Psalm 118 A Psalm of David MATTHEW 21: 33 46: THE STONE THE BUILDERS REJECTED HAS BECOME THE CORNERSTONE; THE LORD HAS DONE THIS, AND IT IS MARVELOUS IN OUR EYES? 118:22-24. THE PSALMIST EXPLAINED THAT THE LORD HAD TAKEN THE STONE THAT THE BUILDERS REJECTED AND HAD MARVELOUSLY MADE IT THE CAPSTONE OF THE NATION. THEREFORE, THE PEOPLE SHOULD REJOICE. IN THOSE DAYS GREAT EMPIRES EASILY SET UP AND REMOVED KINGS. PERHAPS THOSE GREAT NATIONS DISCOUNTED ISRAEL AS A NATION. YET THE LORD TOOK THAT STONE AND MADE IT THE CAPSTONE OF HIS RULE ON EARTH. THE IMAGE OF THE STONE MAY HAVE SUGGESTED ITSELF FROM THE TEMPLE CONSTRUCTION WORK GOING ON IN THE POSTEXILIC COMMUNITY. THE PSALMIST, PERHAPS THE CONGREGATION S LEADER, MAY HAVE THOUGHT OF HIS KING AS THE STONE, FOR IN ISRAEL KINGS OFTEN REPRESENTED THE NATION. CERTAINLY, IN JESUS PARABLE OF THE LANDOWNER AND THE TENANTS HE APPLIED THE PSALM IN THAT WAY. JESUS IS THE STONE AND THE JEWISH LEADERS, THE BUILDERS OF THE NATION, HAD REJECTED HIM. BUT GOD MADE HIM THE CAPSTONE. THUS, THE KINGDOM WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THEM AND GIVEN TO OTHERS. THE FACT THAT THIS PSALM WAS PROBABLY POPULAR AT THE PASSOVER FESTIVAL MADE JESUS USE OF IT ALL THE MORE FORCEFUL. 1 LakewoodChurch.com
118:25-29. THE PSALMIST PRAYED THEN FOR HIS PEOPLE S SALVATION AND PROSPERITY. THE WORDS SAVE US (V. 25) AND BLESSED IS HE WHO COMES IN THE NAME OF THE LORD (V. 26) WERE PROCLAIMED AT JESUS TRIUMPHAL ENTRY; HOSANNA TRANSLATES THE HEB. FOR SAVE ). THE PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT JESUS WAS THE COMING SAVIOR. IN FACT, THE PHRASE WITH BOUGHS IN HAND (PS. 118:27) MAY HAVE PROMPTED THEIR PUTTING THE BRANCHES DOWN FOR JESUS (MATT. 21:8). THE SECOND HALF OF PSALM 118:27, THOUGH DIFFICULT IN THE HEBREW, PROBABLY REFERS TO THE CUSTOM AT THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES OF WAVING BRANCHES BEFORE THE LORD. THEN LATER, WHEN THE PSALM WAS USED IN ALL THE FEASTS, THIS PART OF VERSE 27 BECAME SIMPLY AN EXPRESSION IN THE HYMN WITHOUT BOUGHS LITERALLY BEING IN PEOPLE S HANDS. BUT THE PEOPLE IN JESUS DAY KNEW THAT HE CLAIMED TO BE THE MESSIAH, AND THAT THIS PSALM SPOKE OF THE COMING ONE. SO, THEY APPROPRIATED ITS MESSAGE FOR THE OCCASION. JESUS IDENTIFIED HIMSELF AS THE STONE WHO WOULD BRING SALVATION TO THOSE WHO PRAYED TO HIM, SAVE US. ACTS 4:1-21 THE PRIESTS AND THE CAPTAIN OF THE TEMPLE GUARD AND THE SADDUCEES CAME 2 UP TO PETER AND JOHN WHILE THEY WERE SPEAKING TO THE PEOPLE. THEY WERE GREATLY DISTURBED BECAUSE THE APOSTLES WERE TEACHING THE PEOPLE, 3 PROCLAIMING IN JESUS THE RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD. THEY SEIZED PETER AND JOHN AND, BECAUSE IT WAS EVENING, THEY PUT THEM IN JAIL UNTIL THE NEXT 4 DAY. BUT MANY WHO HEARD THE MESSAGE BELIEVED; SO, THE NUMBER OF MEN WHO BELIEVED GREW TO ABOUT FIVE THOUSAND. 5 THE NEXT DAY THE RULERS, THE ELDERS AND THE TEACHERS OF THE LAW MET IN 6 JERUSALEM. ANNAS THE HIGH PRIEST WAS THERE, AND SO WERE CAIAPHAS, JOHN, 7 ALEXANDER AND OTHERS OF THE HIGH PRIEST S FAMILY. THEY HAD PETER AND JOHN BROUGHT BEFORE THEM AND BEGAN TO QUESTION THEM: BY WHAT POWER OR WHAT NAME DID YOU DO THIS? 8 THEN PETER, FILLED WITH THE HOLY SPIRIT, SAID TO THEM: RULERS AND ELDERS 9 OF THE PEOPLE! IF WE ARE BEING CALLED TO ACCOUNT TODAY FOR AN ACT OF KINDNESS SHOWN TO A MAN WHO WAS LAME AND ARE BEING ASKED HOW HE WAS 10 HEALED, THEN KNOW THIS, YOU AND ALL THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL: IT IS BY THE NAME OF JESUS CHRIST OF NAZARETH, WHOM YOU CRUCIFIED BUT WHOM GOD RAISED 11 FROM THE DEAD, THAT THIS MAN STANDS BEFORE YOU HEALED. JESUS IS 2 LakewoodChurch.com
