The Bible as Your GPS. Welcome. Welcome. Facilitator information. Introduction of students. Agenda. Kobus Genis

Welcome The Bible as Your GPS Welcome Facilitator information Introduction of students Agenda. Kobus Genis 2012 1

Agenda The Bible as Your GPS Agenda 1. A Test Drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 2

Course objectives Course objectives Goal: You will be able to use the tools in the Bible as your GPS to understand, apply and communicate the essentials of the Bible into the 21 st century. How will we accomplish our goal? - You will demonstrate knowledge of the GPS model. - You will learn how to get to the message to the original receiver of the Bible passage. - You will learn how to discern if the message to the original receiver is applicable or not to our situation. - You will learn how to communicate the essentials to specific target groups. - You will practice the GPS model on Bible passages. Kobus Genis 2012 3

1. A TEST DRIVE Objective: You will experience a taste of what you will be able to do yourself and that is to experience the wonder of the Bible! A Test Drive Kobus Genis 2012 4

4 But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, 5 made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions it is by grace you have been saved. 6 And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 in order that in the coming ages he might show the incomparable riches of his grace, expressed in his kindness to us in Christ Jesus. 8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God 9 not by works, so that no one can boast. Kobus Genis 2012 6

10 For we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. (ew International Version) Kobus Genis 2012 7

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2. HOW DID THE BIBLE COME ITO BEIG? Objective: To discover that the Bible is the greatest monument of humankind and how it is still applicable today! Agenda 1. A Test Drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 9

How THE BIBLE came into being. (Schematic) Traditions Oral Written Languages Hebrew Aramaic Greek Latin (Vulgate -255) English King James ±1000BC ±400BC ±90AD 397AD ±1546 AD ±1611 AD Councils Jamnia (Jewish Council) ±90AD OT Canon without Apocrypha Carthage ±397AD T Canon (Early Church accepts the decisions of Jamnia & Carthage) Trent ±1546AD (Located in orthern Italy) Roman Catholics officially defined the Catholic Canon which include the Apocrypha) Assyrian Empires Babylonian Greek (Alexander the Great) Roman Persian Kobus Genis 2012 10

How THE BIBLE came into being A Process 1. Genuine. 2. Authenticity. 3. Divine authority and inspiration. APOCRYPHA CAO Why should we have some understanding of how the Bible came to us? The Bible did not just simply drop from the sky, but it came into being through a fascinating, but complicating process. To best understand the process we need to be aware of the dispute regarding which books are, or are not, included. The books that made it into the Bible are called the CAO. "Canon" is a Greek word which means a rule or measuring line. A Canonical book, therefore, passes the test of being authentic, genuine, and of divine authority and inspiration. The debate regarding the canon and apocrypha stems back to the early church and the Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint. After Jerusalem had been sacked by the Romans in 70 AD, there was another Diaspora of Jewish people all over the world. Spoken and written Hebrew remained strong in the lands of Judea/Palestine, as opposed to Alexandria, the home of many Greek speaking Jews. This lack of familiarity with the Hebrew Scriptures gave impetus for Greek speaking Jews, to translate the Hebrew scriptures. This translation is called the Septuagint. There were other writings circulating, in Alexandria especially, which were being widely read. These writings were included in the Septuagint. These writings are called Apocrypha by Protestants. The word Apocrypha comes from the Greek word, meaning hidden or concealed. The term generally refers to religious writings found in the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate, but not in the Hebrew Bible. Kobus Genis 2012 11

How THE BIBLE came into being A Process The Jews The Roman Catholic Church The Protestants The Apocrypha consists of 15 books of Jewish literature written during the intertestamental period. What is the significance of the Apocrypha? For Christians and Jews, these books represent a continuation of sacred writings in the Jewish community up until Christ came. They paint a picture of the cultural and religious mindset in Judaism before the appearance of Christianity. They set the scene for the coming of Jesus and help the reader to relate to the social and religious context Jesus found in Israel. The acceptance of the apocrypha: As a general summary: * The Jews. accept the apocrypha as part of their Scriptures. * Protestants also. accept the Apocrypha as Scripture, though some ascribe to them value as "good and useful reading" and "for example of life and instruction of manners." * The Roman Catholic Church.. 12 of the 15 apocryphal books at the Council of Trent, April 8, 1546 A.D. as canonical (omitting I & II Esdras and the defaulter of Manassah from the above list). Roman Catholics call these writings deuterocanonicals or second canon because its inspiration was recognized later. Roman Catholics argue that the Apocrypha was an integral part of the early church and should be included in the list of inspired Old Testament books. However, Protestants, Roman Catholics, and Greek Orthodox Christians on the same 27 books for the composition of the ew Testament. Kobus Genis 2012 12

