Jewish Voting Patterns and the 2012 Elections

1 Jewish Voting Patterns and the 2012 Elections Ira M. Sheskin, Ph.D. Director of the Jewish Demography Project of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies and Professor, Department of Geography and Regional Studies University of Miami

2 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Jewish Data Sources Random Digit Dialing (RDD) Telephone Surveys (305) 922 - Random sample with NO sampling by Distinctive Jewish Name or from Jewish mailing lists Population estimate ) ) ) NJPS: The 2000-2001 National Jewish Population Survey Local Studies: More than 55 local Jewish community studies completed since 1993 Workmen s Circle 2012 American Jews Political Values Survey (not random, although weighted to reflect NJPS 2000-01) (N = 1,000 via Internet, volunteers) It is this methodology that means that the data presented herein probably reflect reality better than such sources as exit polls and AJC (panel) surveys All local reports are available from www.jewishdatabank.org (The Berman North American Jewish Data Bank) An earlier version of this slide set is the current featured publication at www.bjpa.org. (Berman Jewish Policy Archive)

3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Outline of Presentation Implications of the Size and Geographic Distribution of the US Jewish Population for the Jewish Vote A Few Key Demographic Indicators Political Party Political Views Voter Registration Politically Active Obama, Romney and The Jewish Vote

4 Size and Geographic Distribution of the US Jewish Population

5 Varying Estimates of the US Jewish Population Does the Number of Jews Matter? )! 5,200,000 is 1.7% of 314,556,948 Americans )!! ) NJPS 2000-01 and ARIS 2001 estimate 6,700,000 is 2.1% of 314,556,948 Americans Sheskin and Dashefsky in the American Jewish Year Book Steinhardt Institute at Brandeis So, the strength of the community is not based upon the percentage of Americans who are Jewish, but rather upon the ability of a small minority of activist Jews to convince American opinion makers and the US government ) Most researchers (Brandeis group do not) believe that the number of American Jews has remained relatively constant over the past decades, but that the future will almost certainly lead to a decrease

6 42% of Jews live in New York 77% of Jews live in NY, CA, PA, NJ, IL, MA

7 25% of Jews live in New York 70% of Jews live in NY, CA, FL, NJ, IL, PA

8

9 Geographic Shift in Jewish Population 100% 1970 2012 90% 80% Percentage of Jews 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 63% 45% 21% 24% 20% 12% 12% 13% 11% 10% 0% Northeast Midwest South West Source: American Jewish Year Book

10 Electoral Votes by State - 2012 12 7 4 3 3 3 3 10 10 16 29 3 4 11 7 4 4 5 6 55 9 5 6 6 10 20 11 8 18 5 20 14 3 3 13 10 4 11 5 7 6 6 11 9 16 9 15 38 8 29 3 Jews have moved to states with many electoral votes

11 States with the Largest Jewish Population (2012) New York California Florida New Jersey Illinois Pennsylvania Massachusetts Maryland Ohio Texas Georgia Connecticut Arizona Virginia Colorado Michigan Nevada Missouri Washington Minnesota Oregon North Carolina Wisconsin District of Columbia Tennessee Rhode Island Kansas Indiana Delaware Maine South Carolina New Mexico Kentucky Louisiana New Hampshire Alabama Hawaii Iowa Alaska Nebraska Utah Vermont Oklahoma West Virginia Arkansas Mississippi Idaho Montana Wyoming North Dakota South Dakota 127,470 116,050 106,300 95,240 91,920 82,270 76,300 59,175 45,885 45,635 40,650 31,675 28,255 28,000 19,575 18,750 17,675 17,470 15,100 13,890 13,570 12,725 11,300 10,675 10,120 8,825 7,280 6,240 6,175 6,100 5,650 5,285 4,625 2,310 1,725 1,550 1,525 1,350 1,150 400 345 638,985 (29) 504,450 (14) 297,985 (20) 294,925 (20) 277,980 (11) 238,200 (10) 148,615(18) 139,505(38) ) ) ) ) ) 1,223,640 (55) 1,761,020(29) Top 4 states with the largest Jewish populations account for 127 electoral votes Top 10 states with the largest Jewish populations account for 244 electoral votes 270 electoral votes are needed to secure the White House Recall what a difference a few votes in Florida made in 2000 Elections are won by only a few percentage points 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000

12 New York New Jersey District of Columbia Massachusetts Maryland Florida California Connecticut Nevada Illinois Pennsylvania Colorado Rhode Island Delaware Arizona Georgia Ohio Virginia Oregon Maine Missouri Alaska Minnesota Vermont Michigan New Hampshire Washington Kansas New Mexico Texas Hawaii Wisconsin Nebraska North Carolina Tennessee South Carolina Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Iowa Utah Alabama Montana West Virginia Oklahoma Idaho Arkansas North Dakota Mississippi South Dakota South Dakota States with the Highest Percentage of Its Residents Who Are Jewish (2012) 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 2.3% 3.4% 3.2% 3.2% 2.8% ) ) ) 4.5% 4.2% 4.1% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 5.7% The percentage of Jewish voters is much higher: Jews are a higher percentage of 18+ population Jews register to vote at a much higher percentage than other Americans Jews vote at a much higher percentage than other Americans 9.0%

13 As of October 11, 2012

14 The Nine Swing States Electoral Votes Jewish Population % Jewish Arab Population b Florida 29 638,985 a 3.4% 103,611 Pennsylvania 20 294,925 2.3% 64,893 Ohio 18 146,680 1.3% 67,373 Virginia 13 95,240 1.2% 61,222 Wisconsin 10 28,255 0.5% 11,781 Colorado 9 91,920 1.8% 17,119 Iowa 6 6,240 0.2% 6,426 Nevada 5 76,300 2.8% 10,982 New Hampshire 4 10,120 0.8% 7,009 Mitchell Bard, in The Arab Lobby makes the point that Arabs are not a monolithic group, that the Arab lobby is a top down lobby, and that the Arab public has really not entered the political arena on the Israel issue in a significant way. a Excludes 77,700 part-year residents b Source: US Census 2010

