English Settlements Virginia Company: Group of English merchants who secured a charter from king to develop land in new world Jamestown, 1607 1 st permanent SUCCESSFUL settlement/joint-stock colony John Smith: leader of Jamestown Virginia Company: Opportunity to make $ in selling of land to settlers Hard times: see next slides Powhatan: Indian Tribe helped/attacked colonists Starving Time Powhatan killed colonists livestock/destroyed their crops Led to famine 600 to 60 survive Now what? Needed laws/government over there so they set up the 1 st representative democracy in the Americas
Basic daily rations for each traveler on the ship to Jamestown included: dried hardtack (biscuits that were baked until all moisture was removed) salted, dried or pickled meats and fish Cheese oatmeal or barley a gallon of beer or wine. In bad weather, no cooking was allowed on board the ships, so the settlers soaked the biscuits in water to make them edible. Cheese and cold pickled meats completed these meals Lack of fresh water also contributed to the many dead
This charter included all lands in North Carolina not occupied by Spanish or French These people founded the first English settlement. Named it JAMESTOWN! Jamestown- 1st successful English settlement, 1607 (20 years after lost colony)
Hard times- b/c no real workers Don t know the land/how to farm Disease again No food Powhatan- Indian tribe English received their help But as #s grew, so did tensions and Powhatan ATTACKED! COOL FACTS/FYI: Despite these rocky beginnings, Powhatan did exhibit trust of the newcomers when he allowed his sons and at least one daughter (Pocahontas) to travel to and from the settlement. The English needed the Indians --corn, venison, and fish Indians guaranteed their survival by supplying them.
More colonists do come, now what? Remember, they are all loyal to England and the king. Only here for adventure, money, advancement Establish some sort of government to be in place locally! 1st democratic gov t- House of Burgesses! -more colonists Jamestown -1 st democratic gov t ***House of Burgesses: Needed laws/government over there so they set up the 1 st representative democracy in the Americas -tobacco as a cash crop John Rolfe Pocahontas -headright system 50 acres to each new colonist -indentured servants -first slaves imported
2 representatives from each town/community to represent the people 12 men Helped make laws/bring order to this area Remember, leader is sitting on a throne in England. *** marked the beginning of colonial selfgovernment!*** 1 st REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY!!!
Tobacco as a ca$h crop- Grown for trade and profit John Rolfe-crossbred with a Brazilian form. Everyone loved it. Married Pocahantas Attraction, but also allowed for peace treaty between the Powhatans and colonists.
Pocahontas-married around 17 Married Rolfe in a Christian ceremony (changed her name to Rebecca) 1614 d.-1617
Clash with Indians -desire for land led to conflicts -European feelings of superiority -no intermarriage with Indians groups -fought wars with Powhatan Indians -Virginia becomes royal colony so that King s Army can protect settlers
First Rebellion -Indian dispute on the frontier -Colonists ask for protection from Virginia Gov t, but were denied..man up Bacon was so angry he marched on Jamestown -Nathaniel Bacon led the frontier colonists in a rebellion against the Virginia gov t and was defeated**called Bacon s Rebellion -showed signs of discontent with leadership Problem: fighting Indians and now fighting each other.
Religious Reasons -Henry VIII begins the Anglican Church (Protestant) church in 1534 He was Catholic, officially changes English religion forever! When you think Puritans, think old strict church lady -Reformers want to rid the church of all Roman Catholic traditions -Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England Literal interpretation of the bible individual and congregational control of religion NO DRINKING OR SWEARING! **left b/c of this. Considered RELIGIOUS DISSENTERS!
Think Pilgrims, think Pilgrims -Pilgrims also called Separatists because they wanted to practice their own religion -Plymouth Mass. 1620 -Mayflower Compact set up direct democracy for the colony *leads to tradition of town meetings. EVERYONE is DIRECTLY involved. -colony struggled but received Indian help to grow crops Thanksgiving 1621 Squanto, cool Indian friend -William Bradford Pilgrim leader/governor Of Plymouth Plantation
Massachusetts Bay Company -Puritans -John Winthrop -City on a Hill be an example to the world everyone is watching, oh and GOD. -connection between church and state RELIGION and GOVERNMENT NEED TO BE TOGETHER! -strict adherence to Puritan rules
People should be able to believe/worship in their own way. There is NO room for RELIGION in GOVERNMENT! Puritan Dissent -Roger Williams Separation of Church and State exiled from the colony fled and founded Providence R.I. -Anne Hutchinson belief in individual worship banished in famous trial fled to R.I. Separation of church and state and individual worship!
Indian Resistance -some cooperation but short lived -disease, land, and religion caused disputes -Pequot War, 1637 massacre of Indians: 500+ men/women/children Puritans of Massachusetts Bay spread further into Connecticut, (CT) they came into increasing conflict with the Pequots, a war-like tribe centered on the Thames River in SE CT -King Philip s War: King Philip's War of 1675-1676 (also known as Metacom's Rebellion) marked the last major effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive out the English settlers. lots of deaths on both sides but colonists win and Indian resistance fades
Read the Jamestown/Plymouth Compare and Contrast Article Create a Venn Diagram of these two early colonies 10 contrasting facts for each 4 similarities 3 illustrations for each side Jamestown Plymouth