1 NT SURVEY (Class 1) Class 1 The New Testament revealed and recorded Class 2 The Covenant is fulfilled in JESUS The New Testament is the revealing of God s GOSPEL through a New Covenant established by the Person of Jesus Christ. I. The New Testament revealed A. Why the words new testament? The words new testament come from Latin which meant an arrangement made by one party which may be accepted or rejected by another party, but which he cannot alter; and which, when accepted, binds both parties by its terms Tenney pg. 123 B. What does the New Testament reveal? Augustine: The Old (testament) is in the New revealed and the New is in the old concealed. Vintage Jesus pg. 55 1. The Old Testament reveals a New Covenant 31 Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah Jeremiah 31:31 2. The New Testament reveals God s Gospel namely Jesus the CHRIST 1 Paul, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated to the gospel of God 2 which He promised before through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, Romans 1:1-3a 3. The New Testament reveals God s redemptive timing 4 But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, Galatians 4:4
2 4. The New Testament reveals God s means for the New Covenant 15 And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. Hebrews 9:15 5. The New Testament reveals God s power for salvation 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ,[a] for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. 17For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, The just shall live by faith. Romans 1:16-17 II. The building of the New Testament- A. Intertestament period- Covers 400 years of prophetic silence from the last written Old Testament books (Malachi and Nehemiah) to the coming of JOHN THE BAPTIST. The Jews were under the Persian rule when they occupied Jerusalem in Nehemiah day. After the last words of Nehemiah and Malachi the Old Testament was silent. In 323bc Alexander the great came and defeated the Persians and spread a Greek Culture throughout the world. This was called Hellenization. Around 198 bc the Jews started to suffer heavily from Hellenization by Antiochus IV. The Jews revolted from Syrians became an independent state under Judas Maccabeus. However In 63bc because of an internal conflict Judea became under Roman rule and Herod the Great became ruler of Judea. In 37bc Herod the Great set in motion a beautifying of the 2nd temple, he was also the man who ordered the killing of the babies in Bethlehem. Matthew 2:16 B. The Religious Context of the New Testament 1. Religious Leaders- a. Pharisee- Came about in the Intertestament time as Jews who wanted to free Israel from pagan influences. Pharisees- Comes from a word to separate SNT Pg 33 The Pharisees are a group of Jews who have a reputation of excelling the rest of their nation in the observance of religion, and as exact exponents of the laws Josephus: Jewish Wars, i.v. 2
3 11 The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank You that I am not like other men extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I possess. Luke 18:11-12 Other people of interest: Herodians, Zealots, Sadducee C. Religious places of Worship 1. The Temple- This was the second temple built by the Jews. During Jesus time the daily or continual burnt offerings, presented every morning at 9am and every afternoon at 3pm. Metzger pg 54-55 a. A place where a large crowds could gather Luke 20: 1-3, John 8:2, Acts 2:46 b. Jesus predicted its destruction 5 Then, as some spoke of the temple, how it was adorned with beautiful stones and donations, He said,6 These things which you see the days will come in which not one stone shall be left upon another that shall not be thrown down. Luke 21:5-6 c. In 70 ad the temple was destroyed by Nero 2. The Synagogue- Was a place where the Jews gathered to study the scriptures and to worship God after the destruction of the first temple in 586 b.c. SNT pg 39 Luke 4:16-20 a. Jesus taught at different synagogues. Matthew 4:23 b. Synagogues were a place of community life and belonging. John 16:1-3, 22 His parents said these things because they feared the Jews, for the Jews had agreed already that if anyone confessed that He was Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue. John 9:22 3. Greek Mythology places of Worship Acts 19 The temple to Diana of the Ephesians
4 III. The writing of the New Testament- Recorded 1. The New Testament is a combination of 27 books written by contemporaries of Jesus who explained what they heard and saw concerning this man Jesus and how we are to follow him. A. Time-The New Testament books were written from about 45 a.d. with the gospel of Mark to about 95 a.d. with the finishing of the book of Revelation B. Language- The New Testament was written in Greek not Hebrew although Jesus probably spoke in Aramaic. C. Authors- Were a combination of 9/8 authors, most were Jewish and one Gentile (Luke) authors Col 4:11. The New Testament was written by people who had eyewitness experience of Jesus. Luke and Mark wrote about other people s experiences. Mark the gospel of Peter - Luke 1:1-4 - Acts 1:1-2 - I John 1:1-4 IV. The Message (Gospel) of the New Testament A. Repent and Believe the Gospel about Jesus 9 that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. 11For the Scripture says, Whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame. 12 For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek, for the same Lord over all is rich to all who call upon Him. 13 For whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved. Romans 10:9-10 22 Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a Man attested by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which God did through Him in your midst, as you yourselves also know 23 Him, being delivered by the determined purpose and foreknowledge of God, you have taken [c] by lawless hands, have crucified, and put to death; 24 whom God raised up, having loosed the pains of death, because it was not possible that He should be held by it. Acts 2: 22-24