15 Jewish Senators 112th Congress Name Party State Richard Blumenthal Dem Connecticut Barbara Boxer Dem California Ben Cardin Dem Maryland Dianne Feinstein Dem California Al Franken Dem Minnesota Herb Kohl Dem Wisconsin Frank Lautenberg Dem New Jersey Carl Levin Dem Michigan Joseph Lieberman Ind Connecticut Bernie Sanders Ind Vermont Charles Schumer Dem New York Ron Wyden Dem Oregon Total of 12 senators representing 10 states

16 Jewish Representatives 2012 Gabrielle Giffords (AZ) and Anthony Weiner (NY) Name State Name State Gary Ackerman New York Sander Levin Michigan Shelley Berkley Nevada Nita Lowey New York Howard Berman California Jerry Nadler New York Eric Cantor * Virginia Jared Polis Colorado David Cicilline Rhode Island Steven Rothman New Jersey Steve Cohen Tennessee Jan Schakowsky Illinois Susan Davis California Adam Schiff California Ted Deutsch Florida Allyson Schwartz Pennsylvania Eliot Engel New York Brad Sherman California Bob Filner California Debbie Wasserman-Schultz Florida Barney Frank Massachusetts Henry Waxman California Steve Israel New York John Yarmuth Kentucky * Republican Total of 24 representing 20 states

17 Jews in Congress 2012 (112th) 12 Senators 24 Representatives 6D D 2D D D Minnesota elects first Muslim to the House D D D D Michigan has 150,000 Arab American voters D D D I D D 5D D I,D D D DD D R 2D Jews get elected from states in which Jews are a tiny percentage of the population Senate Seats in Red House Seats in Black D = Democratic R = Republican I = Independent

18 Largest American Jewish Communities (Number of Jews in Jewish Federation Service Areas) New York 1,538,000 South Florida Los Angeles 555,100 519,200 Chicago San Francisco Washington Philadelphia Boston Broward South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Atlanta Miami East Bay Baltimore Rockland County San Diego Bergen County Essex-Morris Denver Phoenix Cleveland Las Vegas Monmouth County Detroit 291,800 227,800 215,600 214,600 210,500 186,300 131,300 124,250 119,800 113,300 100,000 93,400 91,100 89,000 92,500 91,000 83,900 82,900 80,800 72,300 70,000 67,000 Source: 2012 American Jewish Year Book 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000

19 ) ) ) ) ) ) Conclusions - Demography While there is no agreement on the number of Jews in the US, nor whether that number is increasing or decreasing, it probably matters little in the ability of American Jews to have their say in the political system With most elections being decided by 1-5 percentage points, even a small minority can influence an election, particularly in States with somewhat larger percentages of Jews While the Jewish population has undergone a major geographic shift from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and the West, electoral votes have done the same Jews continue to concentrate in the most populous states with the most electoral votes Jews get elected to Congress even from states with very few Jews Jews do form a significant percentage of the population in some urban areas

20 A Few Key Demographic Indicators

21 90+ 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Age Distribution-All Americans, 2010 Median Age is 37 Years 13% are Age 65 and Over 6% are Age 75 and Over Age Group Males Females 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.8% 0.7% 1.1% 1.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.6% 1.9% 2.1% 2.6% 2.8% 3.1% 3.3% 3.5% 3.7% 3.6% 3.7% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% 3.4% 3.4% 3.6% 3.4% 3.7% 3.5% 3.4% 3.3% 3.4% 3.2% 3.3% 3.2% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%

22 90+ 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Age Distribution-Persons in Jewish Households, 2000 Median Age is 39 Years 16% are Age 65 and Over 8% are Age 75 and Over Age Group Males 0.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 1.1% 1.6% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 2.3% 2.0% 2.2% 1.7% 2.0% 2.5% 2.9% 4.1% 4.2% 4.0% 4.1% 3.4% 3.8% 3.4% 3.0% 3.3% 3.5% 3.6% 3.2% 4.4% 4.2% 2.9% 3.2% 3.0% 2.6% 2.9% 2.5% 2.8% 3.0% Females 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%

23 South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Sarasota Martin-St. Lucie Palm Springs Broward Middlesex Atlantic County Miami St. Petersburg New Haven Las Vegas San Antonio Detroit Lehigh Valley Rhode Island Tucson Hartford Jacksonville Phoenix Rochester Milwaukee Baltimore Cincinnati Los Angeles Monmouth Chicago Minneapolis New York Pittsburgh Bergen Philadelphia Portland (ME) St. Paul York St. Louis Howard County San Diego Essex-Morris Wilmington Westport Harrisburg Richmond Denver Boston San Francisco Tidewater Orlando Atlanta Washington Columbus Seattle Charlotte NJPS 2000 US 2010 Age 65 and Over (Persons in Jewish Households) 36% 34% 30% 28% 27% 26% 24% 24% 23% 23% 23% 23% 20% 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 19% 19% 18% 18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 11% 10% 9% 9% 9% 16% 13% 48% 48% 46% 57% 53% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 62% Increasing percentage elderly as baby boomers retire Large percentage elderly in many Jewish communities Political Implication: Voting for Candidates perceived as being more in favor of benefits for the elderly

