THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME XCV THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 19107 1971
CONTENTS ARTICLES Page Conscience, The Quaker Community, and the French and Indian War Jack D. Marietta 3 The Campaign to Make Pennsylvania a Royal Province, 1764-1770, Part II James E. Hutson 28 Collegia Ante Bellum: Attitudes of College Professors and Students Toward the American Revolution Howard H. Peckham 50 Herman Haupt and the Development of the Pennsylvania Railroad James A. Ward 73 Militants of the 1860's: The Philadelphia Fenians Dennis Clark 98 Quaker, Shaker, Rabbi: Warder Cress on, The Story of a Philadelphia Mystic Frank Fox 147 The Crisis of the Churches in the Middle Colonies, 1720-1750 Martin E. Lodge 195 The First Art Schools at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Edward J. Nygren 211 Philadelphia in 1830: An English View Russell M. Posner 239 The Works Progress Administration in Pennsylvania, 1 935 to1940 Priscilla Ferguson Clement 244 Henry James and Owen Wister Ben M. Vorpahl 291 Caroline Lewis and Henry James Fanny Kemble Wister 339 Big Wheels in Philadelphia: Du Simitière's List of Carriage Owners Robert F. Oaks 351 Democrats of the Old School in the Era of Good Feelings Kim T. Phillips 363 Francis W. Hughes and the 1862 Pennsylvania Election Arnold Shankman 383 Thomas Barton and the Forbes Expedition William A. Hunter 431 Bristol: The Origins of a Pennsylvania Market Town Terry A. McNealy 484 Lady Henrietta Liston's Journal of Washington's "Resignation" Retirement, and Death James C. Nicholls 511 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS William Penn's Other Statue Henri Marceau 521 Benjamin Franklin: Gunrunner? Paul H. Smith 526 A Farce Re-Examined William M. Fowler, Jr. 529 BOOK REVIEWS 109, 261, 394, 533 INDEX 565 iii
THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President BOIES PENROSE Honorary Vice-President, ROY F. NICHOLS RICHMOND P. MILLER ERNEST C. SAVAGE Vice-Presidents HAROLD D. SAYLOR THOMAS E. WYNNE Secretary HOWARD H. LEWIS Treasurer GEORGE E. NEHRBAS Counsel R. STURGIS INGERSOLL BENJAMIN CHEW THOMAS C. COCHRAN H. RICHARD DIETRICH, JR. MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. HENRY J. MAGAZINER BERTRAM L. O'NEILL Councilors HENRY R. PEMBERTON EDGAR P. RICHARDSON CAROLINE ROBBINS MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH MARTIN P. SNYDER FREDERICK B. TOLLES DAVID VAN PELT H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS The Board of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and sixteen Councilors. v
STANDING COMMITTEES Committee on Finance HENRY R. PEMBERTON, Chairman ERNEST C. SAVAGE GEORGE E. NEHRBAS WM. RICHARD GORDON Committee on Library and Collections EDGAR P. RICHARDSON, Chairman THOMAS E. WYNNE MARTIN P. SNYDER MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN H. RICHARD DIETRICH, JR. Committee on Hall and Buildings HAROLD D. SAYLOR, Chairman MRS. LAWRENCE M. C. SMITH H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS BENJAMIN CHEW HENRY J. MAGAZINER Committee on Membership and Activities RICHMOND P. MILLER, Chairman MRS. ANTHONY N.B. GARVAN THOMAS E. WYNNE ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. BERTRAM L. O'NEILL Committee on Nominations H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS, Chairman DAVID VAN PELT HOWARD H. LEWIS BENJAMIN CHEW Committee on Publications THOMAS C. COCHRAN, Chairman FREDERICK B. TOLLES JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTT, JR. CAROLINE ROBBINS NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT vi
STAFF NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT, Director and Editor JUNE M. PFEIL, Secretary JOHN H. PLATT, JR., Librarian Reading Room RICHARD M. BALDINO ANTHONY A. ROTH PETER J. PARKER, Head LINDA STANLEY Manuscript Department VILMA HALCOMBE KRISTINE MEERDINK VIRGINIA SODEN, Head Catalogue Department NANCY L. PARSLY Photo-reproduction Department ZVULON ZELIKOWSKY Repair Department THOMAS W. DUNCAN Treasurer's Office SARAH B. POMERANTZ, Assistant to the Treasurer EDITH COCHRAN Membership and Museum DARTHE C. HAUCK DAVID T. MCKEE, Superintendent JOHN LUNNEY Maintenance Staff MARGARET FREELAND CATHERINE K. MCKEE vii