How THE BIBLE came into being. 1. The Traditions TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK 2500 BC ORAL The Bible evolved over a time span of approximately 2000 years. The time span can be divided in an tradition and a tradition. The oral tradition is likely dated to the time of Abraham, around 1800 BC. Before anything in the Bible was written down, people told stories about God and God's relationship with the people we now read about in the Bible. The oral tradition lasted for many years as families passed along the stories of their ancestors to each new generation. In the case of the Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament), some stories were told for centuries before they were written down in a final form. Kobus Genis 2012 13

How THE BIBLE came into being. 1. The Traditions TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK TALK 2500 BC ORAL WRITTE Eventually, as human societies in the ear East began to develop forms of writing that were easy to learn and use (around 1800 B.C.), people began to write down the stories, songs (Psalms), and prophecies that would one day become a part of the Bible. These were written on papyrus, a paper-like material made from reeds, or on vellum, which was made from dried animal skins. But all the books found in the Old Testament were not written down at one time. This process took centuries. While some books were being written and collected, others were still being passed on in storytelling fashion. Some very old copies of both the Old and ew Testament writings have been preserved, and they are now stored in museums and libraries around the world. Once the stories of the Bible began to be written down, it became necessary to make new copies before the old ones wore out from repeated use and became unreadable. Sometimes several scribes made copies while another scribe read the text aloud. The books of the Old Testament were written over several centuries, beginning in the 10th century BC - by which time the Hebrews were settled in Canaan, or Palestine. The Old Testament, in roughly the form that we know it, did not emerge until after the return from Babylonian exile around 500-450 BC. Likewise the ew Testament underwent a similar process of development, although in a much shorter time frame. The first letters of Paul were written around AD 45-50, the first Gospel (Mark) around AD 60, and the last of the canonical Epistles around AD 90-100. Rolls of papyrus (plant material) and parchment (animal skin) were used. Probably the first written parts of Scripture were short pieces of poetry, dating to the time of the exodus around 1300 BC. Kobus Genis 2012 14

How THE BIBLE came into being. Council of Jamnia ±AD 90 2. The Councils Old Testament ew Testament Council of Carthage ±AD 397 Council of Trent ±AD 1546 + Apocrypha/ Deuterocanon The entire Old Testament canon, without any of the apocryphal books, did not reach an "official" codified form in Judaism until the Council of Jamnia in ±AD 90. This was largely a Jewish response to Christianity that was producing new writings (what we call the ew Testament) to add to what was already authoritative in Judaism. However, the 27 books of the ew Testament did not emerge as an entire body of collected writings until well into the third century AD at the Council of Carthage AD 397. Even then, some of the books were debated (for example, Hebrews, James, the Revelation) and some sections of the church used books that were not accepted in other areas (The Didache, The Epistles of Clement, The Shepherd of Hermas, etc.). So although the ew Testament took shape over roughly.. years and was virtually complete by the early second century AD, it took another two to three centuries for the church to begin defining the canon of the ew Testament. However, the Christian canon was not "officially" closed until the tensions that erupted during the Reformation led to the exclusion of the Apocrypha by the emerging Protestants, which in turn led to the Catholic Council of Trent in AD 1546 that officially defined the Catholic canon including the apocryphal books. The apocryphal books are called being called the deuteron-canon (second canon) by the Roman Catholics and are included in their Bible. Kobus Genis 2012 15

How THE BIBLE came into being. 3. The Languages HEBREW GREEK LATI EGLISH HEBREW Most of the original manuscripts of the Old Testament were written in, although a few chapters of Ezra and Daniel were recorded in Aramaic (dialect of Hebrew), the language spoken by Jesus. FROM HEBREW TO GREEK The ew Testament was written in the first century AD in Greek because it was the most. language around the Mediterranean at the time. The Septuagint (Greek) The first translations of the Bible were of the Hebrew Bible into Greek. It is called the Septuagint. The conquest of. the Great in the fourth century BC made Greek the most widely spoken language in the Mediterranean area. It, therefore, seemed a natural step to translate the Scriptures into Greek for the benefit of non-hebrew-speaking Jews. FROM GREEK to LATI (The Vulgate (Latin) As the centuries after the resurrection unfolded, the dominant language spoken in the Empire began to change. o longer was Greek the dominant language. In 382, Pope Damascus therefore commissioned Jerome (c. 347-420) to translate the Bible into Latin, a task which took him twenty years to complete. FROM LATI to EGLISH The first English translation of the Bible was by John Wycliffe. He translated the Bible into English from the Latin Vulgate. This was a translation from a translation and not a translation from the original Hebrew and Greek. Wycliffe was forced to translate from the Latin Vulgate because he did not know Hebrew or Greek. The Advent of Printing greatly aided the transmission of the biblical texts. The King James Version (1611AD) is the translation from the original Hebrew and Greek into English. Kobus Genis 2012 16

