speak in a softer voice, but Ferdinand disregards his brother and continues to rant. Quote: FERDINAND: Read there, a sister damn'd; she's loose i'th' hilts, Grown a notorious strumpet. CARDINAL: Speak lower. FERDINAND: Lower! Rogues do not whisper't now, but seek to publish't, Questions: 1) What does Rogues do not whisper't now, but seek to publish't, mean? a) That scoundrels do not whisper but speak in sign language. b) That scoundrels do not whisper but instead publish in books. c) That scoundrels do not whisper but make everything publicly known. 2) What would have happened if the brothers had never received the letter? 3) Was it in Ferdinand s right to be outraged at his sister, the Duchess?

57 4) What tone is Ferdinand using in the preceding quote? a) rage b) anger c) all of the above

58 Cell 7: Tainted Blood Summary: The Cardinal is worried about how the Duchess actions have led to the tainting of their blood. Ferdinand suggests a painful treatment to purify their blood. He shed a tear and rubs it off with a handkerchief. He then claims that the handkerchief will be all the Duchess son will inherit. Quote: CARDINAL: Shall our blood, The royal blood of Arragon and Castile, Be thus attainted? FERDINAND: Apply desperate physic: We must not now use balsamum, but fire, The smarting cupping-glass, for that's the mean To purge infected blood, such blood as hers. There is a kind of pity in mine eye, I'll give it to my handkerchief; and now 'tis here I'll bequeath this to her bastard. Questions: 1) What does Ferdinand mean by saying To purge infected blood, such blood as hers? a) The Duchess has a disease in her blood so they must cleanse it. b) The Duchess blood can infect other peoples blood. c) The Duchess has tainted blood so they must cleanse it. 2) Will the Duchess son feel any hatred toward his Uncle Ferdinand and the Cardinal?

59 3) Is it wrong to hate one s own nephew? 4) What type of feeling does Ferdinand direct towards the Duchess son? a) sympathy b) love c) neither a nor b

60 Cell 8: Suggestions Summary: Ferdinand suggests to the Cardinal to kill the Duchess. Quote: Why, to make soft lint for his mother's wounds, When I have hewed her to pieces. Questions: 1) When Ferdinand says make soft lint for his mother's wounds, what does soft lint mean? a) literally mean soft lint b) soft bandages c) there s no such thing as soft lint 2) Would the Duchess inevitable death come quicker if the Cardinal agreed to Ferdinand s ranting? 3) Is there ever a justifiable reason to kill your sister? 4) What tone is Ferdinand using in the preceding quote? a) proud b) insane c) peaceful

61 Cell 9: Promises of False Appearance Summary: Ferdinand promises the Cardinal that he will appear calm in the current situation. The brothers in some way think that they are partly responsible for their sister s actions. Quote: FERDINAND: So: I will only study to seem The thing I am not. I could kill her now, In you, or in myself; for I do think It is some sin in us, heaven doth revenge By her. Questions: 1) What is Ferdinand implying when he says In you, or in myself a) I could kill you or myself, thus making her cry and repent her ways. b) I could kill you or myself, thus automatically killing our sister. c) I could kill you or myself, thus killing the blood that we share with our sister. 2) What would happen if Ferdinand was unable to appear calm? 3) Is it right that the brothers feel partly responsible for the Duchess actions? 4) What literary device does Ferdinand use in In you, or in myself; for I do think it is some sin in us, heaven doth revenge by her. a) hyperbole

62 b) personification c) theme

63 Cell 10: Vows Summary: Ferdinand vows to find who sexually mounted his sister and then kill her. Quote: Nay, I have done. I am confident, had I been damn'd in hell, And should have heard of this, it would have put me Into a cold sweat. In, in, I'll go sleep. Till I know who leaps my sister, I'll not stir: That known, I'll find scorpions to string my whips, And fix her in a general eclipse. Questions: 1) When Ferdinand says And fix eclipse, what does he mean by eclipse? a) overshadow b) lunar/solar eclipse c) total darkness 2) What events would have occurred if Ferdinand knew it was the child of Antonio that the Duchess gave birth to? 3) If Ferdinand carries out his plans, will the law be at his favor? 4) in a general eclipse is a what? a) a metaphor b) a simile

64 c) an analogy

65 Act III, scene 1 Delio: how is the Duchess? Antonio: she s doing well, she had two children Delio: does the Cardinal know about this? Antonio: yes I m afraid he has Questions: 1) What happened to the Duchess that was good? A. she became the queen B. she had two children C. she was given a crown D. she was was getting a divorce 2) who was not supposed to find out about what had happened to the duchess? A. the Cardinal B. Antonio C. Bosola D. Everybody 3) why is it bad for the Duchess to have children? 4) what do the children symbolize?

66 Antonio: Ferdinand is so quiet, it s a dangerous sign Delio: what do the common people say? Antonio: they say that she s a whore Delio: what do the wiser people think of the duchess? Antonio: they think the duchess could correct it if she could. They say that the rich don t complain to change if they are unpopular towards other people Questions: 1) what do common people think about the Duchess? A. she s awesome B. she s a whore C. she s a liar D. she s beautiful 2) what is wrong with Ferdinand? A. he is always angry B. he didn t like the duchess C. he was too quiet D. he was in love with the duchess

67 3) is the duchess really a bad person, such that the people are telling the truth about her, or is she simply doing what she thinks is right? 4) why is the duchess unpopular?

68 Ferdinand: I m tired, do I m going to go to bed. I will arrange a husband for you Duchess: who? Ferdinand: Count Malateste Duchess: a count? I can see right through him Questions: 1) Who did Ferdinand want to marry the Duchess? A. Count Malateste B. Count Dracula C. Antonio D. Nobody 2) why didn t the duchess want to marry who she was told to? A. she didn t like him B. she liked someone else C. she was crazy D. she thought she was able to see right through him E. a, b, and d 3) why did Ferdinand arrange a marriage for the Duchess? A. she couldn t find one herself B. to keep her safe

69 C. he didn t want her marrying someone else D. he was bored 4) was Ferdinand s actions moral?

70 Ferdinand: you ll go with it. How is Antonio? Duchess: I want to talk to you about a report about me being spread Ferdinand: my arranged marriage can make this topic less important Questions: 1) What did Ferdinand assure the Duchess will make her topic less important? 2) who did Ferdinand not want the Duchess to marry? 3) what is the Duchess problem? 4) is the Duchess considered a good person or a bad person to commoners?