5 B. the Mission of the church 18 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age. Amen. Matthew 28:18-20 V. The New Testament books A. The Gospels - The New Covenant instituted Matthew- The purpose of the book was to show the Jews that Jesus was Christ. 17 Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. Matthew 5:17 The book of Matthew makes a connection with the Old Testament. Mark- The Gospel of Mark was to give the Romans a perspective of Jesus. 45 For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many. Mark 10:45 Mark was a cousin of Barnabas Col 4:10, Mark uses the word Immediately Luke- The Gospel of Luke is a detailed account of Jesus the SON of MAN 10 for the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost. Luke 19:10 John- The Gospel of John was written so people would believe in Jesus 30 And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name. John 20:30-31 B. History - The New Covenant proclaimed Acts- Proclaims the progress of Jesus message throughout the world. The Message of the Gospel to the Nations! It spans from about 30-60 ad
6 Author- Luke 8 But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me[a]in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth. Acts 1:8 Acts of Peter Acts 1-12- Acts of Paul Acts 13-28- C. The Epistle- The New Covenant explained Romans- Paul at this point has never visited this church 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ,[a] for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. 17For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, The just shall live by faith. Romans 1:16-17 I Corinthians- Application of Christian principles on an individual and social level 19 Or do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and you are not your own? 20 For you were bought at a price; therefore glorify God in your body[c] and in your spirit, which are God s. I Corinthians 6:19-20 Corinth was most important city in Greece during Paul s day. Paul established this church on one of missionary journeys. Acts 18 Corinth was became a synonym for debauchery and prostitution
7 II Corinthians - Paul s defense of his apostolic credentials and authority 5 For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord, and ourselves your bondservants for Jesus sake. 6 For it is the God who commanded light to shine out of darkness, who has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. II Corinthians 4:5-6 Also note II Cor 5:21 Galatians- Justification by faith apart from the works of the Law Galatia was region not a city 20 I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me. Galatians 2:20 Ephesians- The believer s responsibility to walk in accordance with his heavenly calling in Jesus 8 For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9 not of works, lest anyone should boast. 10 For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them. Ephesians 2:8-10 Philippians - Exhorting believers to a lifestyle of unity, holiness, and joy. For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain Philippians 1:21 Colossians- the preeminence and sufficiency of Christ in all things
8 9 For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; Colossians 1:9 I Thessalonians-Salvation and sanctification in all things 12 And may the Lord make you increase and abound in love to one another and to all, just as we do to you, 13 so that He may establish your hearts blameless in holiness before our God and Father at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all His saints. I Thessalonians 3:12-13 2 Thessalonians- Comfort and correction of the Thessalonians 1 Now, brethren, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our gathering together to Him, we ask you, 2 not to be soon shaken in mind or troubled, either by spirit or by word or by letter, as if from us, as though the day of Christ[a] had come. 3 Let no one deceive you by any means; 2 Thessalonians 2:1-3a I Timothy- A leadership manual 15 but if I am delayed, I write so that you may know how you ought to conduct yourself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth. I Timothy 3:15 2 Timothy - Endurance in Ministry 3 You therefore must endure[a] hardship as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. 2 Timothy 2:3 Titus- organization and supervision of the church 5 For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every city as I commanded you Titus 1:5
9 Philemon - Christian love and forgiveness 16 no longer as a slave but more than a slave a beloved brother, especially to me but how much more to you, both in the flesh and in the Lord. Philemon 16 Hebrews- The Superiority of Christ as a perfect representative Author-? 14 Seeing then that we have a great High Priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our confession. Hebrews 4:14 James- the Characteristics of true Faith Author- James, the brother of Jesus. James was the leader of the church in Jerusalem. Acts 15 22 But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves. James 1:22 I Peter- A proper response to Christian suffering Author- Peter 12 Beloved, do not think it strange concerning the fiery trial which is to try you, as though some strange thing happened to you; 13 but rejoice to the extent that you partake of Christ s sufferings, that when His glory is revealed, you may also be glad with exceeding joy. I Peter 1:12 II Peter- To grow in grace and beware of false teaching Author- Peter 20 knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation,[b] 21 for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God[c] spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit. II Peter 1:20