How THE BIBLE came into being. 4. The Empires WEST EAST Greek Persian Roman Babylonian Assyrian Most scholars agree that the Old Testament, the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon, was composed and compiled between the 12th and the 2nd century BC. It was during the time of the Assyrian (900-607BC), Babylonian (607-536BC), Persian and Greek Empires. The first mention of Assyria in The Bible is extremely ancient - Genesis 2:14 speaks of the region in relation to The Garden of Eden. Although founded as early as 1700 B.C., the Assyrian Empire, with its capital at ineveh, actually had its greatest influence on Bible History during the period from about 900 to 600 B.C. The Assyrians conquered and took into captivity the northern kingdom of Israel, from which the "Lost Ten Tribes" never returned (2 Kings 17:1-23). The ew Babylonian Empire, which existed from 606 to 536 B.C., fully conquered the southern kingdom of Judah in 586 B.C. It was then that the Babylonians under the rule of King ebuchadnezzar completely devastated the city of Jerusalem, looted and burned the original Temple of God, built by Solomon (see Temple Mount Treasures), and carried the people of Judah, including the prophets Daniel and Ezekiel, off into captivity. Of all of the human empires that affected the people of Israel, the Persians did something rather unique - they permitted the return of the people of the southern kingdom of Judah, by God's command (see above verses), 70 years after their exile by the Babylonians under King ebuchadnezzar. Kobus Genis 2012 17

The world power shifted from the east to the west with the rise of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great lived only about 33 years, from 356 to 323 B.C., but during that time he became one of the most successful military commanders in human history. He became the ruler of the earth from Greece to India. Alexander died before his thirty-third birthday. After his death, his empire was divided among his four generals. They shared Alexander s dream and continued to spread Greek culture, Greek thinking and the Greek language everywhere. The next world rulers, the Romans, fully embraced Greek culture. The Greek dialect used at the time was known as koine (general) Greek and flourished in the Roman Empire. The ew Testament, the name given to the final portion of the Christian Bible, written after the Old Testament, were written in Koine Greek by various unknown authors after c. AD 45 and before c. AD 140. Its 27 books were gradually collected into a single volume over a period of several centuries. Kobus Genis 2012 18

How THE BIBLE came into being. (End remarks) Bible means books Dead Sea Scrolls Manuscripts Codex Sinaiticus Codex Vaticanus WHERE DOES THE AME BIBLE COME FROM? The Bible is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and ew Testament of Christianity. The word Bible comes from the Greek βιβλια biblia, meaning "books", which in turn is derived from βυβλος byblos meaning "papyrus", from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus. MAUSCRIPTS Although we don t have the original manuscripts of the Bible, we do have manuscripts that still exist today. Some of the most important are: 1. The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in eleven caves along the northwest shore of the Dead Sea between the years 1947 and 1956. The Dead Sea Scrolls date from 200 B.C. - 70 A.D. and contain the entire book of Isaiah and portions of every other Old Testament book but Esther. There are over 5,600 early Greek Manuscripts of the ew Testament that are still in existence. The oldest manuscripts were written on papyrus and the later manuscripts were written on leather, called parchment. 2. 350 A.D. Codex Sinaiticus contains the entire ew Testament and almost the entire Old Testament in Greek. It was discovered by a German scholar, Tisendorf, in 1856 at an Orthodox monastery at Mt. Sinai. 3. 350 A.D. Codex Vaticanus is an almost complete ew Testament. It was cataloged as being in the Vatican Library since 1475. Kobus Genis 2012 19