71 Ferdinand: she only feels guilty because of committing adultery. How is our spying? Bosola: I think some witchcraft had been used, to make her fall in love for undeserving men Ferdinand: do you really believe there are potions to make people love? Bosola: yes Ferdinand: they are just fake things invented by tricky salesmen. The witchcraft comes from the Duchess own nature, tonight I will make her confess Bosola: what are you going to do? Ferdinand: if you can t guess, don t ask

72 Act III Scene II Cell #1 Quote: Duchess: Bring me the casket hither, and the glass.-- You get no lodging her to-night my, lord. Antonio: Indeed, I must persuade one. Duchess: Very good: I hope in time twill grow into a custom that noblemen shall come with cap and knee to purchase a night s lodging of their wives. Summary: The Duchess and Antonia are flirting and teasing each other. Duchess asks him when men will ever ask their wives permission to sleep with them, rather than assuming it is their right. Questions: 1.) What does the Duchess hope in time will grow into custom? 2.) In the quote above the word casket most nearly means: a.) a glass of water b.) coffin with a dead person in it c.) box with makeup and a comb d.) basket of fruit 3.) Do you agree with the Duchess that all men should ask for permission to sleep with their wives? 4.) What is the correct spelling of the following sentence? That makith so unhappy to foresee a.) That mak st so unhappy to foresee b.) That maks t so unhappy to foresee c.) That make st so unhappy to foresee d.) Correct as is

73 Act III Scene II Cell #2 Quote: Ferdinand: O most imperfect light of human reason, that mak st so unhappy to foresee what we can least prevent! Pursue they wishes and glory in them: there is no shame no comfort, but to be past all bounds, and sense of shame. Summary: Ferdinand is outraged at her sister for going against his wishes. He says it s a shame that she doesn t feel any shame about the whole situation. Questions: 1.) How does Ferdinand feel about knowing his sister is remarried? 2.) In the quote above the word foresee most nearly means: a.) to know beforehand b.) to take action c.) to believe d.) to act in an unkindly manner 3.) Was it right for the Duchess to go against her brothers wishes? 4.) What do you think Ferdinand will do when he finds out her mystery lover is Antonio?

74 Act III Scene II Cell #3 Quote: Duchess: Why should only I, of all other princes of the world, be cas d up like a holy relic? I have youth, and a little beauty. Ferdinand: So you have some virgins that are witches. I will never see thee no more. Summary: The Duchess asks Ferdinand, why she can t love because she is still young and beautiful. Ferdinand says that s no excuse, and tells her that he will never see her again. Questions: 1.) What are the reasons the Duchess gives, to why she should be able to love and marry again? 2.) In the quote above, the word cas d most nearly means: a.) hidden b.) locked up c.) pampered d.) polished 3.) Do you think the Duchess really cares if Ferdinand ever sees her again? 4.) What is the correct spelling of the following sentence? Our weak safety runs upon engenous wheels a.) Our weak safety runs upon engineous wheels b.) Our weak safety runs upon enginous wheels c.) Our weak safety runs upon ingenous wheels d.) Correct as is

75 Act III Scene II Cell #4 Quote: Duchess: The place that you must fly to is Ancona: hire a house there; I ll send after you my reassure and my jewels. Our week safety, runs upon enginous wheels: short syllables must stand for periods. I must now accuse you of such a feigned crime as Tasso calls Magnanima, Menzogna, a noble lie, cause it must shield over honours Hark! They are coming. Summary: The Duchess tells Antonio to hide and rent a house in Ancona, and she ll send him some money. The officers have arrived. So that no one suspects anything of their relationship, the Duchess must accuse Antonio of a crime. Questions: 1.) To where must Antonio flee? 2.) In the quote above the word feigned most nearly means a.) murderous b.) malice c.) ridiculous d.) false 3.) Do you think the Duchess should just tell everyone about Antonio? Why? 4.) Can you think of another example of when a woman lied to someone to protect her loved one?

76 Act III Scene II Cell #5 officers came to arrest Antonio, but the Duchess prevented that from happening Quote: Duchess: What do you think of these? Bosola: That these are rogues that in s prosperity, but to have waited on his fortune, could have wish d his dirty stirrings riveted through their noses, and follow d after s mule, like a bear in a ring; would have prostituted their daughters to his lust; made their first- born intelligencers; thought none happy, but such as were born under his blest planet. Summary: Duchess what to know what Bosola thinks of the officers. He says that they are liars and hypocrites who will stop at nothing to get a reward. Questions: 1.) What does Bosola call the officers? 2.) In the quote above the word rogues most nearly means: a.) kind noblemen b.) liars and hypocrites c.) wealthy merchants d.) filthy animals 3.) Do you think that Bosola believes that Antonio is her husband? 4.) What is the correct spelling of the following sentence? than depend on so changable a prince s favour a.) than depend on so changible a prince s favour

77 b.) than depend on so changeble a prince s favour c.) than depend on so changeable a prince s favour d.) Correct as is

78 Act III Scene II Cell #6- at this point the Duchess confides in Bosola and tells him everything Quote: Duchess: As I taste comfort in this friendly speech, so would I find concealment. Bosola: O. the secret of my prince, which I will wear on the inside of my heart! Duchess: You shall take charge of all my coins and jewels, and follow him; for he retires himself to Ancona. Summary: Duchess tells Bosola about Antonia and tells Bosola to go to Ancona to follow Antonia and look out for him. She does not suspect that he is a spy. Questions: 1.) What does the Duchess tell Bosola to do? 2.) In the quote above the word concealment means: a.) secret b.) boredom c.) comfort d.) friendship 3.) Do you think Bosola will keep it a secret? 4.) Can you think of an example of when a person confides in someone who is distrustful?

79 Act III Scene II Cell #7 Quote: Bosola: A politician is the devil s quilted anvil. He fashions all sins on him, and the blown are never heard. He may work in a lady s chamber, as here for proof. What rests but I reveal all to my lord? O, this base quality of intelligencer! Why, every quality I the world prefers but gain on commendation. Now, for this act I am certain to be rais d and men that paint weeds to life are praised. Summary: Bosola will tell Ferdinand about Duchess and Antonio. He is feeling witty and thinks his efforts should be praised and greatly rewarded. Questions: 1.) What is Bosola going to do? 2.) In the quote above, the word intelligencer most nearly means: a.) a teacher, a moron b.) an officer, a crook c.) a ladies man, d.) a spy, an informant 3.) Do you think Bosola deserves a great reward? Why? 4.) What will happen to the Duchess, now that Bosola will tell Ferdinand all he knows about the marriage to Antonio and where he is hiding?

80 The Duchess of Malfi: Act III, Scene iii- Cell 1: FERDINAND. This great Count Malatesti, I perceive, Hath got employment? DELIO. No employment, my lord; a marginal note in the muster-book, that he is a voluntary lord. FERDINAND. He s no soldier. That lightens ere it smokes. Summary: Ferdinand asks if the Count Malatesti has received an employment, which is an appointment post by the king. Delio replies that Malatesti did not get an employment, but Delio finds out something else about Malatesti. He finds out from a minor note in the muster-book, which is the registry for the army, that he is a voluntary lord. Ferdinand concludes that Malatesti is not a soldier. Reading Comprehension Question: What is the muster-book? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word perceive most closely means a.) to annoy b.) to observe c.) to eliminate d.) to kill Discussion Questions: -Why do you think Ferdinand asks if Malatesti received an employment? How do you think Delio obtained the muster-book?

