Introduction: (صرف) which shows you the placement of the word grammatically and sarf (نحو) There is grammar which gives you the derivatives or root of the words. We will look at both. Revision from last week: is they ask each other. The verb is (يتسألون) ask. which is to,(سأل) root word is,(يتسألون) 1..(افعال الخمسة ( the present tense, plural masculine, raised by thaboot al noon. It is one of.(انبأ) and the verb is (اسم مجرور ( is is THE great news, and it :(نبأ) 2. is a cradle, baby s bed (مهادا) 3. something that is lit, like a lamp / sun (سراجا) 4. is illuminated, glowing with light, like the glitter of the sun (وهاجا) 5. which is to squeeze, as if the clouds are being (عصر) are clouds and root is (المعصرات) 6. squeezed to release the rain. (ثجا) is flowing in abundance and constantly and root word is (ثجاجا) 7. Next words to learn: is something hidden in the (خب) is a dry well and (جب) and (ح با) is seed and love is (حبا) 1..(شعير) barley,(حنطة) is what is essential to the diet, like wheat (حبا) ground. is anything that grows from the earth, whether trees (نبت) is plant and root word is (نباتا) 2. or flowers, and it is what the animals eat, such as grass. Since in the ayah it is being mentioned together with (حبا) so it is only referring to what animals eat, ie: fodder. which is what is hidden, like (جن ( is and the verb (جنه) is gardens and its singular is (جنات) 3. is hidden because we (جنه) and (جن) womb, baby in the (جنين) mind, crazy in the (مجنون) do not know what it is like, as if it is hidden behind trees, wrapped in trees. And some scholars say that in this ayah (جنات) not only refers to gardens but also the fruits of the garden. which is turning around. As if the tress are intertwined (لف ( from is twisted which is (الفافا) 4. in jennah. When you stop on a word in the Quran, you make the last letter sakin. HW: take these new words and write their definitions in Arabic, can use www.almaany.com ٱل ذ ى ه م ف يه م خ ت ل ف ون )٣ ) About which they are in disagreement. (3) ٱل ذ ى ه م ف يه م خ ت ل ف ون.(م خ ت ل ف ون ( is (خبر) and the (ه م ( is (مبتدأ) the,(جمله اسميه ( a This It is the predicate of the subject, and it is raised by.(خبر مبتدأ عالمة رفعه الواو ألنه جمع مذكر سالم ( :(مختلفون).(ضمير منفصل ( a wow because it is regular, masculine plural. And it is Page 1
(و) and it is raised by (مرفوع) and it is always,(مفرد) is (خبر) According to the chart below, the type of.(جمع مذكر سالم ( is because it ف يه (الذي هم مختلفون فيه ( say because grammatically it is also correct to (مختلفون) notice it is preceding :(ف يه ( but kallam Allah is best, and Allah is emphasizing ( (ف يه which is the great news. They can have differences, but the great difference is a result of the great news. is referring to (ه) shows something that is drowning in it, and the (في) and the (ه) + (في) is actually (ف يه ( the great news. So (في) is ( جر (حرف and, ضمير ( is acts as a pronoun, so when we analyze it (ه) is not mentioned, the (نبأ ( since but,(نبأ) is the (ه) as an (جر) dragged it is a connected pronoun, in the place of being (متصل مبني في محل جر اسم مجرور.(اسم مجرور ( :(خبر) Types of Predicates A (خبر) is what completes the sentence. Page 2
ك ال س ي ع ل م ون )٤ ) Nay, they will come to know! (4) ك ال.(حرف زجر و ردع ( called is to rebuke or scolding as a result of denying, it is (كال) س ي ع ل م ون Let us find the root of this word. How can we figure out how to find the root word? Remove the following letters, which are being combined in this one word (سألتمونيها) when the letters are essential you do not delete them. From it you get,(علم) how is it different from?(عرف) (علم) is more rooted in knowledge. The (س) is called ( استقبال تسويف (حرف letter for future / for postponing and it is ( قريب (مستقبل which is near future. is far future. So Allah is saying the Day of Judgement is near because once a (مستقبل بعيد ( is (سوف) person dies, his recompense/punishment begins, ie: the grave. it is a connected (ضمير متصل في محل رفع الفاعل ( is referring to a group. And it (واو الجماعة ( is (و) pronoun raised in the place of the doer. Page 3
doer. indicator for the (عالمة رفع الخمسة ( is (ن) فعل مضارع مرفوع بثبوت النون النه من ( is the analysis for it (سيعلمون) So when we take the whole word into: is divided (مضارع) Because?(مضارع) You might ask why are we saying.(االفعال الخمسة Let s take it all together ( سيعلمون (كال it is a ( فعلية (جملة verb sentence. There is a (فعل) verb and.(و) and doer is (يعلم) doer. The verb is (فاعل) Page 4
Verbs: Two types of verbs: which is (ماذا) acts as answering the question (مفعول به (.(مفعول به ( a sufficient, you will not have (الزم) 1..(ماذا ذهب ) you cannot say (الزم) is (ذهب الولد ( verb what. So the.(كتب سمع ( like,(متعدي) most verbs are,(مفعول به ( a passing, meaning it will have (متعدي) 2. So when we take (سيعلمون) it is,(متعدي) but we do not see the ( به,(مفعول so we do not know what they know? There is (حذف) it has been emitted. And in the Quran, when there is (حذف) it means everything and not one specific thing, so they will get to know everything they denied. On the Day of Judgement, they will know everything that they denied. ث م ك ال س ي ع ل م ون )٥ ) Then, Nay, they will come to know! (5) When there is recurring ayah in the Quran it means there is emphasis, and it is showing that each ayah has its weight. ث م Means then and it is called (,(حرف عطف (عطف) means caring. They are considered gentle words. Page 5
Anything that comes after ( عطف (حرف is called,(معطوف) as if these letters are caring for the words that come after them. These words do not know what haraka to take, so the ( عطف (حرف will see what is before it, which is called ( عليه.(معطوف Whatever haraka it takes, then the (معطوف) will take the same. So the (معطوف) is called a,(تابع) a follower. So (ثم) means later they will get to know. We ask Allah to open our hearts to be able to receive and understand this knowledge. Ameen. Page 6