How THE BIBLE came into being. (End remarks) Old Testament ew Testament 27 39 TOTAL = 66 The Bible consists of two major divisions. These two primary divisions are the 39 books that constitute the Old Testament and the 27 books of the ew Testament. The names "Old Testament" and "ew Testament" have been used since the close of the second century A.D. to distinguish the Jewish (God s covenant with Israel) and Christian (God s new covenant people) Scriptures. Testament was a translation of the Hebrew word berith ("a covenant") to render the Greek word diatheke (Latin testamentum). Even though these books were written at different times and varying circumstances, they harmoniously compliment each other and constitute a whole. It has been aptly remarked that the Hebrew scriptures are the ew Testament in prophecy and the ew Testament is the Hebrew scriptures in fulfillment (Jer. 31: 31-34, cp. Heb. 8: 7-13). When one considers there were about 40 persons, many of whom from totally different backgrounds, and about 1500 years consumed in the making of the Bible, the Bible truly bespeaks inspiration - a book beyond the scope of mere humankind. o other book has influenced the thinking of humankind and the molding of their character as the Bible. The Bible is for sure the Greatest Monument of Humankind! For the next session please read the pages in the book The Bible as Your GPS that covers the 10 major blocks of the Bible (pages 25, 35, 45-46, 89-90, 111-112, 169-170, 243, 267-268 & 303-307). Kobus Genis 2012 20

3. OVERVIEW OF THE BIBLE Objective: To get a better overview of the Bible which will help you to better understand, apply and communicate the essentials of the Bible. Agenda 1. A test drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 21

Overview of the Bible 1. Pre- History 2. The Patriarchs 3. Exodus and Conquest 4. Judges 5. United Kingdom 6. Divided Kingdom and Exile 7. In Exile 8. Return from Exile 9 9. 400 Silent Years 8 10. ew Testament 7 6 5 4 2 3 1 10 Kobus Genis 2012 22

Overview of the Bible 1. Pre-History Creation 1. Fall Gen 1-11 Confusion of Babel Flood The first 11 chapters of Genesis describe how human beings miss the mark. The rest of the Bible tells us how God accompanies human beings on their journey through life in order to create a community of believers a family of faith! Kobus Genis 2012 23

Overview of the Bible (±2000 ±1250 BC) 2. Four main characters 2. Patriarchs and Slavery God s rescue plan a covenant Abraham Isaac Gen 12-50 Jacob Joseph In these chapters in Genesis, we see the wondrous ways God goes about establishing a new community of faith. Kobus Genis 2012 24

Overview of the Bible 3. Exodus to Conquest (±1250 1220 BC) Exodus Joshua 3. A FAMILY TURS ITO A ATIO- God begins to fulfill his promise to Abraham Events Moses leads the people from Egypt Offering system The Passover The desert wanderings Conquest of Canaan Kobus Genis 2012 25

Overview of the Bible (±1200 1020 BC) Judges & Ruth 4. 4. Judges The events between the entry into the Promised Land and the establishment of the monarchy of Israel 12 tribes not closely united A ray of light in dark times Dark period Faith in God dwindled during this phase God uses Ruth and Boaz Kobus Genis 2012 26

Overview of the Bible 5. The United Kingdom (±1020 925 BC) 1 2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1-11 5. 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles 9 Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Monarchy established 3 Kings Saul David Solomon God continues to work out his rescue plan for the nations 2 Sam 7:10, 12, 14-16 Kobus Genis 2012 27

Overview of the Bible (925 586 BC) 6. The Divided Kingdom and Exile 1 Kings 12 2 Kings 25 2 Chronicles 10 36; Jonah; Amos; Hosea; Isaiah 1-39; Micah; ahum; Zephaniah Jeremiah; Lamentations Habakkuk; Obadiah; Isaiah 40-66 6. The consequence of breaking the covenant through idolatry: A Divided Kingdom 1 Kings 11: 9 & 1 Kings 12: 14 orthern Kingdom = Israel (10 tribes) Southern Kingdom = Judah (2 tribes) God continues to be committed to his covenant - Prophets point to new things Kobus Genis 2012 28

Overview of the Bible (925 586 BC) 6. The Divided Kingdom and Exile Ezekiel and Daniel 6. 722BC The end of the orthern Kingdom Assyrians 2 Kings 17: They continued to sin against God and ignored the prophets warnings 586BC The end of the Southern Kingdom Babylonians The unthinkable happened: Jerusalem collapsed How will God fulfill his promises to Abraham and Israel? Kobus Genis 2012 29

Overview of the Bible 7. 7 In Exile (925 586 BC) Ezekiel and Daniel 7. Changed way of worship From Temple sacrifices in Jerusalem to prayer, confession and teaching in houses The unthinkable happened: Jerusalem collapsed How will God fulfill his promises to Abraham and Israel? Kobus Genis 2012 30

Overview of the Bible 8. 8 Return from Exile (538 420 BCBC) Haggai; Zechariah; Joel; Esther Ezra ; ehemiah; Malachi 8. The Persians encouraged the repatriation and also subsidized it. Persians The first group returned ± 536BC and started to rebuild the temple The next main group returned 458BC with Ezra In 444BC ehemiah returned with another group The Exiles who returned were called Jews derived from Yehudi which is related to Judah God remains faithful in keeping his promises. The prophets continue to point to the Messiah. Kobus Genis 2012 31