10 I John- Fellowship With God Author- John 13 These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God, that you may know that you have eternal life,[d]and that you may continue to believe in the name of the Son of God. I John 5:13 2 John - steadfastness in the practice and purity of the apostolic doctrine Author- John 9 Whoever transgresses and does not abide in the doctrine of Christ does not have God. He who abides in the doctrine of Christ has both the Father and the Son. 10 If anyone comes to you and does not bring this doctrine, do not receive him into your house nor greet him; 2 John 9-10 3 John- a contrast between truth and error. Author- John 11 Beloved, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good. He who does good is of God, but[d] he who does evil has not seen God. 3 John 11 Jude- A Believers response to heretical teaching in the church Author- Jude the brother of Jesus 3 Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints. Jude 3 D. the Revelation- the New Covenant fulfilled Revelation-The prophetic future revelation of Jesus Christ Author- John 20 He who testifies to these things says, Surely I am coming quickly. Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus! Revelation 22:20
11 Intro: The Covenant is fulfilled in JESUS I. Review- The NT Revealed and Recorded A. How we got the Bible- Recorded The Theology of the NT (survey) (Class 2) 1.The Bible came through Godly Human authors 1 Beloved, I now write to you this second epistle (in both of which I stir up your pure minds by way of reminder), 2 that you may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior, 2 Peter 3:2 2. The Bible is God breathed 16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, II Timothy 3:16 3. The NT speaks authoritatively about itself- Internal Evidence a. Paul Speaks about Luke s Gospel as being Scripture 17 Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and doctrine.18 For the Scripture says, You shall not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain, (Deuteronomy 25:4) and, The laborer is worthy of his wages. (Luke 10:7) I Timothy 5:17 b. Jesus and the apostles quoted the Old Testament as authoritative 4. External Evidence- Recognized in the church After listing the 27 New Testament books Athanasius says, these are springs of salvation... let no one add to them or take away from them. Athanasius 39th festal letter Since the Fourth century there have been no material changes in the recognized canon,
12 New Testament Survey, Tenney pg 412 II. The Theology of the NT A. the Identity of Jesus the Christ Around the age of thirty, Jesus began a public ministry that included preaching, healing the sick, feeding the hungry, and befriending social misfits such as perverts, drunks, and thieves. Jesus ministry spanned only three short years before he was put to death for declaring himself to be God. He died by shameful crucifixion like tens of thousands before and after him. At first glance, Jesus resume is rather simple. He never traveled more than a few hundred miles from his home. He never held a political office, never wrote a book, never married, never had sex, never attended college, never visited a big city, and never won a poker tournament. He died both homeless and poor. Vintage Jesus, Driscoll pg.12 1. Jesus the Christ- His Identity revealed through the Old Testament a. Servant/Messiah- 1 Behold! My Servant whom I uphold, My Elect One in whom My soul delights! I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the Gentiles. 2 He will not cry out, nor raise His voice, Nor cause His voice to be heard in the street. 3 A bruised reed He will not break, And smoking flax He will not quench; He will bring forth justice for truth. Isaiah 42:1-3 1. God s Spirit is upon him 16 When He had been baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened to Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting upon Him. Matthew 3:16 2. The Servant/messiah will delighted in And suddenly a voice came from heaven, saying, This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
13 Matthew 3:17 While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them; and suddenly a voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Hear Him! Matthew 17:5 3. The servant/messiah Jesus came with gentleness and meekness 15 But when Jesus knew it, He withdrew from there. And great multitudes [c] followed Him, and He healed them all. 16 Yet He warned them not to make Him known, 17 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: Matthew 12:15 b. Son of Man 1. The Son of Man a reference to Messiah 13 I was watching in the night visions, And behold, One like the Son of Man, Daniel 7:13a 2. Jesus continually referred to himself as the son of man 24 But that you may know that the Son of Man has power on earth to forgive sins He said to the man who was paralyzed, I say to you, arise, take up your bed, and go to your house. Luke 5:24 2. Jesus the Christ- His Identity identified by others a. John the Baptist 29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! John 1:29 b. Peter 13 When Jesus came into the region of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His disciples, saying, Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am? 14 So they said, Some say John the Baptist, some Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets. 15 He said to them, But who do you say that I am? 16 Simon Peter answered and said, You are the Christ, the Son of the living God. Matthew 16:13-18 c. Jesus spoke of himself as the Christ