81 Act III, Scene iii Cell 2: DELIO. He has worn gun-powder in s hollow tooth for the toothache. SILVIO. He comes to the leaguer with a full intent to eat fresh beef and garlic, means to stay till the scent be gone, and straight return to the court. Summary: Delio and Silvio are talking about Malatesti. Delio ridicules Malatesti for using gunpowder only for a toothache and not for fighting. Silvio says that Malatesti came to the army camp with a goal to eat the beef and garlic and stay until the food runs out. Then he would go back to the court. Reading Comprehension Question: What is the leaguer? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word intent most closely means a.) an objective b.) an occupation c.) a terrible idea d.) a hungry stomach Discussion Questions: -Do you really think that Malatesti used gunpowder only for a toothache and not for fighting? Why or why not? -Why would Malatesti go back to the court?

82 Act III, Scene iii Cell 3: DELIO. He hath read all the late service as the City-Chronicle relates it; and keeps two pewterers goings, only to express battles in model. SILVIO. Then he ll fight by the book. Summary: Delio and Silvio are still talking about Malatesti. Delio says that the Malatesti has read all the news about the battles. Malatesti also keeps two artists who make pewter toy soldiers because he only plays at war. Silvio then says that Malatesti s experience with war comes only from reading. Reading Comprehension Question: What are pewterers? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word hath closely means a.) to have owned an important item b.) to be understood c.) to have done something d.) to be followed Discussion Questions: -Why would the Cardinal read all the news about the battles? -What do you think it means when Silvio says that the Cardinal s experience with war comes only from reading?

83

84 Act III, Scene iv Cell 4: SECOND PILGRIM. The Cardinal of Arragon is this day to resign his cardinal s hat: His sister duchess likewise is arriv d to pay her vow of pilgrimage. I expect noble ceremony. FIRST PILGRIM. No question. They come. Summary: The second pilgrim says that the Cardinal will resign his church position only temporarily to command in the army. The Cardinal s sister, The Duchess of Malfi, was to arrive soon and pay her pledge of pilgrimage. The second pilgrim expects a noble instatement of the Cardinal as a soldier. The first pilgrim says that they are near. Reading Comprehension Question: What will the Duchess of Malfi do when she arrives? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word pilgrimage most closely means a.) a very large cathedral that was built by pilgrims. b.) a long journey made to a sacred place as an act of devotion c.) a ritual for Christopher Columbus s descendents d.) a short quest for finding your home Discussion Questions: -Why would the Cardinal resign his church position to command in the army? -How come the second pilgrim expects the Cardinal s ceremony to be noble?

85 Act III, Scene iv Cell 5: FIRST PILGRIM. But I would ask what power hath this state of Ancona to determine of a free prince? SECOND PILGRIM. They are a free-state, sir, and her brother shews how that the Pope, fore-hearing of her looseness, hath seiz d into th protection of the church the dukedom which she held as dowager. Summary: The first Pilgrim asks what powers the state of Ancona has for the independent ruler, the free prince, to make decisions with. The second pilgrim replies that Ancona is a free state and that it is unchastely. The second pilgrim also says that the state s ruler became the owner of the dukedom she received at the death of her first husband. Reading Comprehension Question: What state is the first pilgrim asking about? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word dukedom most closely means a.) the everyday schedule of a duke. b.) the kingdom of a duke c.) the office or rank of a duke d.) the dome of wonders for a duke Discussion Questions: -What powers would the state of Ancona have under an independent ruler? -Who do you think is the ruler and dowager of the state of Ancona?

86 Act III, Scene iv Cell 6: FIRST PILGRIM. Alas, Antonio! If that a man be thrust into a well, no matter who sets hand to t, his own weight will bring him sooner to th bottom. Come let s hence. Fortune makes this conclusion general, all things do help th unhappy man to fall. Summary: The first pilgrim feels sorry for Antonio and starts to say depressing things about him. He is saying that no matter what terrible situation he gets into, even if someone helps him, he will still fail. He somewhat says that luck is the downfall for some people. Reading Comprehension Question: Who does the first pilgrim fell sorry for? Vocabulary Question: In the quote above, the word thrust most closely means a.) Shoved or pushed b.) Angered or crazed c.) Taken or brought d.) Shaken or jumbled Discussion Questions: -Why would the first pilgrim say depressing things about Antonio? -Do you think luck is the downfall for some people? Why or why not?

87 Act III, scene V Cell 1 Antonio: the few loyal men who have stayed behind have promised to take your fortune Duchess: they were wise like the physicians that take the patient s money and kill them Antonio: yes Duchess: I had a dram last night Antonio: what? Duchess: I was wearing my coronet and suddenly all my diamonds turned into pearls Antonio: I think the pearls mean tears and you ll cry Questions: 1) what was the duchess dream about? A. cows B. her death at a party C. her diamonds turning into pearls D. her future marriage 2) what did her dream show? A. her wealth B. her happiness C. her sorrow D. her future 3) who promised to take the duchess fortune?

88 4) who were the people that took money and killed their clients?

89 Act V Cell 2 Bosola: this is from Ferdinand Duchess: bring Antonio here, he wants to kill you. I rather have his love than his money, and I believe it Bosola: what do you believe? Duchess: he doesn t believe my husband s love until he sees it Bosola: will you reject the nobles alliance of friendship? Duchess: they re only trying to get power Antonio: tell them I m not going Questions: 1) what does the duchess want instead of money? 2) what do nobles want? 3) did Antonio agree to go with the nobles?

90 Act III Scene V Cell 3 Duchess: I suspect an ambush. Take your oldest son and go to Milan. Don t put everyone in one boat Antonio: bye, since we have to part, hopefully it ll get better Duchess: leaving you is like seeing you dead; I hope we re together in heaven Antonio: good bye and be a good mother

91 Cell 4 Cariola: look, troops are coming towards us

92 Cell 5 Bosola: you mustn t see your husband anymore Duchess: Only God and break up our marriage Bosola: you gave into temptation instead of listening to your bother s warnings Duchess: where do I have to go? Bosola: to your palace, your brother just wants to protect you. Are these your children? Duchess: yes Bosola: can they talk? Duchess: no. but since they were cursed, their first language will be cursed

93 Act IV: Scene I Cell 1: Ferdinand and Bosola Cell 1: Ferdinand and Bosola Summary: Ferdinand inquires about the condition of his sister, the Duchess with Bosola and asks that he pass his message on to her. Questions: 1) The simile, Like English mastiffs that grow fierce with tying... refers to dogs restrained by their leashes. How is this simile related to the Duchess? a) the Duchess is a dog b) the Duchess imprisonment is like a leash c) the Duchess likes dogs 2) I will no longer study in the book of another s heart. What does study in the book mean? a) to figure out b) to turn a page c) to love 3) Considering the attitude the Duchess has toward ending her misery, what is a possible action the duchess may undertake? 4) I s it healthy for the Duchess to welcome the end of misery, rather than shun it?