Overview of the Bible 9. 9 400 Silent Years OT 9. (420- ±6BC) Décor shifts 1. Political shifts 2. Cultural shifts 3. Geographical shifts 4. Religious shifts 5. Language shifts T Kobus Genis 2012 32

Overview of the Bible 10. ew Testament 10. The 27 books that make up the T were nearly all written before the end of ad 100. The 27 books can be grouped the following way: The four Gospels T The Acts of the Apostles The letters of Paul God is faithful to his covenant in creating a The general letters community of John s visions believers a family of faith! Kobus Genis 2012 33

The Bible Schematic representation. Pre-History The Patriarchs and Slavery Exodus and Conquest Judges The United Kingdom 1 2 3 4 5 Genesis 1-11:9 Genesis 11:10-50 Exodus - Joshua Judges and Ruth 1&2 Samuel, 1Kings 1-11, 1. Creation. Job 1Chronicles -------------- -------------- -------------- 2. Fall.? 2Chronicles 9, 3. Flood. Psalms, 4. Babel. -------------- ------------- -------------- Proverbs, -------------- -------------- -------------- Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon. -------------- -------------- -------------- Pre-History - Creation - oah builds the Ark Abraham (-2166) Joseph (-1915 to - 1805) Moses (-1526 to - ±1406) Promised Land Judges (-1375) Samuel Saul king 1050, David king - 1010-2500 -2000-1406 -1375-1105 + Temple -959-2500 Egyptians discover papyrus and ink, first libraries. -2300 - Egyptians tame horses, bow and arrow used in warfare. -1700 - Egyptian document describes medical and surgical procedures. -1400 First period of Chinese literature; intricate clock used in Egypt -1200 Labor strike in Thebes; first Chinese dictionary. -1183 Destruction of Troy -1000 City of Peking built; glazing of bricks and tiles begin in the ear East. Divided Kingdom The Bible Schematic representation. Exile Return from Exile The 400 Silent Years ew Testament 6 7 8 9 1Kings 12 2Kings 25; 2Chronicles 9-36; Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, ahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. Elijah -875, Elisha -848, Jonah -793, Hosea -753, Isaiah -740, Jeremiah -627, ineve destroyed -620, Daniel -605 orthern Tribes (Israel), break away. Southern Tribes = Judah End of orthern Kingdom (Israel) -722 Daniel en Ezekiel Prayer, confession and teaching from Scripture became focus of their worship End of Southern Kingdom (Judah), Jerusalem destroyed -586 The returning Exiles were called Jews for the first time. [Yehudi = Judah (Tribe of).] Ezra, ehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. Temple complet ed -515 Ezra 7 en ehemia -464 to -423 Esther Queen of Persia -515 Old Testament Apocrypha: 1 & 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judit, Additions to Daniel (1. The Prayer of Azariah Daniel 3 2. The Song of the Three Holy Children. 3. The story of Suzanna -Daniel 13-. 4. Bel and the Dragon Daniel 14.) Additions to Esther, The prayer of Manasseh, The letter of Jeremiah, The Book of Baruch, The Wisdom of Joshua Ben-Sira, The Wisdom of Solomon, 1 & 2 Maccabees. -925 to -586-586 to -538-538 to -420-420 to ± -6 Assyrians invent inflatable skins -900 First known date of Olympic Games - 776 Gautama Buddha born -563, Confucius born -551 Lock & key, water level & carpenters square - 550 Polo in Persia -525, Rome Republic -509, Indian surgeon performs the first cataract operation, origin of Halloween - 500, first time Greek men choose short haircuts, Parthenon -448. Romans build first paved road -312, Hebrew O.T. translated to Greek -255, Great wall of China built -215, Julius Ceasar born -100, Rome conquers England -55, Cleopatra becomes Egyptian ruler -51 Kobus Genis 2012 34

4. THE FIRST PROCESS OF THE BIBLE GPS IS UDERSTADIG. Objective: To realize that because the Bible was written in different language, tradition, time, situation and history we need a responsible method to understand the message to the original receiver of the Bible. Agenda 1. A test drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 35

Why is the Bible not always easy to understand?.. Kobus Genis 2012 36

In Flanders Fields I FLADERS FIELDS the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. By John McCrae Why is it easier for Canadians to understand this poem than people e.g. in the Philippines? Kobus Genis 2012 37

