Church History A basic timeline of Christianity thus far
Pentecost The Holy Spirit descended on those gathered in the upper room. Often referred to as the birth of Christianity.
St Peter One of Jesus closest friends. Came out of the upper room after Pentecost preaching Jesus Word. Jesus placed him as head of the Church You are the Rock.
St Stephen 1 st Martyr First person to be murdered for being a follower of Christ. Saul, later to become Paul, looked after the cloaks of those who stoned him to death.
St Paul Became a follower of Jesus after receiving a vision on the way to Damascus. Travelled widely and preached to various peoples. Legally - Roman. Religiously - Jew. Intellectually - Greek
Christian Persecution In 64 AD Nero burnt Rome and blamed the Christians. This continued a series of persecutions over the next 250 years.
Roman Empire
220ChrsMAP Facilitated by Roman language, laws, & roads.
Council of Nicaea First Ecumenical (general) council, at Nicaea, in 325 CE. Here the word homoousios (of one in being) was used to describe the relationship between Jesus and the Father. Both Scripture and church tradition are emphasized as Revelation of God The heresy of Arianism was rejected.
The Nicene Creed We believe in God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and all that is seen and unseen.
The Nicene Creed We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,
The Nicene Creed begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man.
The Nicene Creed For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day he rose again in fulfilment of the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
The Nicene Creed He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and His kingdom will have no end.
The Nicene Creed We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets.
The Nicene Creed We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
Barbarian Migrations into the West in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries
Viking, Islamic, and Magyar Invasions to the Eleventh Century
C230Monastery of St. Catherine Monastery of St. Catherine, dedicated to a martyr who argued persuasively for Christianity vs. pagan intellectuals.
The Rock off the western Irish Coast known as "Skellig Michael" was inhabited by Irish Monks for over 600 years; from 588-1222 A.D. "Skellig" (or skeilic) is a Gaelic word used to describe a rock island out in the ocean. The ancient stone bee-hive huts and Church are barely seen two-thirds of the way up the sheer rock face. The monastery was founded by Fionán, believed to be one of the original monks who was a member of the community of St. Brendan the Navigator.
Abbey of Cluny
D72Benedictine Monastery 9th c. Benedictine Monastery in Catalonia Spain
The Great East/West Schism A split from the Eastern Church (Greek/Byzantium) and the Western Church (Latin/Roman) By the beginning of 11th Century there were already some differences: Different Rituals, Different type of communion bread, Different version of the Nicene Creed. When the Crusades began it re-awakened communication between each side. The 11th Century Popes wanted to control Christianity, but, the Patriarch of Constantinople did not accept this. Therefore the Pope in Rome, excommunicated the Easterners, and declared himself leader of the Church
The King owned all the land. The only person above the King was God. Feudalism The Tenants-in-Chief gave away some of their land to knights. The knights had to promise to obey the Tenants-in-Chief and provide services for them. There were around 5000 Under- Tenants. These were the 200 or so most important people in England. King William gave them land and they promised to help him rule and provide knights for his army. The Under-Tenants would let their land be used by the peasants. In return, the peasants had to obey the Under-Tenants and work extremely hard for them.
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Crusades
Martin Luther: Martin Luther was the one that gave birth to Protestantism. He was born in Germany. He was a German monk that felt that the Catholic church was practicing illegal things. Although he was a monk he had a guilty conscience. Luther s beliefs said that Faith+good works= Earth instead of the Catholic Church teachings that said that Faith+ good works=heaven
The Council of Trent Called by Paul III (r. 1534-1549) who realised the abuses in the Catholic Church had caused so much harm that a Catholic Reform was needed in response to the Reformation. He called a general council of the Church to clearly state Catholic Teachings. God is revealed in both Scripture and Tradition. The Catholic Church is the final interpreter of the Bible for Christians There are 7 Sacraments
Vatican Council 1 Called by Pope Pius IX (1869-70) 276 Italian Bishops and 265 Bishops from other countries. Main result was to decree that the Pope could speak infallibly Meaning: The Pope could not make a mistake on matters of Faith and Morals when speaking officially, as the successor of St Peter. The technical term for this is when he speaks ex cathedra (from the chair (of St Peter)). Infallibility does not refer to everything the Pope might say, think or teach in general. Most Popes have never done invoked this law.
Vatican Council 2 Called by Pope John XXIII (1962-65) Major purposes were: To promote the unit of all Christians To study how the Church could adapt itself to a rapidly changing world. Major results of this council in terms of Liturgy: Priest now faces the people throughout the Mass Lay people fully participate at Mass (Readers, Eucharistic ministers etc.) Communion can be received in the hands Parish Councils were encouraged.