24 Westport Washington Howard County Portland (ME) Columbus New Haven Bergen Atlanta Cincinnati Essex-Morris San Antonio Denver Chicago San Diego Charlotte Philadelphia Lehigh Valley Pittsburgh Minneapolis Hartford St. Paul Rochester Tucson Rhode Island Phoenix Milwaukee Middlesex Richmond New York St. Louis Baltimore Detroit Harrisburg Jacksonville Wilmington York Miami Atlantic County Tidewater Sarasota Monmouth West Palm Beach Orlando St. Petersburg Las Vegas South Palm Beach Martin-St. Lucie Broward 4-Year College Degree or Higher (Adults Age 25 and Over in Jewish Households) 35% 63% 63% 61% 60% 60% 60% 59% 59% 58% 58% 55% 53% 49% 49% 49% 48% 86% 85% 82% 81% 79% 78% 76% 76% 75% 75% 75% 74% 73% 72% 72% 71% 71% 70% 70% 69% 69% 68% 68% 68% 67% 66% 66% 66% 65% 64% 63% Very Highly Educated Political Implication: Continued Political Involvement US 2011 30% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

25 Westport Bergen Essex-Morris Howard County Washington New Haven Monmouth Hartford Detroit San Antonio Atlantic County Boston San Francisco Charlotte Middlesex Portland (ME) Lehigh Valley Atlanta Jacksonville Cincinnati Minneapolis Richmond Phoenix Rochester St. Paul Pittsburgh Tidewater Wilmington Sarasota Milwaukee Harrisburg Chicago Rhode Island Seattle Philadelphia West Palm Beach Palm Springs Columbus Denver Baltimore Miami San Diego St. Louis York Buffalo New York Los Angeles Orlando Las Vegas Tucson South Palm Beach Martin-St. Lucie St. Petersburg Broward NJPS 2000 ACS 2009 Median Household Income (Adjusted for inflation to 2009 dollars) (Jewish Households) $50 $55 $104 $104 $102 $97 $96 $96 $94 $94 $94 $93 $93 $92 $92 $92 $89 $89 $88 $87 $87 $86 $85 $85 $83 $82 $82 $82 $81 $81 $81 $80 $80 $80 $78 $77 $76 $75 $75 $75 $74 $74 $73 $71 $70 $69 $68 $67 $63 $62 $64 $122 $119 $114 $130 $170 High Income Group Political Implication: If Vote their interests, more Jews will vote Republican (But historically Jews have pockets like Episcopalians, but vote like Puerto Ricans ) $0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 $160 $180 (in thousands)

26 Jewish Identification (Jewish Respondents) National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 Conservative 25% Reconstructionist 2% Orthodox 8% Reform 35% Just Jewish 30%

27 Baltimore New York Bergen Detroit Atlanta Cleveland Harrisburg Miami Monmouth Middlesex Pittsburgh Philadelphia Rhode Island Rochester Palm Springs Los Angeles Buffalo Wilmington Cincinnati Columbus Seattle New Haven Lehigh Valley San Antonio South Palm Beach Hartford Broward Richmond Las Vegas San Francisco San Diego Phoenix Tidewater Essex-Morris Milwaukee St. Louis St. Petersburg Denver Portland (ME) West Palm Beach Minneapolis St. Paul Washington Jacksonville Tucson Sarasota Westport Howard County Charlotte Orlando Atlantic County Martin-St. Lucie York NJPS 2000 Orthodox Identification (Jewish Respondents) 21% 20% 12% 11% 10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 8% Low Percentage Orthodox which has not increased (although participation in orthodox Institutions is on the Rise) Political Implication: Although more likely to vote Republican, not a big percentage of American Jews 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

28 Intermarriage (Couples Intermarriage Rate) Portland (ME) Seattle San Francisco Denver Atlanta Las Vegas Charlotte York Tucson Boston Columbus San Diego Jacksonville Tidewater Washington Phoenix St. Paul San Antonio Pittsburgh Lehigh Valley Cincinnati Richmond Rhode Island New Haven Harrisburg Chicago Minneapolis Wilmington Westport Orlando Rochester Howard County St. Petersburg Milwaukee Philadelphia Martin-St. Lucie Atlantic County Buffalo St. Louis Hartford Los Angeles Cleveland New York Baltimore Sarasota Palm Springs Broward Bergen Monmouth Miami Detroit West Palm Beach Middlesex South Palm Beach 9% 55% 55% 53% 50% 48% 47% 46% 46% 46% 45% 44% 44% 43% 41% 40% 39% 37% 36% 36% 34% 34% 34% 34% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 32% 30% 29% 29% 28% 28% 27% 26% 26% 25% 23% 23% 23% 22% 20% 20% 19% 18% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 14% 61% High Rates of Intermarriage Political Implication: Although not good for Jewish continuity, at least temporarily Jews living with non-jews impact the political thinking of non-jews. Jews Live in an increasing number of households NJPS 2000 48% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

29 St. Louis St. Paul Rochester Detroit Sarasota Milwaukee Bergen Lehigh Valley San Antonio Pittsburgh Tidewater Hartford Monmouth Minneapolis York Richmond Wilmington Harrisburg Baltimore Middlesex Jacksonville West Palm Beach Atlantic County Charlotte South Palm Beach Miami New Haven Rhode Island Westport Martin-St. Lucie Broward Howard County New York St. Petersburg Chicago Washington Tucson Portland (ME) Los Angeles Orlando Atlanta San Francisco Seattle Las Vegas Association with the Jewish Community NJPS 2000 (Belong to a Synagogue, JCC, or Other Jewish Organization) (Jewish Households) 69% 67% 65% 64% 64% 64% 63% 62% 62% 62% 62% 62% 62% 60% 60% 60% 59% 59% 58% 58% 58% 57% 57% 57% 54% 54% 53% 52% 52% 50% 21% 31% 37% 50% 49% 49% 49% 48% 48% 48% 46% 46% 46% 42% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 51% Low Levels of Membership in Jewish Institutions Political Implication: Less Likely to follow the guidance of Jewish communal leaders in political affairs