(The Westminster Leningrad Codex) This poem is Psalm 51 in its original language, Hebrew Why do you think is it easier to understand Flanders Field than this poem? Who best understood this passage and why? Kobus Genis 2012 38

What are the differences between us and the original receivers of the Bible? 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. Kobus Genis 2012 39

Please tick in the block which version you will use when you need to do a devotional at a youth camp. Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ. I Peter 5: 14, ew International Version Greet each other in Christian love. Peace be to all of you who are in Christ. I Peter 5: 14, ew Living Translation Who best understood the message of 1 Peter 5 verse 14? Kobus Genis 2012 40

But how can the message to the original receivers speak to us in the twenty first century? This happens through three processes. 1. 2. 3. Kobus Genis 2012 41

U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver The GPS DIFFERECES of Language Tradition Time Situation History APPLICATIO Target Group C O M M U I C A T I O Kobus Genis 2012 42

The FIRST process: UDERSTADIG U D E R S T A D I G S.T.A.R.T. 1. Situation 2. Type of literature 3. Analyze the passage Message to the original receiver 4. Relate the message to the rest of the Bible 5. Test your findings The first process is UDERSTADIG. (Exegesis) The Purpose of this process is to the message as well as or almost as well as the original receivers did. Kobus Genis 2012 43

Apply the steps of UDERSTADIG to Ephesians 2 1. Situation This will help you to better understand the message. You can get some background information in the Bible as well as outside sources, like study Bibles. 2. Type of literature S.T.A.R.T. It is important to establish the type of literature. E.g. you cannot read poetry like a story and vice versa. The diagram is a brief summary of the major types of literature in the Bible. Prose Poetry arrative You get poetry in Procedure * Psalms Explanation * Prophets Instruction * Wisdom literature Kobus Genis 2012 44

Apply the steps of UDERSTADIG to Ephesians 2 3. Analyze the passage 3.1 Write out the passage in smaller units (if necessary) 3.2 Mark the significant meaning indicators 3.3 Explain difficult words and phrases 3.4 Establish the meaning structure 3.5 Conclude and summarize the message to the original receiver 3.1 Write out the passage in smaller units (if necessary) Some passages (e.g. explanation and instruction) are loaded. It is therefore helpful to write the passage in smaller units in order to make it easier to analyze. 3.2 Mark the significant meaning indicators Marking words/phrases with the same/related or opposite meanings help us to see how the author developed his/her thoughts. 3.3 Explain difficult words and phrases We want to find out how the original receiver understood the words and phrases of a paragraph. 3.4 Establish the meaning structure In the light of the findings of the previous three steps, we now attempt to see how the author arranged the main ideas. 3.5 Conclude and summarize the message to the original receiver Following on from the previous step, the message to the original receiver can now be summarized. It is done as the conclusion to the findings of all the steps of UDERSTADIG. Kobus Genis 2012 45

Ephesians 2 The Bible as Your GPS 1 As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, 2 in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. 3 All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our sinful nature and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath. 4 But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, 5 made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions it is by grace you have been saved. 6 And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 in order that in the coming ages he might show the incomparable riches of his grace, expressed in his kindness to us in Christ Jesus. 8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God 9 not by works, so that no one can boast. 10 For we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. (ew International Version) Kobus Genis 2012 46

Apply the steps of UDERSTADIG to Ephesians 2 3. Analyze the passage 3.1 Write out the passage in smaller units (if necessary) 3.2 Mark the significant meaning indicators 3.3 Explain difficult words and phrases 3.4 Establish the meaning structure VERSES 1-3 = what a mess (sin) VERSES 4-9 = what a God (salvation) VERSE 10 = what a difference (service) 3.5 Conclude and summarize the message to the original receiver Kobus Genis 2012 47

Apply the steps of UDERSTADIG to Ephesians 2 4. Relate the message to the rest of the Bible In this step we determine whether the findings of the previous steps relate to the rest of the Bible. Do you think that the message to the original rceiver relates to the rest of the Bible? YES O Kobus Genis 2012 48

Apply the steps of UDERSTADIG to Ephesians 2 5. Test your findings U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver In this step you test your own findings against those of others. (e.g. commentaries, study Bibles) Sin messes everything but God enables us through Jesus to make and to be a difference. Kobus Genis 2012 49

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5. THE SECOD PROCESS OF THE BIBLE GPS IS APPLICATIO. THE THIRD PROCESS OF THE BIBLE GPS IS COMMUICATIO Objective: To learn the skill in how to apply and communicate the message to the original receiver into the 21 st century. Agenda 1. A test drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 51

