The 2011 census the Jewish picture Daniel Vulkan Senior Researcher, Board of Deputies of British Jews http://www.bod.org.uk research@bod.org.uk Jewish Historical Society, Leeds 1 July 2013 1
Jewish Telegraph, 14 December 2012 Data published on 11 December 2012 revealed that 263,346 people in England & Wales had chosen to identify as Jewish in the 2011 census. (It is important to note that, as in 2001, the religion question was voluntary.) 2
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Responses to religion question, England & Wales, 2011 and 2001 Religion response 2011 2001 Number Percentage Number Percentage Christian 33,243,175 59.3 37,338,486 71.8 Muslim 2,706,066 4.8 1,546,626 3.0 Hindu 816,633 1.5 552,421 1.1 Sikh 423,158 0.8 329,358 0.6 Jewish 263,346 0.5 259,927 0.5 Buddhist 247,743 0.4 144,453 0.3 Other religions 240,530 0.4 150,720 0.3 No religion 14,097,229 25.1 7,709,267 14.8 Religion not stated 4,038,032 7.2 4,010,658 7.7 Total 56,075,912 100.0 52,041,916 100.00 ONS: Tables KS07 (2001), KS209EW (2011) Northern Ireland: 335 people chose to identify as Jewish Scotland: data not yet published (expected September 2013) 5
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Local authorities with largest Jewish populations in 2011 change since 2001 2011 2001 Change 2001-2011 LA Total Jewish Percent Rank Total Jewish Rank Number Percent Barnet 356,386 54,084 15.2% 1 314,564 46,686 1 7,398 15.8% Hackney 246,270 15,477 6.3% 2 202,825 10,732 5 4,745 44.2% Hertsmere 100,031 14,293 14.3% 3 94,455 10,712 6 3,581 33.4% Harrow 239,056 10,538 4.4% 4 206,814 13,112 3-2,574-19.6% Bury 185,060 10,302 5.6% 5 180,607 8,924 7 1,378 15.4% Redbridge 278,970 10,213 3.7% 6 238,635 14,796 2-4,583-31.0% Camden 220,338 9,823 4.5% 7 198,019 11,153 4-1,330-11.9% Salford 233,933 7,687 3.3% 8 216,104 5,179 13 2,508 48.4% Haringey 254,926 7,643 3.0% 9 216,507 5,724 11 1,919 33.5% Westminster 219,396 7,237 3.3% 10 181,286 7,732 9-495 -6.4% Leeds 751,485 6,847 0.9% 11 715,402 8,267 8-1,420-17.2% Enfield 312,466 4,412 1.4% 12 273,559 5,336 12-924 -17.3% Brent 311,215 4,357 1.4% 13 263,464 6,464 10-2,107-32.6% Epping Forest 124,659 3,972 3.2% 14 120,894 3,715 14 257 6.9% Kensington and Chelsea 158,649 3,320 2.1% 15 158,920 3,550 15-230 -6.5% Gateshead 200,214 3,004 1.5% 16 191,141 1,564 30 1,440 92.1% Brighton and Hove UA 273,369 2,670 1.0% 17 247,816 3,358 16-688 -20.5% Manchester 503,127 2,613 0.5% 18 392,819 3,076 17-463 -15.1% Trafford 226,578 2,413 1.1% 19 210,144 2,314 21 99 4.3% Birmingham 1,073,045 2,205 0.2% 20 977,087 2,343 20-138 -5.9% ONS: Tables KS07 (2001), KS209EW (2011) 7
30000 Jewish population of Leeds, Jewish Year Book (selected years) 25000 20000 15000 18,000 (1967) 15,000 (1982) BoD 14,000 (1986) 12,000 (1988) 10000 5000 1986: Board of Deputies estimates 14,000 in 1985 (British Jewry in the Eighties, Waterman/Kosmin) BoD 12,000 (1998) MPF 10,500 (1988) 1988: Murray Freedman estimates 10,500 in 1986 (Leeds Jewry: A Demographic and Sociological Profile) 1998: Board of Deputies revises 1985 estimate down to 12,000 (A Profile of British Jewry, Schmool/Cohen) 9,000 (1995) 8,267 (2005) 0 8
Distribution of Jewish population of Leeds by ward (2011 census) Alwoodley Rest of Leeds: = 100 Jews ONS: Table KS209EW 9
Distribution of Jewish population of Leeds by ward (2011 census) Ward All Christian Buddhist Hindu Jewish Muslim Sikh Other religion No religion Religion not stated Adel and Wharfedale 19,430 12,614 61 251 106 654 231 41 4,149 1,323 Alwoodley 22,766 10,807 104 716 3,270 1,360 898 70 3,964 1,577 Ardsley and Robin Hood 22,204 13,870 47 106 22 183 86 48 6,447 1,395 Armley 25,550 13,243 107 160 29 1,501 265 100 8,418 1,727 Beeston and Holbeck 22,187 11,811 74 153 28 2,077 223 63 6,202 1,556 Bramley and Stanningley 21,334 11,823 55 77 32 173 46 72 7,676 1,380 Burmantofts and Richmond Hill 24,843 14,158 126 160 25 2,111 104 66 6,365 1,728 Calverley and Farsley 22,594 12,782 46 330 37 1,043 867 89 5,935 