94 Cell 2: A Message for the Duchess Summary: Bosola informs the Duchess that Ferdinand has come to visit her to reconcile and that the lights must be turned out. Questions: 1) Considering that Ferdinand says he wants to reconcile with the Duchess, is it appropriate for Ferdinand to request that the lights be kept away? 2) Why might Ferdinand ask for the lights to be off other than the reason he s given about keeping his vow? 3) What is the meaning of All comfort to your grace!? a) you are graceful b) I hope all is well c) Grace is comfortable 4) Why dost thou wrap thy poisoned pills in gold and sugar? is an example of what literary device? a) simile b) personification c) metaphor

95 Cell 3: Ferdinand and the Duchess Summary: Ferdinand insults his sister about her children whom he believes are illegitimate. The Duchess unknowingly takes a dead man s hand thinking it is Ferdinand s and realizes it isn t when the lights turn on. Questions: 1) How has Ferdinand violated a sacrament? a) he was not baptized b) he broke up a marriage c) he did not confess 2) Who today might be considered to be too much i th light? 3) What does Ferdinand give to the Duchess and what does the Duchess think it is? a) cat, dog b) a petition, a love letter c) an amputated hand, Ferdinand s hand 4) What is meant by The darkness suits you well? a) it s better in the dark because I cant see u b) the light can hurt your eyes c) your suit is dark

96 Cell 4: The Duchess and Bosola Summary: Artificial dead bodies of Antonio and his children are discovered behind the curtain. Bosola claims that Ferdinand did it to save her from unnecessary grief. The Duchess no longer thinks her life is of any value. Questions: 1) What is discovered behind the curtain and what are they made out of? a) cat and dog, fur b) bodies, wax c) window, glass 2) The Duchess reference to Portia conveys what emotions of the duchess? 3) Why is the servant s wish of long life for the duchess a curse? 4) Do men who fight in wars of today give mercy when they kill with speed?

97 Cell 5: Ferdinand and Bosola Summary: Ferdinand speaks of the success of his plan and how he will continue it while Bosola has second thoughts about his involvement and pities the Duchess. Questions: 1) What is the relation between Ferdinand and the Duchess and how does it make the plot more complicated? 2) Is it likely that Bosola will continue to perform the actions asked of him by Ferdinand? 3) What does Thy pity is nothing of kin to thee mean? a) pity does not suit you b) pity is your brother c) pity is kind 4) Is Antonio dead or alive?

98 Act IV, Scene 2 Cell 1: Quote- DUCHESS: What hideous noise was that? CARIOLA: 'Tis the wild consort Of madmen, lady, which your tyrant brother Hath plac'd about your lodging: this tyranny, I think, was never practic'd till this hour. DUCHESS: Indeed, I thank him: nothing but noise and folly Can keep me in my right wits; whereas reason And silence make me stark mad. Sit down; Discourse to me some dismal tragedy. CARIOLA: O, 'twill increase your melancholy. DUCHESS: Thou art deceiv'd: To hear of greater grief would lessen mine. This is a prison? CARIOLA: Yes, but you shall live To shake this durance off. DUCHESS: Thou art a fool: The robin red-breast and the nightingale Never live long in cages. CARIOLA: Pray, dry your eyes: What think you of, madam? DUCHESS: Of nothing; When I muse thus, I sleep. CARIOLA: Like a madman, with your eyes open? DUCHESS: Dost thou think we shall know one another In th'other world? CARIOLA: Yes, out of question.

99 Summary- The scene starts off with the Duchess asking Cariola what the noise she heard was. Cariola responds by saying it was the madmen her brother had let to stay in the house. The Duchess thinks that it is a good thing because the silence makes her go crazy and asks Cariola to tell her a sad story. Cariola refuses saying that it would increase the Duchess s sadness, but the Duchess persists, saying that hearing something sadder than her would lessen her burden, and asks if she was in prison. Cariola says yes it is a prison, but that the Duchess will live long enough to get out of it. The Duchess says she is a fool for thinking that and that no one lives very long in prison. Cariola then tells her to dry her tears and asks the Duchess what she is thinking of. The Duchess says nothing, and later asks Cariola if she thinks they ll see each other in the other world. Cariola says she does. 1. Why did the Duchess want to hear a sad story? 2. Was it right for the Duchess s brother to send madmen to the Duchess? 3. What do you think will happen to the madmen? 4. In the quote above the Duchess compares herself in prison to that of birds in a cage. What would this literary device be called? a. Euphony b. Simile c. Metaphor d. Amelioration

100 Cell 2: Quote- Enter SERVANT SERVANT: I am come to tell you, Your brother hath intended you some sport. A great physician, when the pope was sick Of a deep melancholy, presented him With several sorts of madmen, which wild object Being full of change and sport, forc'd him to laugh, And so th' imposthume broke: the selfsame cure The Duke intends on you. DUCHESS: Let them come in. Enter MADMEN SERVANT: There's a mad lawyer; and a secular priest; A doctor, that hath forfeited his wits By jealousy; an astrologian That in his works said, such a day o'th' month Should be the day of doom, and failing of't, Ran mad; an English tailor, craz'd i'th' brain With the study of new fashion; a gentleman usher, Quite beside himself with care to keep in mind The number of his lady's salutations, Or "How do you," she employ'd him in each morning; A farmer too, an excellent knave in grain, Mad 'cause he was hinder'd transportation; And let one broker that's mad loose to these, You'd think the devil were among them. DUCHESS: Sit, Cariola. Let them loose when you please, For I am chain'd to endure all your tyranny.

101 Summary- The servant enters the scene and says that the Duchess s brother sends her madmen to cheer her up after hearing that they cheered up the Pope when he was sick. The Duchess asks the Servant to sit down and asks Cariola to let the madmen loose whenever Cariola wanted to. 1. Why did the Duchess s brother send her madmen? 2. Was it right of Cariola to listen to the Duchess and set the madmen loose? 3. What do you think the madmen will do? 4. Would the doctors of today send madmen to patients in critical condition to make them feel better? Would you?