U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver The GPS DIFFERECES of Language Tradition Time Situation History Incidental = Cultural, Ceremonial & Civil APPLICATIO Essential = Moral Target Group C O M M U I C A T I O The Purpose of the process of Application is to bring the message to the original receivers across time by applying it to our situation. We ve seen that the Bible was written in a totally different language, culture, time, situation and history than we are used to in the 21st century. Therefore, we cannot apply everything in the Bible to our life today! How do we determine WHAT to apply and WHAT not? You first need to distinguish the difference between an.. and an. An ESSETIAL: The message is applicable to the original receiver and everyone. An ICIDETAL: The message is only applicable to the original receiver. Kobus Genis 2012 52

How do you know when a Bible passage is an ESSETIAL or an ICIDETAL? You need to distinguish the three types of laws in the Bible and one practice Ceremonial Laws Moral Laws Civil Laws Cultural Practices How do you know when a Bible passage is an ESSETIAL or an ICIDETAL? 1. laws, Example: Exodus 30: 17-22 Reason:... 2. laws, Example: Deut 22:8 Reason:. 3. laws. Example: Exodus 20: 15 Reason:... 4. practices Example: 1 Peter 5: 14 Reason: Ask participants if there are any questions at this time. Transition into next slide Kobus Genis 2012 53

Pease select the proper word for the blank spaces. It is either ESSETIAL or ICIDETAL. CEREMOIAL LAWS were for the original receivers but are. for us because it was fulfilled in Christ offering on the cross. CIVIL LAWS were for the original receivers but are for us because our situation is different. MORAL LAWS were. for the original receivers and it is for us because it goes beyond language, culture, time, situation and history. CULTURAL PRACTICES were.. for the Original receivers and it is.. for us because our culture, time, situation and history are different. Kobus Genis 2012 54

Conclusion: Ceremonial laws therefore are Civil laws therefore are.. Cultural practices therefore are Moral laws therefore are Therefore only the are applicable to us. Kobus Genis 2012 55

1 Peter 5 verse 14 as an illustration Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ. Question 1: What is Essential to the original receivers? The kiss Question 2: Is it an Essential or Incidental to us? Incidental Kobus Genis 2012 56

An illustration of the importance of this process ICIDETAL Message only meant for the original receiver perceived as ESSETIAL Message to the original receiver and everyone = Example ICIDETAL Kiss as a way to greet (1 Peter 5: 14 ESSETIAL perceived as Christians shall kiss = one another Kobus Genis 2012 57

An illustration of the importance of this process ESSETIAL Message to the original receiver and everyone perceived as ICIDETAL Message only meant for the original receiver = Example ESSETIAL Jesus is God (John 20: 28) ICIDETAL perceived Jesus was only a as moral teacher like = the Buddha Kobus Genis 2012 58

U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver The GPS DIFFERECES of Language Tradition Time Situation History Incidental = Cultural, Ceremonial & Civil APPLICATIO Essential = Moral Target Group C O M M U I C A T I O The Purpose of the third process is to.. the essentials in a relevant way. There are many ways to communicate a message. Discuss the different ways a message can be brought to e.g. a youth group. The will determine how you communicate the message. Kobus Genis 2012 59

Target group: Waiter in Mexico It is January and you are in Mexico on holiday at a very nice resort. You are outside at the pool of the hotel reading the Bible while you enjoying the nice sunshine. Later you call the waiter and order a nice drink just to cool things down. The waiter was very friendly. That had given you the opportunity to start a little conversation. It went something like this: Waiter: By your accent you must be Canadian. You: Yea, you bet. Waiter: Escaping the cold? You: Of course. You know we have only two seasons in Canada: Winter and construction! Waiter: I see. May I ask you a question? You: Sure! Waiter: Are you a Christian? You: Yes, but why do you ask? Waiter: I see you are reading the Bible. Why are you a Christian? You: I would love to tell you but do you have time now? Waiter: O yea, my boss is cool. Besides, we are not that busy today. You: By the way, my name is Paul. Waiter: My name is Diego. Paul: Okay, I would love to tell you how why I am a Christian. I grew up in a Christian home. I am very thankful for that but that doesn t make me a Christian. Like growing up in a bakery doesn t make you a baker. I realized one day something was missing in my life. Even life didn t make sense to me. I was watching news one evening and was strike by all the mess in this world. I shared my experience with a good friend and she helped me a lot. She pointed out that God didn t turn his back on this mess and on us. The amazing thing is that He entered our mess with the birth of Jesus and reconciled us with God through his death and resurrection. Jesus became what I am, a sinner, to make me what I don t deserve, a child of God. What a God!! I am so thankful to God that I want to make a difference in the messy world by doing good. Diego: So what you say is that good works cannot save you? You: o. The Bible makes it very clear that good works cannot save you. If your good works are able to save you, then you can actually boast about it. The other problem is that if your works can save you, when do you know you have done enough good works. We are not saved by doing good but to do good. Kobus Genis 2012 60