30 ) ) ) ) ) ) Conclusions - Demographic Indicators American Jews are aging American Jews are well educated American Jews are of high income Only a small percentage of American Jews are Orthodox American Jews are highly intermarried Large percentages of American Jews are not formally part of the community

31 Political Party

32 Political Party National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 (Jewish by Religion Respondents) Democrat US: 31% 61% 14% 6% US: 29% Republican 20% Something Else US: 2% Independent US: 38%

33 Political Party Identification National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 Democrat 61% Independent 35% 34% Democrat Independent 20% 6% 14% Republican Something Else Data are for the more Jewishly-connected sample of 4.3 million Jews. 15% Something Else 16% Data are for the less Jewishly-connected sample of 900,000 Jews. Republican

34 Percentage Democrat Washington 69% Los Angeles 69% Minneapolis 66% St. Paul 63% Bergen 63% Columbus 58% Seattle 53% NJPS 2000 61% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

35 Percentage Republican Columbus 15% St. Paul 13% Washington 11% Los Angeles 11% Bergen 11% Minneapolis 9% Seattle 7% NJPS 2000 14% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

36 Political Party Washington 2003 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat 69% 11% Republican 17% 4% Something Else Independent

37 100% Political Party by Age NJPS 2000-01 Democrat Republican Independent 80% 73% 64% 60% 56% 59% 58% 40% 20% 18% 19% 15% 16% 15% 23% 22% 12% 9% 16% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ Something Else Not Shown See also: Steven Windmueller (December 2003) Are American Jews Becoming Republican? Insights into Jewish Political Behavior (Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs)

38 100% Political Party by Age Washington 2003 Democrat Republican Independent 80% 75% 69% 69% 69% 64% 60% 40% 20% 9% 17% 13% 13% 10% 20% 20% 13% 6% 17% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ Something Else Not Shown

39 100% Political Party by Age Bergen 2001 Democrat Republican Independent 80% 65% 63% 69% 70% 60% Orthodox 45% 40% 22% 25% 22% 22% 20% 17% 14% 14% 10% 6% 4% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ Something Else Not Shown

40 Democrat Washington 2003 All 69% Male 60% Female 77% Household with Children 71% Federal Gov't Employees 72% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 73% 66% 69% 71% 70% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

41 Democrat Washington 2003 All Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish 56% 69% 73% 79% 71% 65% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 62% 71% 79% Synagogue Member Non-Member 73% 67% JCC Member Non-Member Jewish Organization Member Non-Member 69% 68% 77% 76% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100+ 67% 67% 78% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

42 Republican Washington 2003 All 11% Male Female 8% 14% Household with Children 13% Federal Gov't Employees 9% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 4% 7% 9% 13% The relationship that many expect between income and party does not hold for Democrats, but does show up for Republicans $200,000+ 15% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

43 Republican Washington 2003 All Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish 11% 9% 6% 12% 9% 28% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 9% 8% 15% Synagogue Member Non-Member JCC Member Non-Member Jewish Organization Member Non-Member 9% 11% 8% 11% 8% 11% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100+ 10% 12% 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

44 Political Party Workmen s Circle May 2012 US: 29% Republican US: 31% Democrat 55% 22% 23% Independent/Other US: 40%

Jewish Vote for the Republican Candidate in Presidential Elections 1916-2008 100% 80% 60% 10% 10% 10% 10% 18% 15% 18% 17% 15% 15% 17% 21% 27% 23% 28% 36% 32% 33% 31% 32% 45% 43% 40% 37% McGovern 40% 20% 0% 1920 Harding 1916 Hughes 1932 Hoover 1928 Hoover 1924 Coolidge 1940 Wilkie 1936 Landon 1948 Dewey 1944 Dewey 1960 Nixon 1956 Eisenhower 1952 Eisenhower 1976 Ford 1972 Nixon 1968 Nixon 1964 Goldwater 1988 Bush 1984 Reagan 1980 Reagan 1996 Dole 1992 Bush 2004 Bush 2000 Bush 2008 McCain 45 Since 1916, average for Democrat is 71% Clinton Clinton Gore Kerry Obama Carter Carter Mondale Dukakis Bush I lonely man against powerful political forces Source through 1968: L. Sandy Maisel and Ira Forman, Eds. Jews in American Politics (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001). Source 1972 to 2008: The Solomon Project at www.jewishdatabank.org and www.bjpa.org

Jewish Vote for the Republican Candidate in Presidential Elections 1972-2008 100% 80% McGovern Carter 15% 15% 17% 21% 23% 32% 33% 31% 32% 37% 60% 40% 20% Bush I lonely man against powerful political forces 0% 1972 Nixon 1976 Ford 1980 Reagan 1984 Reagan 1988 Bush 2000 Bush 1996 Dole 1992 Bush 2004 Bush 2008 McCain 46 1972-1988 average: 33% Clinton Clinton Gore Kerry Carter Mondale Dukakis Obama 74% 1992-2008 average: 18% Source: The Solomon Project at www.jewishdatabank.org and www.bjpa.org

47 Why Do Jews Remain Democrats in Such Overwhelming Numbers? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Because they are Jews and are reluctant to change philosophy Social Issues (government should get out of morality issues) Minority status Belief in helping the needy Diplomacy is better than military strength 6. Jews have not yet seen a presidential candidate on the Democratic side who is viewed as sufficiently negative on Israel