102 Cell 3: Quote- DUCHESS: Is he mad too? SERVANT: Pray question him. I'll leave you. Exit all but the DUCHESS and BOSOLA BOSOLA: I am come to make thy tomb. DUCHESS: Ha! my tomb? Thou speak'st, as if I lay upon my death-bed, Gasping for breath: dost thou perceive me sick? BOSOLA: Yes, and the more dangerously, since thy sickness Is insensible. DUCHESS: Thou art not mad, sure: dost thou know me? BOSOLA: Yes. DUCHESS: Who am I? BOSOLA: Thou art a box of worm-seed, at best but a salvatory Of green mummy. What's this flesh? a little cruded milk Fantastical puff-paste. Our bodies are weaker than those Paper prisons boys use to keep flies in; more contemptible, Since ours is to preserve earth-worms. Didst thou ever see A lark in a cage? Such is the soul in the body: this world Is like her little turf of grass, and the heaven o'er our heads, Like her looking-glass, only gives us a miserable knowledge Of the small compass of our prison. DUCHESS: Am not I thy Duchess? BOSOLA: Thou art some great woman, sure, for riot Begins to sit on thy forehead (clad in gray hairs) Twenty years sooner than on a merry milkmaid's. Thou sleepest worse than if a mouse Should be forced to take up her lodging in a cat's ear: A little infant that breeds its teeth, should it lie with thee, Would cry out, as if thou wert The more unquiet bedfellow.

103 DUCHESS: I am Duchess of Malfi still. BOSOLA: That makes thy sleep so broken: Glories, like glowworms afar off shine bright, But look'd to near, have neither heat nor light. DUCHESS: Thou art very plain. BOSOLA: My trade is to flatter the dead, not the living; I am a tomb-maker. DUCHESS: And thou com'st to make my tomb? BOSOLA: Yes. Summary- Bosola enters the scene like an old man while the Servant and madmen leave. Bosola tells the Duchess that he is her tomb maker. They start to talk about who the Duchess is and her situation. In the end the Duchess accepts that Bosola is her tomb maker. 1. Who was Bosola pretending to be? 2. Was it right of Bosola to pretend he was someone else? 3. What do you think Bosola will do to the Duchess? 4. In this cells Bosola says he is someone he isn t, how does this compare to the many ways people today pretend to be someone else through the many ways they can such as the internet?

104 Cell 4: Quote- BOSOLA: Now I shall: Enter Executioners with a coffin, cords, and a bell Here is a present from your princely brothers, And may it arrive welcome, for it brings Last benefit, last sorrow. DUCHESS: Let me see it: I have so much obedience in my blood, I wish it in their veins to do them good. BOSOLA: This is your last presence chamber. CARIOLA: O, my sweet lady! DUCHESS: Peace; it affrights not me. BOSOLA: I am the common bellman, That usually is sent to condemn'd persons The night before they suffer. DUCHESS: Even now thou said'st Thou wast a tomb-maker. BOSOLA: 'Twas to bring you By degrees to mortification. Listen: Rings the bell Hark, now everything is still, The screech-owl, and the whistler shrill, Call upon our dame aloud, And bid her quickly don her shroud! Much you had of land and rent; Your length in clay's now competent: A long war disturb'd your mind; Here your perfect peace is sign'd. Of what is't fools make such vain keeping? Sin their conception, their birth weeping;

105 Their life a general mist of error, Their death a hideous storm of terror. Strew your hair with powders sweet, Don clean linen, bathe your feet, And (the foul fiend more to check) A crucifix let bless your neck: 'Tis now full tide 'tween night and day; End your groan, and come away. CARIOLA: Hence, villains, tyrants, murderers! alas! What will you do with my lady? Call for help. DUCHESS: To whom, to our next neighbours? they are mad-folks. BOSOLA: Remove that noise. Summary- The executioners enter the scene and Bosola says that they were gifts sent to the Duchess by her brothers. The Duchess accepts it and says she isn t afraid. Cariola on the other hand doesn t accept it quietly and starts to curse them. 1. Who were the presents the Duchess received from? Who were the presents? 2. Was it right of the present senders to give such a gift? 3. What do you think will happen to the Duchess given the situation she is in? 4. Would we today reward Bosola on his dedication and determination to do the job he is asked to do?

106 Cell 5: Quote- DUCHESS: Farewell, Cariola. In my last will, I have not much to give: A many hungry guests have fed upon me; Thine will be a poor reversion. CARIOLA: I will die with her. DUCHESS: I pray thee, look thou giv'st my little boy Some syrup for his cold, and let the girl Say her prayers ere she sleep. CARIOLA is forced out Now what you please: What death? BOSOLA: Strangling; here are your executioners. DUCHESS: I forgive them: The apoplexy, catarrh, or cough o'th' lungs, Would do as much as they do. Summary- The Duchess says her good-bye to Cariola while Cariola refuses to leave and insists upon dying with her mistress. The Duchess gives her last requests to Cariola, and Cariola is forced out of the room by the executioners. The Duchess is then informed that she will be killed by strangulation. The Duchess says that she has forgiven the executioners because the many illnesses that she had would have killed her anyway. 1. How will the Duchess be killed? 2. Was it right to force Cariola out of the room when she wanted to stay? 3. Seeing that Bosola will do the job he is asked to do, what will happen to Cariola after the Duchess is killed? 4. Do events like this happen today? Where? When? Why?

107 Cell 6: Quote- BOSOLA: Doth not death fright you? DUCHESS: Who would be afraid on't, Knowing to meet such excellent company In th' other world? BOSOLA: Yet, methinks, The manner of your death should much afflict you; This cord should terrify you? DUCHESS: Not a whit: What would it pleasure me to have my throat cut With diamonds? or to be smothered With cassia? or to be shot to death with pearls? I know death hath ten thousand several doors For men to take their exits; and 'tis found They go on such strange geometrical hinges, You may open them both ways: any way, for heaven sake, So I were out of your whispering. Tell my brothers, That I perceive death, now I am well awake, Best gift is they can give, or I can take. I would fain put off my last woman's fault, I'd not be tedious to you. EXECUTIONERS: We are ready. DUCHESS: Dispose my breath how please you, but my body Bestow upon my women, will you? EXECUTIONERS: Yes. DUCHESS: Pull, and pull strongly, for your able strength, Must pull down heaven upon me: Yet stay, heaven gates are not so highly arch'd As princes' palaces; they that enter there Must go upon their knees. Come, violent death,

108 Serve for mandragora, to make me sleep: Go, tell my brothers, when I am laid out, They then may feed in quiet. They strangle her BOSOLA: Where's the waiting-woman? Fetch her: some other strangle the children. Enter CARIOLA Look you, there sleeps your mistress. Summary- Bosola and the Duchess talk about her death. The Duchess says she isn t afraid of death even in the way she is going to die because she knows that there is going to be better company in the afterlife. The executioners say they are ready and strangle her. Bosola then gives the orders to on of the executioners to call in Cariola and for the other to strangle the Duchess s children. 2. Why isn t the Duchess afraid of death even in the manner she is going to be killed? 3. Did the executioners do the right thing by listening to Bosola and strangling the Duchess? Why? 4. Where do you think the story is leading to now that the Duchess has been strangled? 5. How can the event of the strangulation be compared to that of the violent issues of today?