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY JANUARY 1971 CONSCIENCE, THE QUAKER COMMUNITY, AND THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Jack D. Marietta 3 THE CAMPAIGN TO MAKE PENNSYLVANIA A ROYAL PROVINCE, 1764-1770, PART II James &. Hutson 28 COLLEGIA ANTE BELLUM: ATTITUDES OF COLLEGE PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS TOWARD THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Howard H. Peckham 50 HERMAN HAUPT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD James A. Ward 73 MILITANTS OF THE 1860'S: THE PHILADELPHIA FENIANS Dennis Clark 98 REVIEWS 109 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME XCV NUMBER 1
BOOK REVIEWS PAGE BUSHMAN, The Great Awakening: Documents on the Revival of Religion, 1740- I745, by Martin E. Lodge 109 CLARKSON AND JETT, Luther Martin of Maryland, by Thomas R. Meehan REED, The Delaware Colony, by C. A. Weslager 112 ZOBEL, The Boston Massacre, by John A. Schutz 113 MITCHELL, Alexander Hamilton: The Revolutionary Years, by George W. Kyte 115 STOURZH, Alexander Hamilton and the Idea of Republican Government, by Robert A. Rutland 117 TAYLOR, ed., The Susquehannah Company Papers, Vol. 9, by William A. Hunter 118 SOLOMON, ed., Travels in New England and New York by Timothy Dwight, by M. Halsey Thomas 119 BRANT, The Fourth President: A Life of James Madison, by Carlos R. Allen, Jr. 121 FONER, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War, by H. Draper Hunt 123 CASE AND SPENCER, The United States and France: Civil War Diplomacy, by Howard C. Rice, Jr. 124 HASSLER, Crisis at the Crossroads: The First Day at Gettysburg, by Glenn Tucker 126 RIPLEY, Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War, by Emanuel Raymond Lewis 128 ALEXANDER, Down at the Depot: American Railroad Stations from 1831 to 1920, by George B. Tatum 129 MCMAHON, SO Young... So Gay! Story of the Boardwalk, 1870-1970, by J. Harcourt Givens 131 OSTRANDER, American Civilization in the First Machine Age, 1890-1940. A Cultural History of America's First Age of Technological Revolution and "Rule by the Young," by Lloyd M. Abernethy 132 KAUFMANN, The Rise of an American Architecture, by Wayne Andrews 134 PINKETT, Gifford Pinchot: Private and Public Forester, by Martin L. Fausold 135 ELLIS, A Nation in Torment: The Great American Depression, 1929-1939, by Louis Filler 136 STEVENS, Portrait of Pennsylvania: Dramatic Scenes illustrating the unusual and historic beauty of Pennsylvania, by Leslie P. Greenhill 137 RUNDELL, In Pursuit of American History: Research and Training in the United States, by Michael Zuckerman 138 WILLIAMS, A Social History of the Greater Boston Clubs, by Andrew Oliver 140 KERBER, Federalists in Dissent: Imagery and Ideology in Jeffersonian America, by William Nisbet Chambers 141 MARSHALL-CORNWALL, Grant as Military Commander, by T. Harry Williams 142 no THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Yearly subscription, $10.00; single numbers $2.50. Communications should be addressed to the Editor. The Editor does not assume responsibility for statements of fact or of opinion made by contributors. Copyright, 1971, by The Historical
THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME xcv January, 1971 NO. 1 NINETY-FIFTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION Publications Committee ROY F. NICHOLS THOMAS C. COCHRAN FREDERICK B. TOLLES JOSEPH W. LIPPINCOTTJR. NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT
Contributors JACK D. MARIETTA, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Arizona, has continued his interest in his 1968 dissertation topic for Stanford, which dealt with the ecclesiastical discipline of the Society of Friends in Pennsylvania. JAMES H. HUTSON, Editor of Publications of the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, completes with Part II in this issue his article, Part I of which appeared in our October, 1970, number. HOWARD H. PECKHAM, Director of the William L. Clements Library of the University of Michigan, has written a number of books on the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. JAMES A. WARD received his Ph.D. degree from Louisiana State University in 1969. He has completed a full-length biography of Herman Haupt and is working on a comparative study of railroad managers. Dr. Ward is an Assistant Professor of History at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. DENNIS CLARK, a student of urban history and ethnic relations, is on the staff of the School of Social Administration, Temple University, where he earned his Ph.D. in history. PRINTED IN U. S. A. by The Winchell Company, PHILADELPHIA, PA.