Islam By: Mr. Galfayan, Ms. Tejeda Olvera, Mr. Soto 5th Grade Textbook
The Spread of a Culture Imagine you are in a city filled with many different cultures and the religion of Islam in the mid-1100s. A man named Muhammad, who had some teachings from god (Allah in their language) had died. So, people in his group started to say that a man named Abu Bakr (ub-boo-bak-uhr) was called to be caliph(kay-luhf). A caliph is a person who has the biggest leadership in a group for the Muslims(Mus-lim). He did not have the religious leadership, he had the political and military leadership. So, instead of teaching people the religion of Islam, he fought for land and convert them to the religion of Islam. He conquered some lands with him, but he died in August 23, 634 A.D. in Medina, Saudi Arabia due to illness. These are the regions conquered by the muslims Picture of Abu Bakr
Before Abu Bakr died to illness, he was able to take land from people and convert them to the religion of Islam. Bakr and his Muslim army were able to conquer the Byzantine (By-zan-tine) and Persian empire. They were able to complete the great goal because both of these empires were not able to defend their territory due to weak armies. They had the weak armies because the army got weak due to the several battles both have had in the past. Later on, they were able to conquer Syria and started the Pact of Umar, which was named after the second caliph. The Pact of Umar of is a treaty between to people with similarities in their religions, Muslims and Christianity. Once the Muslim were able to take control of Arabia, the Muslims made it a Muslim unified state. Land conquered by the Muslim during the rise of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. Picture of The Pact of Umar
Muslim were able to take over other lands, which gave the, the acces to spread the religion of Islam. Because of them conquering Arabia, the merchants they got access to and the crossroads they built, which could travel to South Asia, Europe, and Africa. One example of this trade was when some Muslim merchants or traders were able to teach some practices, teachings, and beliefs of Islam to people from India. The reason of this trade is that these Islamic merchants brought some teaching and beliefs of Islam to other lands. So when they took over other lands, they would change their religion to Islam, but they did not make all of the people s different religions go away. They had tolerance of the different religions, like the Jews and Christianity. The crossroads of Arabia the muslim merchants used for their trade. Tolerance: Acceptance
The Ottoman(Ot-to-man) Empire lasted until 1299 to 1453 and control most of the land of Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the mid-1200s, Muslims Turkish (Turk-ish) warriors (referred as the Ottoman) had invaded the land of the Christian Byzantine Empire. Once in control, the Muslims they started rounding-up all the Christian boys and turn them into soldiers. They would also make the Christians flower the Islamic laws. Safavids had land in the east and were Persian Muslims. In the past, they had many different conflicts.one conflict was between the Ottoman. Even if they are both Muslims, they had different thoughts. They did not agree on each side on who should the next caliph and so, to different groups started; the Sunni and the Shia. Shia: A Muslim group that believed that family members of Muhammad can only be caliph Sunni: They believed that you don t have to be a part of Muhammad s family to become caliph. Ottoman soldiers in 1453 Land controlled by the Safavids.
Are you wondering how the Safavids gain and expand their land until 1524? In 1501, a Safavid leader by the name of Esma il (Is-ma-il) took land from Persia and took the place of shad. Shad is a arabic (Ar-a-bic) word that means ruler or king. He forced the people he controlled to become Shias, but this was a huge problem. His advisors were Sunnis which is a group of people that believe that you do not have to be part of Muhammad s family to become caliph; Shia is the opposite of this belief. Esma il dreamed of taking land from other muslims and make them believe in Shia. So, he went into battle with the Uzbeks (Uz-becks) in the north, but the Ottomans helped the Uzbeks and defeated Esma il. In 1524, Esma il died and the next ruler made the empire fall to it s knees. Facts and picture of the Safavid leader: Esma il.
Mr. Galfayan QUIZ TIME 1) What type of Muslim were the Ottoman Empire people? 2) What type of Muslim were the Safavids? 3) How did trade impact the growth of the empire of Islam? 4) Who was Abu Bakr, and what is a caliph? ANSWERS 1) The Ottoman people were Sunni muslim. 2) The Safavids were Shia muslim. 3) When Baghdad became a crossroad for trade, the city became very wealthy, and so did the civilization. 4) Abu Bakr was Muhammad s friend and father-in-law, he was also a calpih. A caliph is a successor of Muhammad.