109 Cell 7: Quote- CARIOLA: O, you are damn'd Perpetually for this! My turn is next; Is't not so order'd? BOSOLA: Yes, and I am glad You are so well prepar'd for't. CARIOLA: You are deceiv'd, sir, I am not prepared for't; I will not die: I will first come to my answer, and know How I have offended. BOSOLA: Come, dispatch her. You kept her counsel, now you shall keep ours. CARIOLA: I will not die, I must not; I am contracted To a young gentleman. EXECUTIONERS: Here's your wedding-ring. CARIOLA: Let me but speak with the duke; I'll discover Treason to his person. BOSOLA: Delays: throttle her. EXECUTIONERS: She bites and scratches. CARIOLA: If you kill me now, I am damn'd; I have not been at confession This two years. BOSOLA: When? CARIOLA: I am quick with child. BOSOLA: Why then, Your credit's sav'd. They strangle her Bear her into the next room; Let this lie still.

110 Summary- Cariola is brought back into the room where she is showed the Duchess s body and informed that she will also be executed. Cariola says she isn t ready to die after Bosola says she is. She then starts to give excuses so they won t kill her, saying that she is engaged, then that she hasn t been to confession and that she is pregnant. They strangle her not believing a word she says. The executioners take her body to the next room while they leave the Duchess. 1.What were some of the excuses Cariola gave so the executioners wouldn t kill her? 2. Is it right for any person to act so mercilessly? 3. How do you think the Duchess s brothers will explain her death? 4. Would women today be executed while they are pregnant? Did they or didn t they in the past? How have the times changed? 5. What other story read this term included a plea to avoid a death penalty by excuse of pregnancy? Did that plea work? Would it today?

111 Cell 8: Quote- FERDINAND: Is she dead? BOSOLA: She is what You'd have her. But here begin your pity: Shows the children strangled Alas! how have these offended? FERDINAND: The death Of young wolves is never to be pitied. BOSOLA: Fix your eye here. FERDINAND: Constantly. BOSOLA: Do you not weep? Other sins only speak; murder shrieks out: The element of water moistens the earth, But blood flies upwards and bedews the heavens. FERDINAND: Cover her face; mine eyes dazzle: she died young. BOSOLA: I think not so; her infelicity Seem'd to have years too many. FERDINAND: She and I were twins; And should I die this instant, I had liv'd Her time to a minute. BOSOLA: It seems she was born first: You have bloodily approv'd the ancient truth, That kindred commonly do worse agree Than remote strangers. Summary- Ferdinand enters the scene and asks Bosola if his sister is dead. Bosola says yes she is and asks what her children had done to deserve death. Ferdinand says that their deaths aren t to be pitied; however during the rest of the conversation Ferdinand begins to pity his sister s death saying that she was too young to die.

112 1. What does Ferdinand ask as he enters the scene? 2. Was it right for Ferdinand to act so coldly towards the Duchess children s death? 3. What do you think Ferdinand will do next? 4. Do the characters in the play differ greatly from the people of today?

113 Cell 9: Quote- FERDINAND: Let me see her face again. Why didst not thou pity her? What an excellent Honest man might'st thou have been If thou hadst born her to some sanctuary; Or, bold in a good cause, oppos'd thyself, With thy advanced sword above thy head, Between her innocence and my revenge. I bad thee, when I was distracted of my wits, Go kill my dearest friend, and thou hast done't. For let me but examine well the cause: What was the meanness of her match to me? Only I must confess I had a hope, Had she continu'd widow, to have gain'd An infinite mass of treasure by her death; And that was the main cause -- her marriage! That drew a stream of gall quite through my heart. For thee, as we observe in tragedies That a good actor many times is curs'd For playing a villain's part, I hate thee for't, And for my sake say thou hast done much ill, well. BOSOLA: Let me quicken your memory, for I perceive You are falling into ingratitude; I challenge The reward due to my service. FERDINAND: I'll tell thee What I'll give thee. BOSOLA: Do. FERDINAND: I'll give thee a pardon For this murder.

114 BOSOLA: Ha! FERDINAND: Yes, and 'tis The largest bounty I can study to do thee. By what authority didst thou execute This bloody sentence? BOSOLA: By yours. FERDINAND: Mine? Was I her judge? Did any ceremonial form of law, Doom her to not being? Did a complete jury Deliver her conviction up i'th' court? Where shalt thou find this judgment register'd, Unless in hell? See, like a bloody fool, Th' hast forfeited thy life, and thou shalt die for't. Summary- Ferdinand pities his sister s death and starts to blame Bosola for it. He also admits that he had hoped to gain her money by her death. Bosola, seeing that Ferdinand is being ungrateful, asks Ferdinand to give him his money for doing his job. Ferdinand refuses to give anything except a pardon for the Duchess s murder. Bosola says that the murder wasn t his fault and that Ferdinand had asked him to do it. Ferdinand says that he doesn t have the authority to say who is to be killed and who isn t. The two continue to argue about Bosola s payment and the death of the Duchess. 1. Who does Ferdinand blame for his sister s death? 2. Was it right for Ferdinand to refuse to give Bosola his payment for having the Duchess killed when he was the one that asked Bosola to do it? 3. What do you think will happen between Ferdinand and Bosola in the rest of the story? 4. How does the event of Ferdinand refusing to pay Bosola similar to people who break their promises today?

115 Cell 10: Quote- BOSOLA: He's much distracted. Off, my painted honor! While with vain hopes our faculties we tire, We seem to sweat in ice and freeze in fire. What would I do, were this to do again? I would not change my peace of conscience For all the wealth of Europe. She stirs; here's life: Return, fair soul, from darkness, and lead mine Out of this sensible hell: She's warm, she breathes: Upon thy pale lips I will melt my heart, To store them with fresh colour. Who's there? Some cordial drink! Alas! I dare not call: So pity would destroy pity. Her eye opes, And heaven in it seems to ope, that late was shut, To take me up to mercy. DUCHESS: Antonio! BOSOLA: Yes, madam, he is living; The dead bodies you saw, were but feign'd statues; He's reconcil'd to your brothers; the Pope hath wrought The atonement. DUCHESS: Mercy! She dies BOSOLA: O, she's gone again! there the cords of life broke. O, sacred innocence, that sweetly sleeps On turtles' feathers, whilst a guilty conscience Is a black register, wherein is writ All our good deeds and bad, a perspective That shows us hell! That we cannot be suffer'd To do good when we have a mind to it!

116 This is manly sorrow; These tears, I am very certain, never grew In my mother's milk. My estate is sunk Below the degree of fear: where were These penitent fountains, while she was living? O, they were frozen up! Here is a sight As direful to my soul, as is the sword Unto a wretch hath slain his father. Come, I'll bear thee hence, And execute thy last will; that's deliver Thy body to the reverend dispose Of some good women: that, the cruel tyrant Shall not deny me. Then I'll post to Milan, Where somewhat I will speedily enact Worth my dejection. Exit Summary- Bosola is talking about how he wouldn t change his mind like Ferdinand after a task is done. The Duchess stirs! He says that he can t call for help because Ferdinand might come and finish the job. The Duchess calls for Antonio and Bosola says that Antonio is living and that the dead bodies she saw were made of wax and that the differences between her brothers and Antonio have been settled. The Duchess dies after saying, Mercy! After she dies Bosola pities her and weeps for her death. He says he will do the last thing she asked for which was to give her body to her women. After he has done that he says he will go to Milan. 1. Why did Bosola not call for help when the Duchess stirred? 2. Was it right for him to ask for the money Ferdinand owed him for doing his job when he regrets doing it? 3. What do you think he will do in Milan? 4. Are the emotions Bosola portrays similar to what we would have showed if we had been in a similar situation today?

