Monday 27 June 2016 Morning

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Monday 27 June 2016 Morning LEVEL 2 AWARD THINKING AND REASONING SKILLS B902/01 Unit 2 Thinking and Reasoning Skills Case Study *6009695678* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. OCR supplied materials: Resource Booklet (B902/01/RB) Other materials required: None Duration: 1 hour * B 9 0 2 0 1 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page(s) at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 13 and 14. This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [D/502/0968] DC (NH/SG) 125424/4 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over

2 SECTION A Thinking through the documents You are advised to spend no more than 40 minutes on this section. It is worth 40 marks. Answer all the questions in this section. 1 In Document 9, Nasima makes the following argument: In fact, anything that raises money for charity is a good thing. This is a beautiful tribute to the heroes of the First World War so people should be praising Sainsbury s not complaining. (a) Place a circle around the conclusion indicator word in the above argument. [1] (b) Is Nasima s argument an example of joint or independent reasoning? Circle the correct answer. (c) Explain why this is the correct answer for question 1b. Joint Independent [1]... [1] 2 In Document 9, Harry makes the following argument: Although the advert is nice and makes you all warm and fluffy inside, it isn t very historically accurate so people are right to complain. (a) Mark up Harry s argument in the box above to show the different argument components: (i) Underline the conclusion. [1] (ii) Put brackets around one reason which supports the conclusion. [1] (b) Which of the following best describes the structure of this argument? Tick (3) the correct response. [1] Two reasons and a conclusion One reason and two conclusions A counter-argument, one reason and a conclusion A counter-argument, two reasons and a conclusion (c) What assumption is being made in the argument?... [1]

(d) Harry also makes the following point: 3 It was actually quite common at that time in the First World War for the soldiers on the frontline to defy orders and take unofficial breaks from fighting each other historians call it live and let live. Truces occurred because of a mutual need to bury the dead before disease set in and to deal with trench conditions after heavy rainfall. Which of the following best describes the last sentence? Tick (3) the correct response. [1] Argument Explanation List of information Rant 3 In Document 5, the graph shows a decrease in the number of deaths of British soldiers on the Western Front over the Christmas period. One explanation for this is that the football truce actually happened. Give two other possible explanations for this decrease. Explanation 1 Explanation 2 [2] Turn over

4 4 In Document 4, Royal Mail makes the following claims which clearly imply that the Christmas truce happened: 100 years later, letters from the Western Front help to bring to life the remarkable Christmas truce between German and British soldiers Unofficial truces between opposing forces occurred at other times during the First World War but never on the scale of that first Christmas truce. (a) Explain how ability to see could be used to strengthen the credibility of Royal Mail s claims.... [1] (b) Explain how expertise could be used to weaken the credibility of Royal Mail s claims.... [1] (c) Explain how vested interest could be used to weaken the credibility of Royal Mail s claims.... [1]

5 In Document 6, Gerard DeGroot claims that the Germans were the initiators of the truce: 5 The Christmas truce, with its famous football match, is one event from the Great War that almost everyone knows about. Our remembrance has been stimulated by the extra attention paid to the war during this centenary year and by the remarkably accurate Sainsbury s advert. My own research for a new book has revealed a slightly different account from the one that is commonly told, one that gives more credit to the Germans as initiators. Identify one credibility criterion and explain how it could be used to strengthen the credibility of DeGroot s claim about the Germans being the initiators of the truce. Credibility criterion... Explanation..... [2] 6 In Document 9, Hassan puts forward the following argument: What a wonderful advert! People who are complaining clearly think that we should all wear black and stay in mourning forever after the war, but to do that is totally impractical. Which of the following best describes the flaw in this argument? [1] (a) Tick (3) the correct response. Ad hominem False dilemma Slippery slope Straw man (b) Explain why this is the correct answer.... [1] Turn over

