Is Your Faith Alive and Well?

Is Your Faith Alive and Well? An Expository Sermon James 2:14-26 by David Roper Do you like controversy? Do you thrive on contention? Or rather do you break out in hives when there is disagreement? If you do, you may want to rub on a generous amount of your favorite ointment before we begin our study of James 2:14-26. This probably is the section of James that caused Luther to call the book an epistle of straw. This is the section of the book that elicits the strongest strugglings among denominational commentators. (One of my favorite writers on James ignores these verses altogether.) But why all this consternation? In this passage, James says that faith without works is useless, faith without works cannot be demonstrated, faith without works cannot change a person, faith without works is not perfected, and faith without works is dead! And this simply will not do, not if you have already decided from isolated passages from the pen of Paul that works, any kind of works, have nothing whatever to do with our salvation! But lest you become discouraged about our present study, let me quickly suggest two things. First, as long as one comes to this section without preconceived ideas, there is nothing hard to be understood in James 2:14-16. James says nothing here that he does not say everywhere in the epistle. Second, nothing in James contradicts Paul. Paul did stress in Romans (and elsewhere) that we are not saved on the basis of our works (Romans 4:1-5), but he never discounted the necessity of obedience. For instance, in his introduction to Romans, he noted that he had been called to be an apostle to bring about obedience of faith among all the nations (Romans 1:1, 5; italics mine). In the concluding lines of the same book he spoke of the commandment of the eternal God, [which] is made known unto all the nations unto obedience of faith (Romans 16:26; italics mine). On the other hand, James constantly stresses the importance of faith, but he wants us to know that the faith that saves is the faith that obeys. Maybe, just maybe, in their writings James and Paul are correcting abuses of the preaching or writings of the other. Some people did misapply some of the teachings of Paul (see Romans 6), so maybe James writes against the misuse of Paul s teachings or vice versa. But at any rate there is no disagreement between Paul and James. Both believed in the importance of faith and works. If further confirmation is needed, just check the Jerusalem meeting of Acts 15, where Paul and James affirmed their agreement on the subject. It will, therefore, be my purpose in this presentation, to emphasize both faith and works, to show the necessity of both. Years ago, there was an old gentleman whose job was to row people across a river at a spot where there was no other way to cross. This elderly man was very religious and loved to preach in his own way. The way he did it was unique. He called one of his oars Faith and the other he called Works. When someone got in his boat, he would first pull on the Faith oar and the boat would go in circles. Faith only ain t enough, he would announce. Then he would pull on the Works oar and the boat would go in circles in the opposite direction. Works only ain t enough, he would say. Then he would pull on both oars at once and the boat would go straight to the other side. It takes both faith and works! the evangelistic boatman would triumphantly conclude. And that is the message of this presentation. I will be asking these questions: Is your faith alive and well? and Is my faith alive and well? We will be noting that in this section, James establishes some general principles concerning faith any faith, whether before or after baptism. I will, therefore, use the occasion to encourage any who are not yet Christians to show their faith by repentance, confession, and baptism. 1 But I hope we will keep in mind that James is writing to Christians and that the main thrust of 1

his argument is to those who have already been baptized. Let each of us as Christians then first make application, not to denominational error, but to self. I ask again: What about our faith? Is it alive and well? I. FAITH WITHOUT WORKS IS USELESS (2:14-17). James has just finished teaching about showing partiality (2:1-13). As he closed that topic, he brought in the matter of failing to show mercy (v. 13). It is with this background, that he now asks the question: What doth it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can that faith save him? (James 2:14). Profit means to have value. The first part of James question is this: Of what value is it to say one has faith if one does not work, does not obey? The New English Bible has, What use is it? The understood answer is none. Faith without works is useless. We might notice that James does not deny that this man has faith (in fact, James refers to his faith in the last part of the question). The trouble was that the man s faith was expressed only in talking. He said he had faith. Not too long ago I visited with a man who had been paralyzed for many years. He had to live in an iron lung. But the paralysis of the man s limbs had not affected his tongue. We enjoyed a good visit with each other. That was a tragic situation. But it was not nearly as tragic as the one in which a person s limbs have become inoperative spiritually so that he never uses them to help others, but whose tongue has not been affected. He knows the vocabulary of faith, but not the vocation of faith. He talks it but he doesn t walk it. He is long on profession but short on practice. This type of faith, says James, is useless. Some may want to quibble about that word saved. The word saved can refer to being saved from past sins at the point of baptism (Mark 16:16) or being saved eternally (Matthew 24:13). 