117 Act V, Scene I Cell #1 Reconcilement? Fat Chance Antonio Delio Nice Letters Excerpt: ANTONIO. What think you of my hope of reconcilement To the Arragonian brethren? DELIO. I misdoubt it; For though they have sent their letters of safe-conduct For your repair to Milan, they appear But nets to entrap you. The Marquis of Pescara, Under whom you hold certain land in cheat, Much 'gainst his noble nature hath been mov'd To seize those lands; and some of his dependants Are at this instant making it their suit To be invested in your revenues. I cannot think they mean well to your life That do deprive you of your means of life, Your living. ANTONIO. You are still an heretic To any safety I can shape myself.

118 Synopsis: Antonio and Delio meet. Antonio asks Delio if he thinks his plan to make up to the Arragonians in Milan will succeed. Delio tells him that it is most likely they are plotting to take everything he has, despite the nice letters they have been sending him. Antonio reminds Delio that he is still considered a threat himself. Questions: 1. What would letters of safe-conduct be? a) Letters promising gifts b) Letters promising protection c) Letters demanding gifts d) Letters demanding protection 2. Is it okay for the Arragonians to send a bunch of false letters? 3. How might a meeting be held today, and how would it be different from in the play? 4. What might happen if Antonio takes the trip to Milan?

119 Act V, Scene 1 Cell #2 I'd love to give it to you, but no Hey, can I have Antonio's land? Pescara Delio Excerpt: DELIO. Here comes the marquis: I will make myself Petitioner for some part of your land, To know whither it is flying. ANTONIO. [Withdraws.] I pray, do. [Enter PESCARA] DELIO. Sir, I have a suit to you. PESCARA. To me? DELIO. An easy one: There is the Citadel of Saint Bennet, With some demesnes, of late in the possession Of Antonio Bologna,--please you bestow them on me.

120 PESCARA. You are my friend; but this is such a suit, Nor fit for me to give, nor you to take. Synopsis: In an effort to find out if Antonio s land is being stolen behind his back, Delio decides to masquerade as someone looking to take a plot of Antonio s land, and he goes to the marquis, Pescara, pretending to want the Citadel of Saint Bennet. However, Pescara tells him that it s not his decision to make. Questions: 1. Why does Delio pretend to be seeking Antonio s land? a) He wants to see if Antonio s land is being partitioned b) He wants to find out what the price would be c) He wants to annoy Pescara d) He wants to see what plots are up for grabs 2. Is it justified to lie in order to get important information? 3. How hard would it be to take someone s house or property secretly today? 4. What might Delio say if Pescara had told him that the land was his to take?

121 Act V, Scene II Cell #3 Well, that's just not right Doctor Arf! Arf! Excerpt: PESCARA. Pray thee, what 's his disease? DOCTOR. A very pestilent disease, my lord, They call lycanthropia. PESCARA. What 's that? I need a dictionary to 't. DOCTOR. I 'll tell you. In those that are possess'd with 't there o'erflows Such melancholy humour they imagine Themselves to be transformed into wolves; Steal forth to church-yards in the dead of night, And dig dead bodies up: as two nights since One met the duke 'bout midnight in a lane Behind Saint Mark's church, with the leg of a man Upon his shoulder; and he howl'd fearfully; Said he was a wolf, only the difference Was, a wolf's skin was hairy on the outside, His on the inside; bade them take their swords, Rip up his flesh, and try. Straight I was sent for,

122 And, having minister'd to him, found his grace Very well recover'd. Synopsis: Pescara asks to see the doctor s patient (Ferdinand), and also asks what the disease the patient has is. The doctor responds that the patient has lycanthropia, a disease that causes him to enter phases where he thinks he is a wolf and raids cemeteries. On one occasion the patient was found in the street by the Duke, who called the doctor to cure him. Questions: 1. The patient s disease a) Makes him convulse into spasms b) Makes him break out in hives c) Makes him bite himself d) Makes him think he is a wolf 2. How should a person with such a bizarre disease be treated? 3. What kind of care would a person with lycanthropia receive today? 4. What consequences will the patient s behavior have?

123 Act V, Scene II Cell #4 Aghhhh!!!!! Ferdinand Excerpt: FERDINAND. Eagles commonly fly alone: they are crows, daws, and starlings that flock together. Look, what 's that follows me? MALATESTI. Nothing, my lord. FERDINAND. Yes. MALATESTI. 'Tis your shadow. FERDINAND. Stay it; let it not haunt me. MALATESTI. Impossible, if you move, and the sun shine. FERDINAND. I will throttle it. [Throws himself down on his shadow.] MALATESTI. O, my lord, you are angry with nothing.

124 Summary: Malatesti visits Ferdinand. Ferdinand asks Malatesti what follows him, to which Malatesti replies Nothing. Ferdinand agrees, but then Malatesti points out that Ferdinand is followed by his shadow. Ferdinand asks Malatesti to get rid of his shadow, which Malatesti tells him is impossible, at which point Ferdinand flings himself to the floor and attacks his shadow. Malatesti tells him he is upset over nothing. 1. When Ferdinand tells Malatesti to stay his shadow, he means a) Stop the shadow b) Get rid of the shadow c) Make the shadow bigger d) Cover the shadow 2. Is it okay for Malatesti to allow Ferdinand to get so worked up? 3. Would someone do something as bizarre as attacking your own shadow in front of someone today? 4. How will Malatesti deal with Ferdinand s sudden burst of rage?

125 Act V, Scene II Cell #5 Ferdinand Gah! Off with the beard! Let's use quack medicine! Doctor Malatesti Excerpt: DOCTOR. Now let me come to him.--are you mad, my lord? are you out of your princely wits? FERDINAND. PESCARA. What 's he? Your doctor. FERDINAND. Let me have his beard saw'd off, and his eye-brows fil'd more civil. DOCTOR. I must do mad tricks with him, for that s the only way on 't.--i have brought your grace a salamander's skin to keep you from sun-burning. FERDINAND. I have cruel sore eyes. DOCTOR. The white of a cockatrix's egg is present remedy. FERDINAND. Let it be a new-laid one, you were best. Hide me from him: physicians are like kings,--

126 They brook no contradiction. Summary: The doctor meets with Ferdinand and asks him if he is crazy. Ferdinand, at first confused, then demands that the doctor shave his face. The doctor, in an effort to get into Ferdinand s head, begins to propose treating him with quack remedies. Ferdinand plays along but asks Malatesti for protection, since he believes the doctor will not accept any rebuttal. Questions: 1. What does contradiction mean in this passage? a) Disagreement b) Hate c) Confusion d) Conflict 2. What could the doctor use to justify his strange proposals to use quack medicine? 3. Would a modern-day doctor be as loosely restrained and as willing to mess around with a patient? 4. What will Malatesti do in light of the doctor s strange behavior?