48 What Role Does Israel Play in The Jewish Vote? 1. Israel in 2008 was 8th out of 15 issues in terms of importance as an issue in candidate choice 2. 3. Above Israel: health care, gas prices, energy, taxes, education Below Israel: appointments to Supreme Court and the Environment 4. When asked to name the top three issues, 15% chose Israel among the top three (mostly Orthodox Jews) 5. 6. The more one cared about Israel, the more likely one was to vote for McCain At every level of concern for Israel, Jews intention to vote for Obama exceeded those of comparable non-jews 7. Source: AJC Survey 2008

49 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Factors Influencing Voting Workmen s Circle Survey, April 2012 Social Justice Commitment (abortion, environment, same-sex marriage, and health insurance) Economic Justice Commitment (views on taxes being unfair, raising taxes on the affluent, threat of banks, siding with labor unions, and the need for government to help the poor) Economic Conservatism (concern for high taxes, business climate, and jobs) 1 and 2 vote for Obama, 3 for Romney Notice that Israel is not on this list Standardized regression coefficients predicting vote 1. Party ID (.38) 2. Social Issues (.27) 3. Economic Justice (.21) 4. Economic issues (jobs, taxes, etc.) (.12) 5. Israel attachment (.07) Source: Workmen s Circle 2012 American Jews Political Values Survey

50 Conclusions - Political Party ) ) ) ) ) More than 60% of Jews continue to identify as Democratic and only 14% as Republican Evidence shows a tendency away from Democratic and toward Independent, but not Republican, among younger Jews Females are more likely to identify as Democratic than are males Orthodox Jews are less likely to be Democratic and more likely to be Republican Since 1916, the percentage of Jews voting for the Republican candidate for President has varied from 10% to 45%. While in recent years, the percentage has been increasing, the percentage has been much higher at various times in the past

51 Political Views

52 Political View National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 56% 21% 22% Conservative Moderate

53 Political Views Moderate Moderate 21% 56% Liberal 23% 54% Liberal 22% 23% Conservative Conservative Data are for the more Jewishly-connected sample of 4.3 million Jews. Data are for the less Jewishly-connected sample of 900,000 Jews.

54 Political View Washington 2003 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 52% 11% 37% Conservative Moderate

55 100% Political View by Age Washington 2003 Liberal Moderate Conservative 80% 60% 53% 51% 50% 54% 60% 40% 36% 38% 40% 34% 23% 20% 11% 11% 10% 13% 17% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

56 Political Party and Political View NJPS 2000-01 Liberal Democrat 41% Conserv. Republican 9% Moderate Republican 3% Liberal Republican 2% Conserv. Independent 5% Moderate Independent 7% Moderate Democrat 9% Other 7% Conservative Democrat 7% Liberal Independent 10%

57 ) ) ) Conclusions - Political Views 56% of Jews identify as liberal, 21% moderate, and 22% Conservative Orthodox Jews are less likely to identify as liberal and more likely to identify as conservative Although the majority of Jews are Democratic and the majority are liberal, a minority, although a significant minority, identifies as both liberal and Democratic

58 Registered to Vote

59 Registered to Vote South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Washington Columbus Richmond Bergen Harrisburg St. Petersburg Los Angeles Orlando 96% 96% 96% 95% 95% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90% New York 83% NJPS 2000 90% U.S. 2000 64% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

60 Registered to Vote Under 35 West Palm Beach Washington Richmond Miami Orlando South Palm Beach Harrisburg Bergen St. Petersburg Los Angeles 94% 94% 91% 85% 84% 83% 83% 82% 81% 80% NJPS 2000 77% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

61 100% Registered to Vote by Age National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 92% 93% 90% 96% 80% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

62 Jews Turnout to Vote at a High Rate Estimated Turnout in 2008 American National Election Study Jews 96% Religious 87% Blacks 79% Union Household 79% Non-Jewish Whites 76% High Income Non-Jewish Whites 79% Low Income Non-Jewish Whites 63% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

63 Jews Turnout to Vote at a High Rate Voting Frequency (Always + Nearly Always) American National Election Study Jews 84% Religious 82% Blacks 59% Union Household 67% Non-Jewish Whites 57% High Income Non-Jewish Whites 64% Low Income Non-Jewish Whites 45% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

64 The number of actual Hispanic voters is about 9 million compared to perhaps as many as 5 million Jewish voters (Hispanics are 16% of the population, Jews are 2%) Source: New York Times, June 9, 2012

65 Politically Active Attended Political Meetings or Rallies Contributed Money to a Political Party or Candidate Contacted or Wrote a Government Official in the Past Year

66 100% Participate in Political Activities by Age National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 80% 60% 40% 35% 34% 32% 33% 33% 25% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ All

67 Contributions to Israeli and Arab PACs Pro-Israel All Contributions Pro-Israel PACS Pro-Arab PACS 2010 $12,784,571 $2,963,418 $39,950 2008 $13,991,522 $3,150,927 $32,555 2006 $10,970,817 $3,033,993 $96,611 2004 $11,124,734 $3,170,494 $151,031 2002 $8,774,900 $2,750,601 $114,118 2000 $7,029,216 $1,923,904 $154,309 1998 $6,010,998 $2,104,331 $106,800 1996 $5,575,881 $2,387,880 $87,568 1994 $5,915,688 $2,378,059 $22,496 1992 $8,748,303 $4,048,960 $31,613 1990 $7,994,040 $4,099,248 $2,000

68 ) ) ) Conclusions - Political Involvement The vast majority of American Jews are registered to vote The percentage registered to vote is lower for Jews under age 35 Nationally, about one third of Jews are politically active, but again the percentage is lower for those under age 35