2 Since James is writing to Christians, I would assume that the second type of salvation is primarily in view. But what difference does it make? There are only two classes of people now, and there will only be two classes of people in the judgment the saved and the lost! James says here that works has to do with going to heaven. If you want to go to heaven, don t just say Lord, 2 Lord, but do the will of God in heaven (Matthew 7:21). James establishes a general principle applicable to all. James now gives an illustration of talking but not doing. He says, If a brother or sister be naked and in lack of daily food, and one of you say unto them, Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not those things needful to the body; what doth it profit? Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead in itself (James 2:15-17). Let us get the picture. Here is a brother or sister in Christ, 3 one with whom the other man shares the very closest of relationships. This one is naked. He is not without clothing, but is with totally inadequate clothing (John 21:7; Matthew 25:36; Acts 19:16; etc.). And he is in lack of daily food. He is desperately hungry. He was hungry yesterday, he is hungry today, and he will be hungrier tomorrow. He is not a professional bum. He is one who is genuinely and desperately in need. He lacks those things needful to the body, the most elementary needs, the very necessities of life, not luxuries. And it is obvious that he is in need. His need shows. I can see him standing in his rags with the cold winds whistling about him and the snowflakes beginning to swirl about his emaciated body. His face is gaunt and drawn, and his skin has the dry, scaly look of dehydration. Without help, he cannot last long upon this earth. And what is the response? It is Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled! Go in peace was the standard Jewish farewell (1 Samuel 1:17; 20:42; Luke 7:50; 8:48; Acts 16:36). It was roughly equivalent to our cheery Have a good day! Be ye warmed and filled just meant I surely hope your needs are taken care of. But the man did nothing to take care of those needs. He didn t share what he had; he didn t pull out his wallet; he didn t say, You can use my credit card ; he didn t even get him in touch with the deacon in charge of benevolence! He just sent him off with words cold, empty, useless, meaningless words. What did this profit? Nothing. You can t wrap words around a shivering body. There are no calories in words. Words without works are worthless, useless! To quote another, John said: Whoso hath the world s goods, and beholdeth his brother in need, and shutteth up his compassion from him, how doth the love of God abide in him? My little children,

let us not love in word, neither with the tongue; but in deed and truth (1 John 3:17, 18). So James concludes this point by saying: Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead in itself (v. 17). It is the faith of the chief priests who believed, but would not confess Christ (John 12:42). It is the faith of the alien sinner who believes, but will not be baptized (Mark 16:16). It is the faith of the impotent Christian who believes but who does not love God or man (1 Corinthians 13:1-3). This kind of faith, says James, is a lifeless corpse dead and useless! II. FAITH WITHOUT WORKS CANNOT BE DEMONSTRATED (2:18). With James hitting so close to home, one might expect objections. He apparently anticipates one in verse 18: Yea, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from thy works, and I by my works will show thee my faith. James point is easy to grasp, but exactly why he phrased the first part of the verse as he did has puzzled the experts. 4 Maybe James is anticipating someone arguing, So and so is a great man of faith, while I put the emphasis on works. Each is important, so stop harassing my friend, whose emphasis is faith. Whatever the objection being made, James answer is clear. There is no way for a man to show or prove or demonstrate his faith except by doing something. He says, Show me thy faith apart from thy works, and I by my works will show thee my faith. We understand this in other areas of life. What if a desperate criminal pointed a gun at me and said, Put up your hands or I ll shoot? How would I show that I believed him? I would do so by putting up my hands! What if the doctor said, Take this medicine and you ll get well? How could I show the I believe him? I would do so by taking the medicine! James is stressing that this is just as true in the spiritual realm as it is in life in general. Jesus