Module 4: The Early Middle Ages Lesson 1: The Byzantine Empire Characteristics Lasted from 330 to 1453; 1400 years Considered themselves ( ), not Byzantines Very impressive militarily, political flexibility, and had a role in the critical of the ancient world and the modern world Justinian (527-565) parts of North Africa, Italy & Spain Wanted to restore to its former Glory Absolute and Head of the Code - Rebuilt Built Nika Revolt Hippodrome between fans Government responded Riot turned into a Theodora Justinian s Advised Justinian not to Urged Justinian to change law to affect (divorce, land etc) The Empire Falls The Plague- in 542 people died every day (reoccurrences until 700) from East & West By it was extremely small 1
The Church Divides Christianity began to differently in the East and the West of the Roman Empire. So in 1054 the West and East Church split. East-Eastern West-Roman The Great Schism 1054 Roman Catholic No married allowed Icons accepted Roman - supreme church authority claims authority over all kings and emperors Holy combines both Father & Son (Trinity) is not permitted Eastern Orthodox Married allowed Icons initially rejected, later accepted The and bishops head Church as a group claims authority over the patriarch and other bishops Maintained supremacy of the in the Trinity is allowed under certain conditions Windows in to Heaven - image or likeness (symbol) 2
Lesson 2 Early Russia Russia s Birth & City of becomes Orthodox converted to Christianity Kiev s Power & Decline Ties to through trade and religion Yaroslav the Greater glory (Vladimir s son) Used to form alliances Built first in Kiev Kiev s Decline Kingdom after Yaroslav s death disrupted trade (1240-1480) occupation until Ivan III European Middle Ages 500 1500 Lesson 3: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Kingdoms 400 AD 700 AD Farmers & Herders No or laws Carved up - most successful Germanic group - king of the Franks, converted to Christianity Monks and Nuns Could withdraw from life to monasteries and convents Christianize and educate areas 3
Benedictine Rule 520- Benedict made rules for & that established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church Took oath of Main duties- & worship Also manual - worked fields 590 under Gregory I,the papacy became a power Charles Martel swept from the Middle East Battle of (732) - Frankish warriors defeated Muslim army. between two religions The Age of Charlemagne In 800, his stretched across France, Germany & Italy. Encouraged Pope Leo III Called on to help with rebellious Romans was crowned emperor Eastern Roman emperor thought this was Widened the between Eastern & Western Rome Charlemagne s Heirs Charlemagne died in 814 & empire fell apart 843- Treaty of - split the empire into 3 parts. Lesson 4: Feudalism and the Manor Economy Vikings Expert sailors & fighters from and burned cities - wanted resources They were also traders and 1000 A.D.- set up a Viking colony on N. America New Attacks Late 800 s - Muslims captured 896- Magyars invaded Europe & eventually settled modern day 4
A New System of Rule The Manor Manor - lord s Peasants & serfs were bound to the Worked for lord in return for The Manor was Daily Life Peasants - life was Worked hours Ate foods common in winter Celebrated marriages, births etc. Attended Believed in, love potions, magic charms, witches The Age of Chivalry Chivalry - a code of Brave, loyal, true to and, generous to enemies protected and cherished The World of Warriors - warrior on horseback At age sent to lord s castle for training Dubbed knight at age Tournaments & contests: Why? 5
Castles Lords homes to withstand attack High wall, towers, drawbridges, & Stored food and water to withstand long Noblewomen became the lord of the manor while husband off fighting Duties: spin & weave cloth & supervise Expected to have many children and be loyal to her 6