Religious Unit Chapter 3 Section 2 and 4 Chapter 6 Section 3 and Chapter 10 Sec. 1
HINDUISM Is a collection of religious beliefs over time It is based on shared views 1. Religion liberates the soul from the sadness of life 2. The individual soul relates to the world soul 3. Through reincarnation(rebirth), an individual soul is constantly reborn until Moksha (state of perfect understanding) is attained
4. the soul s karma (good and bad deeds) follows through all stages of reincarnation 5. Karma influences life, caste, health and wealth The world soul (Brahman) has 3 personalities: 1. Brahma - Creator 2. Vishnu - Protector 3. Shiva - Destroyer
Believers in Hinduism may choose to worship any deity or not at all Each person chooses his/her own path Ancient scriptures are called the Verdas 83% of India are Hindu about 1.15 billion people
Brahma - Creator
Vishnu - Protector
Shiva - Destroyer
Founder was Mahavira 599 BC to 527 all living beings have souls and should not be harmed toleration of other religions
Buddhism Founder - Siddhartha Gautama, a noble man from Nepal lived a very privileged and protected life. Married and had a son. after the birth of the son he wandered for 6 years seeking wisdom and enlightenment He developed the Four Noble Truths
The Four Noble Truths 1. Everything in life is pain and sorrow 2. Suffering is caused by people s selfish desire for temporary pleasures 3. Suffering will end when desires are extinguished 4. The way to this stage is to follow the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path 1. Right views 2. Resolve 3. Speech 4. Conduct 5. Livelihood 6. Effort 7. Mindfulness 8. Concentration
Once the eight steps are followed, nirvana is attained Believe in reincarnation but not the caste system of the Hindi culture Dharma - Buddhist holy book or doctrine 350-500 million people are Buddhists, most live in Asian countries
Location
Judaism Most early history of the Hebrew is contained in the 1st five books of the Hebrew Bible called the Torah Abraham lived in Mesopotamia and he was commanded by God to move to Canaan and later Egypt during the travels they prayed to one god (Monotheist) The story of Moses and the Egyptians is part of the Hebrew history When the Jews left Egypt they called it the Exodus
10 Commandments 1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me 2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven images 3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain 4. Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy 5. Honor thy father and thy mother 6. Thou shalt not kill 7. Thou shalt not commit adultery 8. Thou shalt not steal 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor 10. Thou shalt not covet any thing that is thy neighbor s
The land and people of the bible After Moses died they moved back to Canaan They were organized into 12 tribes Judges were created to unite the tribes The ten commandments were part of the code that they lived by. Worship God and treat other beings fairly
Kingdom of Israel Philistines threaten the Hebrew s position in ancient Palestine From 1020 to 922 BC the Hebrews united under three able kings: Saul, David and Solomon Saul was choses largely because he drove the Philistines from the central hills. He was known for bouts of jealousy David: extremely popular leader, united the tribes, established Jerusalem as the capital Solomon: Built trading empire, built great temple which was home of the Ark of the Covenant, know for his wisdom (baby story), high taxes caused the tribes to split.
first major religion to teach the existence of one god 14 million Jews in the world Leaders are called Rabbis Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings
SYNAGOGUE MENORAH STAR OF DAVID SCULPTURE OF MOSES
Christianity According to Jewish tradition God Promised that the Messiah would restore the kingdom of the Jews. Jesus (founder of Christian religion) was born in Judea and at the age of 30 he began to preach from traditional Jewish doctrine. Roman leaders feared that Jesus would incite people to riot so they had him arrested and put to death After his death his followers said that he appeared and went to heaven His followers came to be called Christians and were first lead by Peter
Basic Beliefs One god Jesus Christ is the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin. His death and resurrection made eternal life possible for others 2.1 Billion Christians in the world Priests, ministers, monks and nuns lead services
ISLAM/Muslims Muhammad was born around 570 AD and at the age of 40 he took religion as his life s mission and became a prophet He began to teach that Allah was the one and only God. Islam is the religion based on his teachings. The followers of Islam are called Muslims. Islam means the submission to the will of Allah Muhammad is considered the last and greatest prophet
Beliefs Muslims believe that God revealed his teachings to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel 1.3 Billion people world wide Name of Deity - Allah spread by Muhammad A person achieves salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life
Five Pillars faith - There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah prayer - 5 times a day facing Mecca alms - support the poor by giving money or goods fasting - during Ramadan eat only one meal a day after sunset. This is to remind followers that their spiritual needs are greater than their physical needs pilgrimage - hajj- trip to the holy city of Mecca at least once
Qur an is the holy book of the Islamic faith and it contains 114 Chapters and is written in Arabic Muslims consider Jews and Christians to be people of the book because they believe that Allah is the same God that is worshipped by Jews and Christians They believe that the Qur an perfects the earlier teachings found in the Torah and Bible
MOSQUE MECCA TODAY
Location of Mecca
Picture of a Qur an