said, He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved (Mark 16:16; italics mine). How can I show that I believe Him? I can by believing and being baptized! Jesus further commands us to teach sinners and make disciples, and if we will do this, He will be with us (Matthew 28:18-20). How can we show that we believe Him? We can by teaching and making disciples! As far as the world in general is concerned, there is no difference between an atheist and a believer until that believer starts acting as if he believes, that is, until his faith makes a difference in his life. Faith without works cannot be demonstrated. III. FAITH WITHOUT WORKS CANNOT CHANGE A PERSON (2:19, 20). A large percentage of James readers must have felt that just holding faith in their hearts was sufficient and were, therefore, haphazard about obedience. Perhaps this was because of their Jewish ancestry. 5 This Jewish background seems to be in James mind as he starts his next point: Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well:... (James 2:19). The Jews prided themselves on their monotheism, their belief in one God. The Shema, the classic statement that Jehovah our God is one Jehovah (Deuteronomy 6:4), was echoed by every faithful Jew morning and evening and continually in the temple. The rabbis taught the people that if they prolonged the word one in the recitation, their days would be prolonged on the earth. 6 James does not hesitate to commend them on their belief in one God: Thou doest well. 7 Some have taught that James downgrades faith in his letter, but this is not true. Throughout the epistle, the importance of faith is stressed: The proving of your faith worketh patience (1:3); Let him ask in faith, nothing doubting (1:6); Hold not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ,... with respect of persons (2:1); The prayer of faith shall save him that is sick (5:15). (Italics mine.) What James does downgrade is the faith that was an end within itself. Apparently, some of his readers thought that just believing in one God made them very special people just as some members think that believing in one church or the necessity of baptism in and of itself makes them special. James quickly lets his readers know that faith did not make them unique: The demons also believe, and shudder (James 2:19; italics mine). These demons 8 the devil s underlings and co-workers James says believe and shudder. Such a statement must be startling to those who believe demons did not exist in the New 3

Testament times, that they were the figments of the imagination of an unenlightened and superstitious people, and that they can be explained as physical and mental disorders. Figments of the imagination do not believe and shudder. But it may also be startling to those who believe in Satan and his coworkers to learn that demons believe and shudder. James and other inspired writers tell us about the faith of demons. They believe in the one God (James 2:19). They believe in the deity of Jesus (Mark 3:11, 12). They believe in the existence of a place of punishment (Luke 8:30, 31). They believe in Christ as Judge (Mark 5:1-13). Believing all this, it is little wonder that they shudder. The root of the Greek word translated shudder or tremble (KJV) is to bristle or to have one s hair stand on end (see Job 4:14). These demons know what is ahead and it terrifies them! In this respect, they are far ahead of many of those to whom I preach. I can preach on eternity, and people check their watches. I can preach on heaven, and people plan what they are going to have for supper. I can preach on hell and get a yawn. But the demons know what is coming and they tremble. That should tell us something! But that is as far as it goes with demons. There is a lot I don t know about demons exactly who or what they are, where they come from, etc. But this I know, even after they believe and tremble, they remain demons, still Satan s henchmen, not angels serving God! Faith with works will not, cannot, change a person! So again, James hammers home his point: But wilt thou know, O vain man [literally, empty-headed man 9 ], that faith apart from works is barren? 10 (James 2:20). One writer suggests that there are three types of faith in James 2:14-26, each one of which can be described with a word starting with d. There is dead faith of verses 17, 20, and 26. This faith apparently involves only the intellect. Then there is demonic faith of verse 19. This faith goes further. It involves the intellect and the emotions. The demons are moved emotionally they tremble. But involving the intellect and the emotions is still not enough. There must be the involvement of the whole man. And this includes not only the intellect and the emotions, but also the will, that which causes one to act. The writer 4 calls this dynamic faith. 11 IV. FAITH WITHOUT WORKS IS NOT PERFECTED (2:21-25). No individual would be more respected by James Jewish Christian readers than Father Abraham. James calls upon the life of Abraham for proof of his thesis that faith must work in order to please God by saying: Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? Thou seest faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect; and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness; and he was called the friend of God. Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith (James 2:21-24). Every little Jewish boy and girl knew by heart the story of Abraham offering Isaac (Genesis 22:11-19). To test Abraham, God came to him and told him to take his son, his only son of promise, Isaac, into the land of Moriah and there offer him as a burnt offering. Early the next day Abraham, Isaac, and two young male servants started on the journey. On the third day they reached the designated spot, a mountain. The two servants were left behind while Abraham and Isaac climbed the mountain. They took with them the wood, the fire, and the knife for the burnt offering. As they toiled upward, Isaac asked, My father:... Behold, the fire and the wood: but where is the lamb for a burnt offering? (Genesis 22:7). Abraham s heart must have been breaking, but he replied, God will provide... my son (Genesis 22:8). At last they reached the summit. Abraham built the altar, put on the wood, and then bound Isaac and laid him on the altar. I cannot imagine the feelings of father and son as this was done nor what words might have passed between them. Abraham then took the knife to slay his son. There was no hesitation. In his heart he had already done the deed (Hebrews 11:17). But a Voice from heaven stopped him, saying, Now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from me (Genesis 22:12, italics mine). Abraham was allowed to substitute a ram, caught in a nearby thicket, for his son. Then the voice came again, repeating the

great covenant promise first made in Genesis 17:1-3. It concluded: And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeyed my voice (Genesis 22:18; italics mine). This is one of the most touching stories in the Bible demonstrating the faith of both Abraham and Isaac. How was Abraham able to meet such a test? He had faith, the kind of faith that did what God said even though he did not fully understand. Someone has said that faith is not believing in spite of the evidence, but rather obeying in spite of the consequences! The Hebrew writer spoke of Abraham s active, working faith in Hebrews 11:17-19: By faith Abraham, being tried, offered up Isaac: yea, he that had gladly received the promises was offering up his only begotten son; even he to whom it was said, In Isaac shall thy seed be called: accounting that God is able to raise up, even from the dead;... Abraham did not just say the words, Jehovah our God is one Jehovah, and think that was sufficient. Rather, he did what God told him to do. This seems a nice, straightforward illustration, establishing the point that the only viable faith is the faith that obeys, does, and works. But, believe it or not, this simple illustration is at the center of the controversy I mentioned at the start of this lesson. I am sure James would be astonished if he could hear the objections his illustration prompts. The word justified disturbs many. Someone says, Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar? Justified by works? another says. Some can t have that! So someone says, This means that he was justified in the eyes of men when he offered Isaac. But this position has several problems. First, the passage says he was justified when he offered Isaac. And no one else was present on that occasion except Abraham, Isaac, and God. Second, in the context, justified is used synonymously with being saved (v. 14) and being counted righteous by God (v. 23). So another says, The justification referred to here is not the initial justification of one becoming a child of God, but rather ultimate justification. Again some comments are in order. First, Paul quotes the same passage that James quotes (Genesis 15:6) and does apply it to initial justification (Romans 4:1-4). Second, what difference does it make anyway? What if it were shown that James is just anticipating ultimate justification? Or that Paul was referring back? In either case, justification has to do with going to heaven. But that prompts someone to say, It can t have to do with going to heaven! You just mentioned Paul in Romans 4. And in that passage Paul gives a different illustration of Abraham s faith. And in verse 2 he says, in effect, that Abraham was not justified by works! So we ultimately come to the old Paul-versus-James idea. (Incidentally, I may be a little slow, but I have never figured out why in the so-called Paul-versus-James controversy, what Paul supposedly says always takes precedent over what James says!) But, as already noted in the introduction of this lesson, the fact is that Paul and James do not contradict each other. Rather, their statements are complementary, supplementary. In context, Paul is talking about works of merit, such as those under the Law of Moses, whereby a person is trying to earn his salvation by a good life, by helping others, or other good deeds. On the other hand, James is talking about works that emulate from a heart that simply wants to do what God says, with no thought of earning or meriting anything. Let me insert this startling thought into this controversy: Since James is an inspired