69 Obama Policies: Impact on Jewish Vote?

70 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Obama s Initial Policies Toward Israel Mostly a failure No breakthrough with Arabs/Muslims despite Cairo speech Settlement freeze demand on Israeli government backfires Alienated both Arabs and Israelis Abbas refused to negotiate Never visited Israel while in office 1. 9 meetings with Netanyahu in addition to phone calls 2. Biden and Clinton have both gone 3. Did visit as a candidate in 2008 (Sderot)

71 Presidential Visits to Israel President Years Visits While in Office Policy Nixon 1969-1974 June 1974 Airlift in 1973 Ford 1974-1977 Never "reassessment of US policy" Carter 1977-1981 March 1979 Camp David Reagan 1981-1989 Never "major non-nato ally" but suspension of aid over bombing of Iraqi reactor, friction over Lebanon War

72 Presidential Visits to Israel President Years Visits While in Office Policy Bush I 1989-1993 Never Baker says Israel should abandon expansionist policies, withholding of loan guarantees Clinton 1993-2001 Oct 94, Nov 95, March 96, Dec 98 Camp David II Bush II 2001-2009 Jan 08, May 08 Verbally supportive, but no progress on Palestinians or Iran Obama 2009- Not yet

73 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Evidence of Obama Support for Israel Stopped calling for a settlement freeze and vetoed UN Security Council Resolution on settlements, despite the differences over settlement policy, which every US administration has had. (Obama never threatened Israel as did Bush I over the loan guarantees.) 1967 borders with agreed upon land swaps" has been US policy for decades Increased military aid and cooperation above the normal $3 billion annually. $3.1 Billion requested for FY2013 is the highest ever. Provided funds for Israel's Iron Dome defense system ($275 million over and above other aid) Ehud Barak: I can hardly remember a better period of American support and backing, and Israeli cooperation and similar strategic understanding of events around us than we have right now. Netanyahu to Congress: thank you to Obama for being very generous in giving us the tools to do the job of defending Israel on our own.

74 1. 2. 3. Evidence of Obama Support for Israel Cut off funds to UNESCO "Stopped UN recognition of Palestine. In fact, Barack Obama is the first American president under whom the UN has passed no anti-israel resolution Went to the heart of the Arab world (Cairo) and said: 1. America's strong bond with Israel are well known. This bond is unbreakable. It is based upon cultural and historical ties, and the recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history that cannot be denied. 2. Around the world, the Jewish people were persecuted for centuries, and anti-semitism in Europe culminated in an unprecedented Holocaust. Tomorrow, I will visit Buchenwald, which was part of a network of camps where Jews were enslaved, tortured, shot and gassed to death by the Third Reich. Six million Jews were killed -- more than the entire Jewish population of Israel today. Denying that fact is baseless, it is ignorant, and it is hateful. Threatening Israel with destruction -- or repeating vile stereotypes about Jews -- is deeply wrong, and only serves to evoke in the minds of Israelis this most painful of memories while preventing the peace that the people of this region deserve.

75 1. 2. 3. 4. Evidence of Obama Support for Israel Harder line on Iran (deployment of computer viruses in Iran) than any previous president and managed to get Russia and China to support hard sanctions, which are seriously impacting Iran Got Russia to cancel a sale of advanced antiaircraft missiles that would complicate any US or Israeli attack Obama stated that he will always have Israel's back. Stood with Israel on the unfairness of the Goldstone report on Gaza

76 Approve or Disapprove of the Obama Administration's Handling of US-Israel Relations? (American Jewish Committee, April 2012) Not Sure 7% 1% Not Sure 40% Disapprove Disapprove 53% Approve 40% 58% Approve September, 2011 April, 2012

77 Poll Results

78 Overall Support American Jewish Committee, April 2012 Tendency to compare the Obama percentage to the 74% in 2008 election should be resisted. Obama 61% 11% Undecided 28% Romney

79 Overall Support Workmen s Circle, April 2012 Obama 59% 14% 27% Undecided Romney

80 Overall Support - Allocating Undecided Workmen s Circle, April 2012 23 percentage points higher than non-jews Obama 68% 32% Romney

81 Overall Support Gallup June 2012 In June 2008, Obama polled 62% Latest Gallup Poll puts support for Obama at 70% July to September 10 in Florida Obama 64% 29% 7% Undecided Romney

82 Thank You: Ira Sheskin www.jewishdatabank.org Any questions?

83 Additional Slides Changes in American Jewish Demography Political Implications Ira M. Sheskin, Ph.D. Director of the Jewish Demography Project of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies and Associate Professor, Department of Geography University of Miami

84 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Outline of Presentation Implications of the Size and Geographic Distribution of the US Jewish Population for the Jewish Vote A Few Key Demographic Indicators Political Party Political Views Voter Registration Politically Active Obama s Policies: Impact on Jewish Vote?

85 Political Party -Again National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat US: 31% 61% 14% 6% US: 29% Republican 20% Something Else US: 2% Independent US: 38%

86 Political Party and Political View Washington 2003 Liberal Democrat 44% Conserv. Republican 5% Moderate Republican 4% Liberal Republican 1% Conserv. Independent 2% Moderate Independent 9% Liberal Independent 6% Moderate Democrat 22% Other 3% Conservative Democrat 4%

87 Political View Workmen s Circle May 2012 Liberal 44% 18% Moderate 38% Conservative

88 Political View - Again National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 56% 21% 22% Conservative Moderate

89 Politically Active Washington 2003 All 45% Male Female 43% 49% Household with Children 47% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 42% 42% 40% 46% $200,000+ 67% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