7 In Document 9, Yuan makes the following analogy: 6 Complaining about a supermarket ad because it gets the historical facts wrong is like complaining about them having a Santa s Grotto to attract children into their store, when he clearly doesn t exist. One word ridiculous. (a) Explain one relevant similarity between the two situations being compared in the analogy.... [2] (b) Explain one relevant difference between the two situations being compared in the analogy.... [2] 8 In Document 9, Nasima comments on the success of the Sainsbury s advertisement: 240 people complained about the advert, but Sainsbury s sold 5000 charity chocolate bars per hour over the Christmas period. Any advert that sells that many charity chocolate bars is a good thing, no matter how many people it offends! Explain one weakness in this reasoning... [2]

7 9 Document 3 presents three newspaper reports featuring letters sent home from the trenches about Christmas. (a) Place the letters for statements B to H given below in the correct area of the Venn Diagram. Statement A has been done for you. Private Edward Duncan A An English soldier (Liverpool Daily Post) Lieutenant C H Brewer A B C D E F G H Cigarettes were given to soldiers on the other side. German soldiers gave chocolate to British soldiers. There was a temporary truce with no shots fired. Each side s dead were buried. Songs were sung. Football was played between the trenches. Both sides joined in the chasing of a hare. Photos were taken. [7] Turn over

8 (b) In Document 9, Thomas gives an explanation for the differences in the soldiers accounts of what happened: Newspapers printed some letters sent home by soldiers who were in the trenches on Christmas Day 1915. The letters all tell a different version of what happened which could be because the newspapers made them up to sell papers and raise people s spirits. Give two developed alternative explanations for the fact that soldiers accounts of what happened differed. Explanation 1 Explanation 2 [4] 10 In Document 8, an article printed in The Independent newspaper makes the following point about the use of the football truce as an advertisement: It was hard not to be moved. But then came the creeping realisation that maybe, just maybe, there was something not quite right here. The perfect timing was just too perfect. It felt a little, well, emotionally manipulative. Of course we were moved, because it s an incredibly poignant story but harnessing this historical moment in order to sell some Brussels sprouts seems pretty crass and cynical, to say the least. (a) Which of the following best describes this use of the word, right shown in bold? Tick (3) the correct response. [1] Correct because it has a good outcome Done in accordance with the rules Factually accurate Socially and morally appropriate (b) Give one developed reason to challenge the author s view that it is wrong to use the football truce to emotionally manipulate people into spending money.... [2]

9 11 Document 2 is a photograph of British and German soldiers posing for a picture together. Give three questions that could be asked about this photograph to decide whether or not it is strong evidence that the football truce actually happened. Question 1... Question 2... Question 3... [3] Turn over

10 SECTION B Thinking to a conclusion based on reasons and evidence Allow approximately 20 minutes for this section. It is worth 20 marks. Answer all the questions in this section. 12 In Document 9, Nasima claims that anything that raises money for charity is a good thing. Give two developed reasons to challenge this claim. Reason 1... Reason 2..... [4] 13 In Document 7, Sainsbury s is criticised for its use of the football truce to advertise its products: By constructing an artificially sentimental plot of hands reaching out across the trenches at Christmas, Sainsbury s has distorted history in the tradition of Hollywood blockbusters, such as Titanic and Braveheart, in order to provoke an emotive response to buy. Present and develop an argument either for or against the view that it is acceptable to distort history to make money. In your argument you must: clearly identify your main conclusion provide reasons for your main conclusion support your reasons with relevant evidence or examples. [10]

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14 In Document 9, Jack makes the following point about remembrance: 12 People have been wearing poppies every November since 1919, but we should draw a line under it after the centennial is over. November 2018 should be the last poppy day it s time to move on. Develop an argument to support or challenge the idea that 11 November 2018 should be the last Remembrance Day. In your argument you must: clearly identify your main conclusion provide two developed reasons for your main conclusion... [6] END OF QUESTION PAPER

13 ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s) must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

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