1,465 Chapel Allerton 23,536 10,826 147 203 140 2,858 864 129 6,614 1,755 City and Hunslet 33,705 13,925 248 948 136 4,791 281 127 11,058 2,191 Cross Gates and Whinmoor 22,099 14,344 39 68 40 332 126 53 5,695 1,402 Farnley and Wortley 24,213 13,991 64 193 25 304 157 78 7,827 1,574 Garforth and Swillington 19,811 13,904 23 47 20 67 40 47 4,408 1,255 Gipton and Harehills 27,078 10,494 131 282 37 8,991 530 70 4,688 1,855 Guiseley and Rawdon 22,347 14,433 40 35 27 149 85 77 6,008 1,493 Harewood 18,363 12,756 28 66 409 175 201 40 3,463 1,225 Headingley 20,533 7,847 120 328 191 832 135 98 9,579 1,403 Horsforth 21,506 13,277 61 92 54 208 133 81 6,268 1,332 Hyde Park and Woodhouse 25,914 9,337 303 608 332 3,803 201 159 9,347 1,824 Killingbeck and Seacroft 23,749 14,018 73 72 31 457 173 50 7,313 1,562 Kippax and Methley 21,116 14,323 19 13 29 92 30 52 5,127 1,431 Kirkstall 21,709 10,128 135 244 52 1,451 184 115 7,836 1,564 Middleton Park 26,228 14,984 52 67 24 239 49 68 8,984 1,761 Moortown 22,792 11,254 93 610 1,045 1,878 1,224 61 5,055 1,572 Morley North 22,692 14,269 49 207 15 117 237 54 6,290 1,454 Morley South 21,748 12,990 52 144 9 142 158 71 6,642 1,540 Otley and Yeadon 22,233 13,818 68 27 38 86 12 87 6,439 1,658 Pudsey 22,408 13,207 48 108 22 240 262 35 6,988 1,498 Rothwell 20,354 13,565 48 53 21 104 45 43 5,096 1,379 Roundhay 22,546 10,516 77 402 427 2,836 767 80 5,772 1,669 Temple Newsam 21,543 14,575 50 48 32 243 33 49 5,228 1,285 Weetwood 22,375 11,615 117 220 93 1,099 225 74 7,303 1,629 Wetherby 19,979 14,286 67 10 49 176 42 49 4,045 1,255 LEEDS 751,485 419,790 2,772 7,048 6,847 40,772 8,914 2,396 212,229 50,717 ONS: Table KS209EW 10
Two thirds of Leeds Jews live within the shaded area Brodetsky Primary School Etz Chaim Synagogue United Hebrew Congregation Marjorie & Arnold Ziff Community Centre Donisthorpe Hall Sinai Synagogue Beth Hamedrash Hagadol Synagogue 11
Response to religion question in Leeds, 2001 and 2011 censuses Other religion, 0.2% Religion not stated, 8.1% 2001 2011 Religion not stated, 6.7% Buddhist, 0.2% Hindu, 0.6% No religion, 16.8% No religion, 28.2% Sikh, 1.1% Jewish, 1.2% Christian, 68.9% Other religion, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.4% Christian, 55.9% Jewish, 0.9% Muslim, 3.0% Hindu, 0.9% Sikh, 1.2% Muslim, 5.4% 12
Population pyramids general population of England & Wales 2001 2011 Jewish population of England & Wales ONS: Tables S149 (2001), DC2107EW (2011) 13
Jewish population of Southend on Sea 2011 Jewish population of Hackney 2011 14
Jewish population of Leeds 2001 2011 15
Jews in Leeds, 2001 distribution of 18-24 year-olds Ward Jews 18-24 All Jews % 18-24 Headingley 424 474 89.5% Moortown 46 1,542 3.0% North 177 3,927 4.5% Roundhay 32 769 4.2% University 203 253 80.2% All wards 1,064 8,272 12.9% 2001: concentration of 18-24 age group in Headingley and University wards (student residential areas) 2011: data not yet available 16
Change in Jewish population of Leeds 2001-2011 by birth cohort 17
Jewish children under 15 (census 2011) vs Brodetsky Primary School enrolment (January 2013) R Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 45 33 43 29 28 25 23 Enrolment figures - DfE: SFR21/2013 18
Some other data from the 2011 census presented without commentary Ethnic Group Jews - Leeds Jews - England & Wales All - Leeds All - England & Wales All categories: Ethnic group 6,847 263,346 751,485 56,075,912 White: Total 6,517 243,300 639,487 48,209,395 White: English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British 6,065 202,600 609,714 45,134,686 White: Irish 31 1,134 7,031 531,087 White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 10 247 687 57,680 White: Other White 411 (incl?? Israeli*) 39,319 (incl??? Israeli*) 22,055 (incl 38 Israeli) 2,485,942 (incl 3,274 Israeli) Mixed/multiple ethnic group: Total 89 4,249 19,632 1,224,400 Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Black Caribbean 17 784 8,813 426,715 Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Black African 7 432 2,493 165,974 Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Asian 12 1,235 4,906 341,727 Mixed/multiple ethnic group: Other Mixed 53 1,798 3,420 289,984 Asian/Asian British: Total 18 2,768 58,243 4,213,531 Asian/Asian British: Indian 7 819 16,130 1,412,958 Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 3 440 22,492 1,124,511 Asian/Asian British: Bangladeshi 2 223 4,432 447,201 Asian/Asian British: Chinese 0 326 5,933 393,141 Asian/Asian British: Other Asian 6 960 9,256 835,720 Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Total 17 1,611 25,893 1,864,890 Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: African 8 618 14,894 989,628 Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Caribbean 2 511 6,728 594,825 Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Other Black 7 482 4,271 280,437 Other ethnic group: Total 206 11,418 8,230 563,696 Other ethnic group: Arab 10 571 3,791 230,600 Other ethnic group: Any other ethnic group 196 10,847 4,439 333,096 ONS: Tables DC2201EW, QS211EW *data not yet available 19
Country of Birth Jews - Leeds Jews - England & Wales All - Leeds All - England & Wales All categories: Country of birth 6,847 263,346 751,485 56,075,912 Europe: Total 6,541 228,811 692,562 51,319,357 Europe: United Kingdom: Total 6,362 213,573 665,341 48,570,902 Europe: Ireland 28 1,069 4,762 407,357 Europe: Other Europe: Total 151 14,169 22,459 2,341,098 Africa: Total 71 8,359 16,837 1,312,617 Middle East and Asia: Total 148 15,860 35,030 2,587,066 Middle East and Asia: Middle East 135 13,650 6,544 295,075 (incl 17,778 Israel) Middle East and Asia: Eastern Asia 2 292 4,282 321,140 Middle East and Asia: Southern Asia 5 1,496 20,190 1,628,037 Middle East and Asia: South-East Asia 5 318 3,958 333,657 Middle East and Asia: Central Asia 1 104 56 9,157 The Americas and the Caribbean: Total 77 9,228 5,782 673,401 Antarctica and Oceania (including Australasia) 10 1,088 1,274 183,373 Other 0 0 0 98 ONS: Tables DC2103EW, QS203EW 20
Disability Jews - Leeds Jews - England & Wales All - Leeds All - England & Wales Day-to-day activities limited a lot 9.9% 8.2% 7.9% 8.5% Day-to-day activities limited a little 11.8% 8.8% 8.9% 9.4% Day-to-day activities not limited 78.2% 83.1% 83.3% 82.1% General Health Very good or good health 77.6% 82.7% 81.9% 81.2% Fair health 16.3% 12.3% 12.7% 13.2% Bad or very bad health 6.1% 5.0% 5.4% 5.6% ONS: Table DC3203EW 21
Tenure (by Household Reference Person*) Jews - Leeds Jews - England & Wales All - Leeds All - England & Wales N (number of households) 3,269 110,726 320,596 23,366,044 Owned: Owned outright 42.4% 39.3% 26.0% 30.8% Owned: Owned with a mortgage or loan or shared ownership Social rented: Rented from council (Local Authority) 31.2% 34.0% 32.6% 33.5% 2.9% 2.8% 16.9% 9.4% Social rented: Other social rented 9.8% 4.7% 5.1% 8.2% Private rented: Private landlord or letting agency Private rented: Other private rented or living rent free 11.2% 16.5% 16.7% 15.3% 2.5% 2.6% 2.7% 2.8% ONS: Table DC4204EW *The Household Reference Person (HRP) is the person with the highest level of economic activity ( economically active, employed, fulltime, non-student ranking highest, and economically inactive, other ranking lowest), or the eldest such person if there are several people at the same level. A Jewish HRP is not necessarily the same as a Jewish household some Jews will live in households with a non-jewish HRP; some households with a Jewish HRP will contain non-jews. 22
משה פייבל בן חיים יעקב הלוי Murray P Freedman 25 July 1928 9 March 2011 23
Useful sources: Board of Deputies of British Jews publications available at http://www.bod.org.uk/live/content.php?category_id=92 Office for National Statistics census tables available from https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ Department for Education official statistics from http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics 24