90 All Politically Active Washington 2003 45% Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish 46% 41% 52% 47% 67% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 46% 54% 55% Synagogue Member Non-Member JCC Member Non-Member 40% 43% 46% 54% Jewish Organization Member Non-Member 42% 60% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100+ 41% 49% 57% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

91 Politically Active Washington 2003 All 45% Republican 43% Democrat 50% Independent 32% Liberal 51% Moderate 37% Conservative 49% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

92 South Palm Beach West Palm Beach Sarasota Broward Middlesex Palm Springs Miami Martin-St. Lucie New Haven Atlantic County Detroit Rhode Island St. Petersburg Lehigh Valley San Antonio Jacksonville Phoenix Tucson Hartford Las Vegas Baltimore Cincinnati St. Paul New York Pittsburgh Rochester Chicago Philadelphia Minneapolis York Milwaukee Portland (ME) San Diego Bergen Los Angeles Monmouth St. Louis Richmond Boston Tidewater Westport Wilmington Harrisburg Denver Atlanta San Francisco Washington Essex-Morris Howard County Columbus Orlando Seattle Charlotte NJPS 2000 US 2010 18% 18% 16% 16% 14% 13% 13% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 11% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 8% 6% Age 75 and Over (Persons in Jewish Households) 23% 23% 32% 31% 29% 40% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

93 Political Party

94 Political Party 100% 90% Republican Democratic Percentage of Households 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 59% 14% 14% 55% 16% 62% 65% 13% 14% 60% 10% 0% Northeast Midwest South West US Data are for the more Jewishly-connected sample of 4.3 million Jews.

95 Political Party Minneapolis 2004 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat 66% 9% Republican 6% Something Else 19% Independent

96 Political Party St. Paul 2004 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat 63% 13% Republican 6% 18% Something Else Independent

97 Political Party Bergen 2001 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat 63% 11% Republican 19% 6% Something Else Independent

98 Political Party Seattle 2000 (Jewish Respondents) Democrat 53% 21% 15% 7% 3% Republican Something Else No Preference Independent

99 Democrat Twin Cities 2003 Twin Cities 66% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 56% 66% 68% 74% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 56% 63% 70% 68% FSU Non-FSU 57% 67% Male Female 53% 75% Household with Children 61% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 72% 70% 63% 68% 61% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

100 Democrat Twin Cities Twin Cities 66% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish 30% 56% 73% 70% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 54% 56% 69% Synagogue Member Non-Member 59% 71% JCC Member Non-Member 64% 72% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 60% 61% 72% 72% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

101 Democrat Minneapolis Twin Cities 66% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 56% 66% 68% 74% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 56% 63% 70% 68% FSU Non-FSU 58% 68% Male Female 54% 76% Household with Children 63% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 72% 72% 64% 68% 66% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

102 Democrat Minneapolis Minneapolis 66% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Twin Cities 30% 57% 73% 71% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 54% 56% 71% Synagogue Member Non-Member 60% 72% JCC Member Non-Member 66% 72% Donated to Federation Asked, Did Not Donate Not Asked 62% 59% 72% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 60% 61% 73% 79% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

103 Democrat St. Paul Twin Cities 66% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 56% 66% 68% 74% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 56% 63% 70% 68% FSU Non-FSU 51% 65% Male Female 51% 73% Household with Children 57% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 65% 61% 67% 73% $200,000+ 46% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

104 Democrat St. Paul St. Paul 63% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Twin Cities 30% 55% 71% 67% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 54% 56% 63% Synagogue Member Non-Member 58% 68% JCC Member Non-Member 57% 74% Donated to Federation Asked, Did Not Donate Not Asked 60% 66% 72% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 62% 58% 62% 70% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

105 Republican Twin Cities Twin Cities 10% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 9% 6% 9% 13% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 5% 5% 13% 21% FSU Non-FSU 9% 18% Male Female 7% 15% Household with Children 16% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 10% 6% 12% 10% 12% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

106 Republican Twin Cities Twin Cities 10% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish 8% 7% 13% 45% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 10% 18% 16% Synagogue Member Non-Member 7% 14% JCC Member Non-Member 7% 11% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 13% 9% 7% 8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

107 Republican Minneapolis Twin Cities 10% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 9% 6% 9% 13% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 5% 5% 13% 21% FSU Non-FSU 8% 16% Male 14% Female 6% Household with Children 15% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 9% 5% 9% 11% 8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

108 Republican Minneapolis Minneapolis 9% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish 7% 7% 11% Twin Cities 45% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 9% 12% 16% Synagogue Member Non-Member 6% 13% JCC Member Non-Member 7% 9% Donated to Federation Asked, Did Not Donate Not Asked 6% 14% 12% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 5% 7% 8% 13% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

109 Republican St. Paul Twin Cities 10% Minneapolis City of Minneapolis Inner Ring Outer Ring 9% 6% 9% 13% St. Paul City of St. Paul Southern Suburbs Northern Suburbs 5% 5% 13% 21% FSU Non-FSU 12% 23% Male Female 10% 17% Household with Children 20% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 7% 9% 14% 22% $200,000+ 21% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

110 Republican St. Paul St. Paul 13% Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish 10% 8% 18% Twin Cities 45% In-married Conversionary Intermarried 12% 16% 27% Synagogue Member Non-Member 10% 16% JCC Member Non-Member 7% 17% Donated to Federation Asked, Did Not Donate Not Asked 10% 10% 14% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100-$500 Donated $500+ 7% 6% 14% 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

111 100% Political Party by Age Minneapolis 2003 Democrat Republican Independent 80% 80% 65% 65% 67% 60% 56% 40% 20% 17% 20% 13% 16% 22% 24% 15% 6% 5% 3% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ Something Else Not Shown

112 100% Political Party by Age St. Paul 2003 Republican Democrat Independent 80% 67% 67% 66% 60% 59% 54% 40% 27% 20% 8% 13% 19% 16% 17% 7% 16% 10% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ Something Else Not Shown

Political Views

114 Political Views 100% 90% Liberal Conservative 80% Percentage of Households 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 53% 25% 60% 55% 22% 22% 63% 18% 56% 22% 20% 10% 0% Northeast Midwest South West US Data are for the more Jewishly-connected sample of 4.3 million Jews.

