Learning Target: I can describe the impact of various forms of culture on American Society (religion, literature, education)

Learning Target: I can describe the impact of various forms of culture on American Society (religion, literature, education)

I-Religious Change and Reform A-Second Great Awakening 1-Wave of religious fervor 2-promoted through camp meeting revivals 3-Center of movement: Burnt Over District of New York B-Protestant Revivalism 1-rejected predestination and believed salvation in the individual s hands 2-reaction to rationalism, nationalism, social reform 3-included women and African Americans

I-Religious Change and Reform C-Mormonism 1-Founded by Joseph Smith, Jr. A-founded in NY, kept moving west 2-Smith claimed to receive sacred writings 3-Smith said he had visions from God saying some specific believes of Christianity were abominations 4-Because of these claims and beliefs such as polygamy, Mormons were shunned 5- Eventually settled in Utah, under Brigham Young 6-Eventually becomes a state, after territory included in their State Constitution that polygamy was illegal

I-Religious Change and Reform C-Mormonism Joseph Smith, Jr. Brigham Young

I-Religious Change and Reform D-Transcendentalism 1-Movement to strive for emotional unity with God 2-Believed people could achieve this unity without the help of an institutional church 3-Saw church as reactionary 4-Saw church as stifling self-expression

II-Education A-Antebellum Reform 1-Explosion in the number of colleges A) Oberlin College in Ohio became first co-ed college 2-Expansion of state-sponsored elementary schools 3-Dorothea Dix promoted establishment of asylums for humane treatment of insane A) At the time, criminals and mentally insane were housed together B) Wrote memo to MA legislature which led to establishing state hospitals to deal with mental illness 4-Also led to prison reform 5-Based on Romanticism (Goodness of man, nature, traditional values, and emotions

II-Education A-Antebellum Reform Dorothea Dix

A-Hudson River School III-Arts 1-Group of American Landscape painters 2-part of increasing nationalism after War of 1812 3-Influenced by European Romantic movement 4-artists included A) Thomas Doughty B) Thomas Cole C) George Innes D) S.F.B. Morse

A-Hudson River School 4-artists included III-Arts E) John James Audubon 1) demonstrated emotion in nature 2) most famous: Birds 3) Nature Org. took his name in 1886

B-Writers 1-Washington Irving A) First American writer to gain fame in Europe III-Arts B) Satire is some of best American comedy in history C) Writings reflected increased nationalissm D) Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow

B-Writers III-Arts 2-James Fenimore Cooper A) Influenced by American frontier and landscape B) The Last of the Mohicans, The Water-Witch, The American Democrat

B-Writers 3-Alexis de Tocqueville III-Arts A) Frenchman who wrote about the US B) Assessed US attempt to have liberty and equality C) Provide outsider s view of Jacksonian American

B-Writers III-Arts 4-Ralph Waldo Emerson A) Transcendalist B) Promoted independence in essay Self-reliance

B-Writers 5-Henry David Thoreau III-Arts A) Transcendentalist B) Walden repudiated repression and promoted nonviolent civil disobedience C) refused to pay poll tax, jailed D) protested unjust laws, slavery and Mexican War

B-Writers 6-Walt Whitman III-Arts A) Northern Romantic Poet B) celebrated importance of individualism C) Considered poet of American Society D) Leaves of Grass (volume of poems)

III-Arts B-Writers 7-Samuel Clemens A) known as Mark Twain B) Early jobs as printer s apprentice and riverboat pilot C) writings portray essence of American Life & used distinct American terminology D) Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur s Court

A-Utopian Communities IV-Other 1-Copy of European efforts at a perfect society 2-attempt at cooperative communities in face of increased industrialism 3-included attempts at sexual and racial equality 4-saw little success due to being radical compared to rest of society 5-Brook Farm and Oneida were two communities

B-Lowell System IV-Other 1-popular way of staffing New England Factories 2-hired young women from country who lived in dorms when in the city 3-labor supply constantly rotated 4-depended on technology to increase production