EMPIRES *You will need your guided notes each day *You will have a Religions Review & Empires QUIZ next week*
WHAT IS AN EMPIRE? = A large territory under the control of one government that unites different peoples & cultures
I. WHAT MAKES AN EMPIRE? A. Government & Military: 1. A system of govt in place with a leader -example: monarchy 2. Military to protect &/or conquer
B. Economy 1. Collects taxes from citizens to pay for the military, govt, roads, building projects, etc 2. Trades extensively within & outside the empire a. Goods, ideas, technology & disease are exchanged 3. Coin money or currency was used
C. Unites Diverse Peoples 1. Many different people united within the empire a. Multiple belief systems & cultures are present
D. Accomplishments: 1. What did they leave behind? a. Could be: ideas, impact of famous leaders, art, architecture (buildings), writings, laws
E. Decline: 1. Why did these empires collapse? -watch for the patterns as we explore each of these empires!
1. GREECE 510 BC-150 BC
A. GOVT & MILITARY 1. 1 st Democracy: a. Direct Democracy in which male citizens voted on everything i. Women & slaves were excluded 2. Greek Military: a. Army i. the Phalanx formation: soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in rows with shields locked b. Navy i. Used the Trireme ship
B. ECONOMY 1. Collected taxes from citizens, not slaves 2. Traded extensively a. Shared: Greek alphabet, use of logic & reason 3. Used coin money for currency
C. Diverse Groups: 1. Empire eventually united Greeks, Egyptians, Persians, Indians 2. Polytheistic Religion: a. Zeus as #1 God
D. Accomplishments 1. Democracy 2. the Olympics 3. the Greek Alphabet 4. Theater 5. Philosophy: logic & reason 6. the Parthenon & Greek columns 7. Life-like sculptures 8. Math: Pythagorean Theorem 9. Greatest leader: Alexander the Great
Greek Olympics: Javelin Discus Wrestling Chariot Racing Marathon Boxing Pentathlon
ANCIENT GREEK THEATER
GREEK ARCHITECTURE The Parthenon The Lincoln Memorial
E. Decline 1. Death of Alexander the Great 2. Empire was too big 3. Eventually conquered by Roman Empire
2. PERSIA ***NOTE: THERE WERE FOUR PERIODS OF PERSIA, THIS IS FOCUSED ON THE 1 ST FROM 500BC 330BC
A. GOVT & MILITARY 1. Ruled by Emperor w/ centralized gov t a. Cyrus the Great (founder) b. Darius the Great (builder) 2. Capital city in Persepolis a. Empire divided into local regions called satrapies 3. Strong military to protect borders (Greeks to West) a. Fed horses alfalfa = stronger and bigger
The empire of Cyrus and Darius:
Persepolis Located in modern day Iran.
B. ECONOMY 1. Used standardized currency (coins) for tax collection 2. Economy based on trade a. Located at crossroads of Silk Road a. Linked Asia to Europe and Egypt
C. Diverse Groups: 1. United peoples of Arabia, India, Anatolia, etc 2. Many religions in empire a. Main religion of Persia was Zoroastrianism a. Polytheistic, but one supreme God Ahura Mazda b. Jews allowed to return to Jerusalem
D. Accomplishments 1. Persepolis 2. Persian Royal Road a. 1600 miles partially paved 3. Developed Qanat System a. Underground canals used for irrigation 4. Created first efficient courier system a. Mail service for delivering messages
The Persian Courier: "Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night shall stay the Persian Courier from his appointed rounds." - Herodotus
E. Decline 1. Rule of Emperor Xerxes 2. Defeated by Greeks in Persian Wars a. Battle of Marathon 3. Conquered by Alexander the Great a. 330 BC
3. ROMAN EMPIRE 500 BC-479 AD
A.Govt & Military 1. Emperor or Caesar with complete control 2. Roman Military: a. Army: i. the Roman Legions: protected & expanded the Empire, guarded the borders, maintained roads b. Navy: i. Used slaves to row the Galleons
Roman catapult Infantry Shields Roman armor Roman fort
B.Economy 1. Traded with all parts of the Empire on 3 continents: Europe, Africa, Asia 2. Taxes: a. 1 of every 3 Romans was a slave=didn t pay taxes b. Coin money
D. Diverse Groups: 1. 300 million people at its height! 2. Religion: a. Polytheistic that built on the Greeks: Jupiter #1 God b. Christianity illegal until 313 AD 3. Gladiator Games: used to unite (or threaten people) 4. Latin language
ROME AT END OF PAX ROMANA 300 MILLION PEOPLE!
The Coliseum: Bread & Circuses (free food & entertainment)
E. Accomplishments: 1. Laws of the 12 Tables 2. Art & Architecture: borrowed Greek styles & columns a. Coliseum & Pantheon b. Bridges, roads, canals, bath houses 3. Engineering: Aqueducts 4. The Census 5. Leaders: Julius Caesar, Augustus
Borrowed Greek ideas: columns, statues
Bridges, roads, canals, bath houses Roman road Roman bridge Roman baths in England main bath pool
Aqueducts: running water indoors through pipe system=possible lead poisoning? Aqueducts Video Clip The watercarrying channel of the Aqueduct
The Death of Caesar, by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1867). On March 15, 44 BC, (date known as the Ides of March) Octavius's adoptive father Julius Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
Caesar Augustus
E. Decline 1. Invasions: barbarians + the Huns (*Attila the Hun) 2. Bad Emperors: corrupt 3. High taxes: no middle class, inflation, too many slaves 4. Christianity 5. Fall of Rome = DARK AGES in Western Europe from 500-1000AD
ATTILA THE HUN: THE SCOURGE OF GOD
WEAPONS/TECHNIQUES OF HUNS
ALL FLEE FROM THE HUNS
Unique Aspects of Jesus Teachings: --the Trinity --son of God --Messiah --salvation --Communion --Forgiveness of sins --love all -- New Testament --Sunday Sabbath --love God with whole heart --all EQUAL in eyes of God
TO WHOM DID EARLY CHRISTIANITY APPEAL TO? "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." (Matthew 19:24)
ICHTHYS FISH
ROMANS FED CHRISTIAN TO LIONS AT THE COLISEUM