115 Political View Bergen 2001 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 47% 11% 42% Conservative Moderate

116 Political View Seattle 2000 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 63% 8% Conservative 29% Moderate

117 Political View Los Angeles 1997 (Jewish Respondents) Liberal 50% 17% 33% Conservative Moderate

118 Liberal Washington 2003 All Lower Montgomery Upper Montgomery PG County DC Arl/Alex/Falls Church South Fairfax/PW West Fairfax/Loudoun Male Female Household with Children 0-4 Years in Washington 5-9 Years 10-19 Years 20+ Years Federal Gov't Employees 52% 52% 53% 46% 52% 42% 47% 44% 47% 49% 49% 54% 52% 62% 60% 60% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 58% 55% 51% 54% 50% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

119 Liberal Washington 2003 All Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish 27% 52% 47% 50% 54% 57% In-married Conversionary Intermarried Synagogue Member Non-Member JCC Member Non-Member Jewish Organization Member Non-Member Donated to Federation Asked, Did not Donate Not Asked 49% 53% 50% 54% 51% 53% 52% 50% 50% 54% 63% 62% Federation Non-Donor Under $100 $100+ 53% 48% 50% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

120 Conservative Washington 2003 All Lower Montgomery Upper Montgomery PG County DC Arl/Alex/Falls Church South Fairfax/PW West Fairfax/Loudoun 11% 14% 14% 12% 4% 9% 15% 9% Male Female 8% 15% Household with Children 0-4 Years in Washington 5-9 Years 10-19 Years 20+ Years Federal Gov't Employees 10% 12% 10% 8% 12% 8% Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 12% 13% 12% 10% 8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

121 Conservative Washington 2003 All Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish In-married Conversionary Intermarried Synagogue Member Non-Member JCC Member Non-Member Jewish Organization Member Non-Member Donated to Federation Asked, Did not Donate Not Asked 11% 23% 16% 6% 10% 9% 10% 5% 10% 12% 10% 11% 11% 11% 17% 14% 10% 10% Federation Non-Donor Under $100 $100+ 10% 12% 14% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

122 100% Political View by Age Bergen 2001 Liberal Moderate Conservative 80% 60% 60% 40% 47% 44% 45% 43% 48% 40% 42% 46% 33% 20% 9% 12% 12% 12% 7% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

123 Political Party and Political View Bergen 2001 Liberal Democrat 38% Conserv Republican 5% Moderate Republican 5% Liberal Republican 2% Other 4% Conserv. Independent 2% Moderate Independent 12% Moderate Democrat 23% Liberal Independent 5% Conservative Democrat 4%

124 Registered to Vote

125 100% Registered to Vote by Age Orlando 1993 98% 92% 90% 93% 84% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

126 100% Registered to Vote by Age Harrisburg 1994 97% 95% 92% 91% 83% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

127 100% Registered to Vote by Age St. Petersburg 1994 98% 93% 89% 95% 80% 81% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

128 100% 91% Registered to Vote by Age 94% Richmond 1994 99% 100% 94% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

129 100% 94% Registered to Vote by Age Washington 2003 98% 97% 95% 95% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

130 100% 94% Registered to Vote by Age West Palm Beach 2005 98% 97% 95% 91% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

131 100% Registered to Vote by Age South Palm Beach 2005 95% 99% 98% 83% 82% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

132 100% Registered to Vote by Age Bergen 2001 96% 97% 93% 91% 80% 82% 60% 40% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+

133 All Registered to Vote Washington 2003 96% Lower Montgomery Upper Montgomery PG County DC Arl/Alex/Falls Church South Fairfax/PW West Fairfax/Loudoun Male Female Household with Children 0-4 Years in Washington 5-9 Years 10-19 Years 20+ Years Income under $25,000 $25-$50,000 $50-$100,000 $100-$200,000 $200,000+ 97% 97% 90% 96% 95% 99% 97% 96% 96% 98% 93% 98% 95% 97% 87% 92% 97% 98% 95% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

134 Registered to Vote Washington 2003 All Orthodox Conservative Reconstructionist Reform Just Jewish In-married Conversionary Intermarried Synagogue Member Non-Member JCC Member Non-Member Jewish Organization Member Non-Member Donated to Federation Asked, Did Not Donate Not Asked 96% 93% 96% 100% 97% 95% 98% 97% 97% 97% 95% 97% 96% 97% 96% 98% 99% 94% Federation Non-Donor Donated under $100 Donated $100+ 95% 98% 99% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

135 Registered to Vote Washington 2003 All 96% Republican 98% Democrat 97% Independent 94% Liberal 98% Moderate 96% Conservative 90% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

136 Politically Active

137 Engaged in Political Activity in the Past Year 100% 90% 80% Percentage of Households 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 28% 38% 34% 35% 32% 20% 10% 0% Northeast Midwest South West US Data are for the more Jewishly-connected sample of 4.3 million Jews.

138 100% Participate in Political Activities by Age Washington 2003 80% 60% 48% 47% 50% 46% 45% 40% 39% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ All

139 100% Participate in Political Activities by Age Bergen 2001 80% 60% 40% 27% 31% 41% 29% 35% 34% 20% 0% Under 35 35-49 50-64 65-74 75+ All