THE STONE YOU BUILDERS REJECTED, WHICH HAS BECOME THE CORNERSTONE. 12 SALVATION IS FOUND IN NO ONE ELSE, FOR THERE IS NO OTHER NAME UNDER HEAVEN GIVEN TO MANKIND BY WHICH WE MUST BE SAVED. 13 WHEN THEY SAW THE COURAGE OF PETER AND JOHN AND REALIZED THAT THEY WERE UNSCHOOLED, ORDINARY MEN, THEY WERE ASTONISHED, AND THEY TOOK 14 NOTE THAT THESE MEN HAD BEEN WITH JESUS. BUT SINCE THEY COULD SEE THE MAN WHO HAD BEEN HEALED STANDING THERE WITH THEM, THERE WAS NOTHING 15 THEY COULD SAY. SO THEY ORDERED THEM TO WITHDRAW FROM THE 16 SANHEDRIN AND THEN CONFERRED TOGETHER. WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO WITH THESE MEN? THEY ASKED. EVERYONE LIVING IN JERUSALEM KNOWS THEY HAVE 17 PERFORMED A NOTABLE SIGN, AND WE CANNOT DENY IT. BUT TO STOP THIS THING FROM SPREADING ANY FURTHER AMONG THE PEOPLE, WE MUST WARN THEM TO SPEAK NO LONGER TO ANYONE IN THIS NAME. 18 THEN THEY CALLED THEM IN AGAIN AND COMMANDED THEM NOT TO SPEAK OR 19 TEACH AT ALL IN THE NAME OF JESUS. BUT PETER AND JOHN REPLIED, WHICH IS 20 RIGHT IN GOD S EYES: TO LISTEN TO YOU, OR TO HIM? YOU BE THE JUDGES! AS FOR US, WE CANNOT HELP SPEAKING ABOUT WHAT WE HAVE SEEN AND HEARD. 21 AFTER FURTHER THREATS THEY LET THEM GO. THEY COULD NOT DECIDE HOW TO PUNISH THEM, BECAUSE ALL THE PEOPLE WERE PRAISING GOD FOR WHAT HAD 22 HAPPENED. FOR THE MAN WHO WAS MIRACULOUSLY HEALED WAS OVER FORTY YEARS OLD. CONTEXT FOR PSALM 118:22 3 LakewoodChurch.com
THE IMAGE COMES FROM THE ANCIENT QUARRIES WHERE HIGHLY TRAINED STONEMASONS CAREFULLY CHOSE THE STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION. NO STONE WAS MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE CORNERSTONE BECAUSE THE INTEGRITY OF THE WHOLE STRUCTURE DEPENDED ON THE CORNERSTONE CONTAINING EXACTLY THE RIGHT LINES. IF THE CORNERSTONE WAS NOT EXACTLY RIGHT, THE ENTIRE BUILDING WOULD BE OUT OF LINE. FOR THAT REASON, BUILDERS INSPECTED MANY STONES, REJECTING EACH ONE UNTIL THEY FOUND THE ONE THEY WANTED. REJECTED STONES MIGHT BE USED IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BUILDING, BUT THEY WOULD NEVER BECOME THE CORNERSTONE OR THE CAPSTONE (THE FIRST AND LAST STONES PUT IN PLACE). WHEN PETER PREACHED TO THE JEWISH LEADERS IN ACTS 4:8 12, HE QUOTED PSALM 118:22 TO SHOW THAT JESUS IS THE REJECTED STONE WHOM GOD MADE TO BE THE CORNERSTONE OF SALVATION. THEY (THE JEWISH LEADERS) REJECTED HIM, BUT GOD NOT ONLY ACCEPTED HIM BUT PUT HIM IN THE POSITION OF HIGHEST HONOR. PETER PRESSED THE POINT HOME WITH THIS POWERFUL CONCLUSION: SALVATION IS FOUND IN NO ONE ELSE, FOR THERE IS NO OTHER NAME UNDER HEAVEN GIVEN TO MEN BY WHICH WE MUST BE SAVED" (ACTS 4:12). ISAIAH 28:16-17: SO, THIS IS WHAT THE SOVEREIGN LORD SAYS: SEE, I LAY A STONE IN ZION, A TESTED STONE, A PRECIOUS CORNERSTONE FOR A SURE FOUNDATION; THE ONE WHO RELIES ON IT WILL NEVER BE STRICKEN WITH PANIC. 4 LakewoodChurch.com
17 I WILL MAKE JUSTICE THE MEASURING LINE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS THE PLUMB LINE; ZECHARIAH 4:10: FOR WHO HAS DESPISED THE DAY OF SMALL THINGS? BUT THESE SEVEN WILL BE GLAD WHEN THEY SEE THE PLUMB LINE IN THE HAND OF ZERUBBABEL THESE ARE THE EYES OF THE LORD WHICH RANGE TO AND FRO THROUGHOUT THE EARTH. ZERUBBABEL WAS THE GOVERNOR OF A PROVINCE IN JUDAH. HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR THE NEW TEMPLE. WHEN HE LAID THE FOUNDATION, IT STARTED WITH THE CORNERSTONE. THE PLUMB LINE WAS HELD UP TO MAKE SURE THE FOUNDATION WAS LEVEL. - WHEN THE FOUNDATION WAS COMPLETED, THE PEOPLE REJOICED. - WHEN HE HELD UP THE PLUMB LINE, THE SPIRIT OF GOD REJOICED. ISAIAH 11:2 THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD WILL REST ON HIM, THE SPIRIT OF WISDOM AND UNDERSTANDING, THE SPIRIT OF COUNSEL AND STRENGTH, THE SPIRIT OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE FEAR OF THE LORD. 5 LakewoodChurch.com