14 1. When Jesus stood before the Council 63 But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest answered and said to Him, I put You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God! 64 Jesus said to him, It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven. Matthew 26:63-64 2. Jesus as GOD 30 I and My Father are one. 31 Then the Jews took up stones again to stone Him. 32 Jesus answered them, Many good works I have shown you from My Father. For which of those works do you stone Me? 33 The Jews answered Him, saying, For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy, and because You, being a Man, make Yourself God. John 10:30-33 B. The Incarnation of Christ Martin Luther You should point to the whole man Jesus and say, That is GOD Vintage Jesus pg.34 1. Virgin Birth- a. Old Testament 14 Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel Isaiah 7:14 700 b.c. b. New Testament 35 And the angel answered and said to her, The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God. Luke 1:35 2. The Incarnation 14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth. John 1:14
15 a. Jesus was Human 52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men. Luke 2:52 5 Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, 6 who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, 7 but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. Philippians 2: 5-8 b. Jesus was God 9 For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily Colossians 2:9 III. The Mission of Jesus and Jesus the Missionary A. Jesus came as Prophet, Priest and King 1. Prophet- Jesus came to speak God s word, a. Jesus spoke with authority And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Matthew 28:18 b. Jesus mission was to preach 38 But He said to them, Let us go into the next towns, that I may preach there also, because for this purpose I have come forth. Mark 1:38 2. Priest- Jesus was the one who stood between God and Man 1 Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our confession, Christ Jesus, Hebrews 1:3
16 As a Priest, Jesus has also offered a sacrifice to pay the penalty for our sin he gave his own life and shed his own blood for our sin. Vintage Jesus pg.76 3. King- Jesus is LORD 9 that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. Romans 10:9 As Prophet, Jesus confronts us and call us to repentance of sin. As Priest, Jesus comforts us and comes to us and save us from sin and enable new life. As King Jesus commands us to relinquish authority of our life so that every facet of our life is under constant sanctifying transformation. Vintage Jesus pg. 79 B. God s redemptive plan in the person of Jesus 1. Before creation 9 who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was given to us in Christ Jesus before time began, II Timothy 1:9 2. Through the sending of Jesus as a Missionary 38 For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me. 39 John 6:38 3. The Plan involved evil committed against Jesus- a. The Messiah would Suffer 10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise Him; He has put Him to grief. When You make His soul an offering for sin, He shall see His seed, He shall prolong His days, And the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in His hand. 11 He shall see the labor of His soul, and be satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant shall justify many, For He shall bear their iniquities. Isaiah 53:10 b. God purposed the cross of Christ
17 27 For truly against Your holy Servant Jesus, whom You anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together 28 to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose determined before to be done. Acts 4:27-28 c. Jesus said he came to suffer- 27 Now My soul is troubled, and what shall I say? Father, save Me from this hour? But for this purpose I came to this hour. 28 Father, glorify Your name. John 12:27-28 C. To bring redemption 1. Atonement of Sin Atonement is the work Christ did in his life and death to earn our salvation Systematic theology pg.568 3 For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, I Corinthians 15:3 a. Atonement foreshadowed 30 Now it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people, You have committed a great sin. So now I will go up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin. 31 Then Moses returned to the LORD and said, Oh, these people have committed a great sin, and have made for themselves a god of gold! 32 Yet now, if You will forgive their sin but if not, I pray, blot me out of Your book which You have written. 33 And the LORD said to Moses, Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot him out of My book. Ex 32:30-33 b. The Atonement demonstrates Love 16 For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. John 3:16
18 c. The Atonement demonstrates Justice- through the Atonement Christ pays are sin by becomes our Propitiation- WRATH APPEASING 25 whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed, Romans 3:25 2. Justification came by Christ Blood- But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, having now been justified by His blood, we shall be saved from wrath through Him Romans 5:8-9 3. Righteousness from Christ 21 For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him. II Corinthians 5:21 IV. The Message of Jesus A. Jesus is the theme of the Bible 27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself. Luke 24:27 44 Then He said to them, These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me. 45 And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures. Luke 24:44-45 B. Matthew 28- Go and Make Disciples 1. The Greek is a participle as you are going (participle) make disicples (command) C. Jesus will return- John 14:3, Revelation 1:1