Diego: I never thought about it in this way. It makes sense to me. How can I make this my own because I want to follow Jesus? You: You just need to accept what Jesus did for you and start a journey of growth. Diego It sounds too good to be true. Is their small print (smile)? You: o (laugh). Can I pray for you? Diego: That will be so cool! You: Lord, Diego longs to be your child and to get to know you better. Thank you Lord that he can accept the free gift of eternal life through faith. Lord I pray for his new journey and that he will grow in You. Thank you Lord that you love him and that in Jesus he can know that he is forgiven and that nothing can separate him from You. We pray this in your name. Amen! Diego: Wow! Thank you and thank God! 1. How do you feel about Paul s approach? 2. Do you think that Paul knew Ephesians 2: 1-10? Kobus Genis 2012 61

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Conclusion: Ceremonial laws therefore are Civil laws therefore are.. Cultural practices therefore are Moral laws therefore are Therefore only the are applicable to us. Kobus Genis 2012 55

U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver The GPS DIFFERECES of Language Tradition Time Situation History Incidental = Cultural, Ceremonial & Civil APPLICATIO Essential = Moral Target Group C O M M U I C A T I O The Purpose of the third process is to.. the essentials in a relevant way. There are many ways to communicate a message. Discuss the different ways a message can be brought to e.g. a youth group. The will determine how you communicate the message. Kobus Genis 2012 59

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7. THE BIBLE GPS O EPHESIAS 5: 8-20 Objective: To apply the GPS method on Ephesians 5: 8-20 Agenda 1. A Test Drive 2. How did the Bible come into being? 3. Overview of the Bible 4. The First process of the Bible GPS is Understanding. 5. The Second process of the Bible GPS is Application. The Third process of the Bible GPS is Communication. 6. The Bible GPS on Galatians 5: 16-26 7. The Bible GPS on Ephesians 5: 8-20 8. The Bible GPS on Romans 3: 21-26 Kobus Genis 2012 71

UDERSTADIG (S.T.A.R.T.) UDERSTADIG (S.T.A.R.T.) 1. Situation..... 2. Type of literature PROSE arrative Procedure Explanation Instruction POETRY in * Psalms * Prophets * Wisdom literature Kobus Genis 2012 72

3. Analyze the passage 3.1 Write out the passage in smaller units 3.2 Mark the significant meaning indicators 3.3 Explain difficult words and phrases 3.4 Establish the meaning structure 3.5 Conclude and summarize the message to the original receiver Kobus Genis 2012 73

Ephesians 5 The Bible as Your GPS 8 At one time you were in the dark. But now you are in the light because of what the Lord has done. Live like children of the light. 9 The light produces what is completely good, right and true. 10 Find out what pleases the Lord. 11 Have nothing to do with the acts of darkness. They don't produce anything good. Show what they are really like. 12 It is shameful even to talk about what people who don't obey do in secret. 13 But everything the light shines on can be seen. 14 Light makes everything clear. That is why it is said, "Wake up, sleeper. Rise from the dead. Then Christ will shine on you." 15 So be very careful how you live. Do not live like people who aren't wise. Live like people who are wise. 16 Make the most of every opportunity. The days are evil. 17 So don't be foolish. Instead, understand what the Lord wants. 18 Don't fill yourself up with wine. Getting drunk will lead to wild living. Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit. 19 Speak to each other with psalms, hymns and spiritual songs. Sing and make music in your heart to the Lord. 20 Always give thanks to God the Father for everything. Give thanks to him in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Kobus Genis 2012 74

4. Relate the message to the broader Biblical and theological framework? 5. Test your findings U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver Message to the original Receiver Our life must be characterized by doing what is right, good and true. It is not easy and requires wisdom. The best way to do it is to allow the Holy Spirit to guide you, to sing to the Lord and to be thankful. Kobus Genis 2012 75

U D E R S T A D I G Message to the original receiver Message to the original Receiver Our life must be characterized by doing what is right, good and true. It is not easy and requires wisdom. The best way to do it is to allow the Holy Spirit to guide you, to sing to the Lord and to be thankful. Incidental = Cultural, Ceremonial & Civil APPLICATIO Essential = Moral Target Group C O M M U I C A T I O Kobus Genis 2012 76