127 Cell #1: Act V, Scene iii DELIO: This fortification grew from the ruins of an Ancient abbey; And to yond side o th river lies a wall, piece of a cloister, which in my opinion Gives the best echo that you ever heard. Summary: Outside of the Cardinal s home, Antonio and Delio are at the ruins of an ancient Abbey, and Delio tells Antonio that past the river, There is a wall that gives the best echo that sounds Like a sad spirit. 1. What is an abbey? a. a school b. a hospital c. a monastery d. a library 2. What did Antonio and Delio hear? a. a ghostly echo b. the Cardinal s conversation c. the water moving in the river d. Julia screaming 3. What examples in this section can be used as proof for revenge tragedy conventions of the play? a. reference to ancient ecclesiastical buildings b. ghostly voices c. Delio s speech d. There are no revenge tragedy conventions. 4. In modern times, do people view ancient ruins in the same

128 respectful way as Delio and Antonio viewed the ancient abbey ruins?

129 Cell #2: Act V, Scene iii ANTONIO: Tis very like my wife s voice. Summary: While Antonio and Delio talk, an echo from the Duchess grave repeats various phrases that Antonio says, which Delio thinks are good counsel. When the echo tells Antonio to not see the duchess anymore, he is saddened and says that living with sorrow like he is living his an abuse of life, and says from that from there Forward he will just Lose all, or nothing. Questions: 1. Fill in the blank: Lose all, or a. nothing b. something c. everything d. none of the above 2. What is a falconer? a. someone who is incapable of loving b. someone who hunts with raptors c. someone who gives to the poor d. someone who has dead children 3. In the passage: Hark! The dead stones seem to have pity on you dead stones means what? a. grave b. dead people c. the heavens d. hell

130 4. What support does Antonio asking a question to the echo (Shall I never see her more?) give to a claim of the theme or writing style in this play?

131 Cell #3: Act V, Scene iv CARDINAL: I pray, all to bed; and though you hear him In his violent fit, do not rise, I entreat you It may be, To make a trial of your promise, when he s asleep, myself Will rise and feign some of his mad tricks, and cry out For help, and feign myself in danger. Summary: The cardinal asks his servants, Pescara, Malatesti, Grisolan and Roderigo that they do not have to wait up with him At night, and makes them promise that no matter what happens And even if he cries for help, they should not get up and serve him. When the servants leave, Cardinal reveals that he sent his Servants away so he could have privacy to bury Julia, and kill Bosola once he fetches Julia s body. Questions: 1. Who is Roderigo? a. A servant to the Cardinal. b. A servant to Julia. c. A servant to Antonio. d. A servant to Delio. 2. What is the definition of feign (Ferdinand: And feign myself in danger.)? a. To announce. b. To give a false appearance of. c. To realize. d. To know. 3. How do you predict that the Cardinal will kill Bosola? 4. Is it wrong for the Cardinal to kill Bosola, even though Bosola has killed others as well?

132 Cell #4: Act 5, Scene iv BOSOLA: My death is plotted... Summary: Bosola overhears the Cardinal and Ferdinand talking about killing him. Ferdinand suggests that they strangle Bosola because it s a quiet death. Bosola believes that their wanting to kill him is the consequence of his black deeds. Questions: 1. How does Ferdinand suggest they should kill Bosola? a. strangling b. gun shot b. poison d. drowning 2. What does Bosola mean when she says black Deeds must be cur d with death.? a. the punishment for her witchcraft is death b. her loving of someone ends in death c. her murderous deeds end in her death d. she will be punished because of the Cardinal s doings 3. If Bosola hadn t overheard the plotting of her murder, do you still think that she would have had a chance at surviving? Why or why not? 4. In modern times, what would one do if they heard the plotting Of their own death, and what proof would they need for this kind of accusation?

133 Cell #5: Act V; Scene iv The man I would have sav d bove mine own Life! We are merely the stars tennis balls, struck And banded which way please them. Summary: When a servant brings Antonio to reconcile with the Cardinal, Bosola mistakes him for the Cardinal and stabs him. When Bosola realizes what She has done, she is very shocked and saddened. Bosola tells Antonio that two of his children and the Duchess have been murdered. When Antonio hears this, he says that he no longer has a reason to live, and asks that he is commended to Delio and that his son is put as duke. Questions: 1. What does misprision mean in the context: O direful Misprision!, said by Bosola. a. event b. person c. mistake d. death 2. What theme is conveyed in this quote by Bosola: We are merely the stars tennis balls, struck And banded which way please them. a. religious faith b. tragedy c. revenge d. fate 3. How would events in the story be different if Bosola had seen Antonio come in, and had not mistaken him for the Cardinal? 4. Today, what is the reaction from the public if someone

134 accidentally killed someone? Is the general public faithful that it was an accident?

135 Cell #6: Act V, Scene v BOSOLA: Thus it lightens into actions: I am Come to kill thee. Summary: Bosola enters the scene with the servant And Antonio s body, while Cardinal is talking about Hell. Bosola says that he has come to kill him, and he Refuses the Cardinal s offer of revenues. Questions: 1. Which is the correct spelling: a. consceince b. conscience c. connscence d. conscience 2. What does tedious mean? a. progressing very slowly b. fatal at midnight c. harmful to a corpse d. funny but a waste of time 3. Is it moral for Bosola to kill the Cardinal considering what the Cardinal has done? Is it never moral to kill another human being? If yes, under what circumstances is it moral? 4. How would the story be different if Bosola and Cardinal compromised, and neither of them was killed?

136 Cell #7: Act V, Scene v GRISOLAN: He doth his pretty well; But it will not serve to laugh me out of mine honour. Summary: The cardinal s servants, Grisolan, Roderigo, Malatesti, and Pescara here the Cardinal shouting for Help below, but Roderigo, Grisolan, and Malatesti just Think that the Cardinal is testing them, so they ignore Him and go to bed. Pescara thinks that the accent of His [the cardinal s] voice sound not in jest, so he is the Only servant to Go down to the scene with the Cardinal. Questions: 1. What is a jest? a. a dangerous situation b. a prank b. an ocean d. a brave soldier 2. How might the story be different if all of the Cardinal s servants had believed him and went down to help him immediately? 3. Which is the correct spelling? a. countterfeiting b. counterfeting b. counterfieting d. counterfeiting 4. What reaction do you predict the servants will Have when they find out what really occurred?