writer, speaking for God, why not leave his writings alone? Don t try to bend or twist them to fit some predetermined doctrine. Just let James speak for himself and thus for God! And what does he say? Let us look briefly at the text. Verse 21 says Abraham was justified by works, when he offered Isaac. He was justified (or counted as righteous in verse 23) by God when he obeyed. Verse 22a says,... faith wrought with his works,... Wrought with means literally, worked with or cooperated with. Faith and works cooperated. James doesn t teach faith only. James doesn t teach works only, James teaches faith and works. Verse 22b says,... by works was faith made perfect [or completed or finished], Our faith needs to be perfected, and this is the purpose of works. Hence, the heading for this section is Faith Without Works Is Not Perfected. 5

Verse 23a says, And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness;... The word translated reckoned is translated counted in other translations. It means to credit to someone s account that which does not actually belong to him. Abraham was not actually righteous, just, perfect in every respect. But God counted Abraham righteous or put it on the ledger that he was righteous when Abraham believed. When did all this take place? The Scripture referred to in verse 23 is Genesis 15:6. At the time referred to in that passage, Abraham had no children and he was growing old. But God told him that his children would be as numberless as the stars. We then read in Genesis 15:6: And he believed in Jehovah; and he [God] reckoned it to him for righteousness. (Italics mine.) But this event took place several years before Abraham offered Isaac. How do they tie together? James is evidently saying that the point at which Abraham s faith was counted for righteousness was after that faith had been tested and had met the test. Remember that it was after Abraham s obedience that God said, Now I know that thou fearest God, (Genesis 22:12) and again,... because thou hast obeyed my voice (Genesis 22:18). Verse 23b says,... and he was called the friend of God. This appellation was called on Abraham long after his death (Isaiah 41:8; 2 Chronicles 20:7). Why was Abraham God s friend? He did what God said! Men may find these verses controversial, but it is obvious that James thinks this is a nice, clear illustration. Notice the way he starts off the very next verse: Ye see... (v. 24). James expected them (and us) to see the point. He has proved his point by analogy (vv. 14, 15), by demonstration (vv. 17, 18), and by inspired affirmation (vv. 14-23). There can be only one conclusion: Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith (James 2:24; italics mine). Some translations put the word only at the last of the verse:... not by faith only. In the original the word only is there for emphasis, and that is a good place to leave it:... not by faith only. I do not know how James could have been any clearer. Imagine this conversation: James, are you teaching that one must do 6 some works in order to be justified? That s what I said. Are you teaching justification by works only? No, no, no. Can t you read? I said, By works and not by faith only. I have plainly said that justification is by faith (but not faith only) and works. So it couldn t be by works only. My friend, Paul, summarized it well when he spoke of faith working by love in his letter to the brethren in Galatia [Galatians 5:6]. Well, are you maybe saying that faith results in one kind of justification and works result in another kind of justification? Can t you read? It says, Justified by works and not by faith only. The first part of the verse says we are justified by works. The last part of the sentence stresses that we are justified by faith (but not faith only). Only one justification is spoken of in the verse. A justification on the basis of works and faith. If it is not the same justification for both, the sentence makes no sense. Is there any possibility that we can be justified by faith only? At this point one can imagine James walking off, looking thoroughly disgusted and shaking his head as he says, Read it; read it. Not by faith only, not by faith only, not by faith only. The creed books of men may say, That we are justified by faith only is a most wholesome doctrine, and very full of comfort, but the Bible does not say it. This is the only place in the Authorized Version that the phrase by faith only is found, and it is plainly stated, not by faith only. Which are we to believe, man or God? But James is not quite finished. Some might continue to cling to the fact that Abraham was a child of God before he offered Isaac, so (they conclude) James statement has nothing to do with becoming a child of God. These need to listen to James last illustration. He says, And in like manner was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works, in that she received the messengers, and sent them out another way? (James 2:25; italics mine). The verse begins with in like manner. The NIV has in the same way. James is talking about the same kind of faith, the same kind of justification. One would be hard pressed to think of a

greater contrast than that of Abraham and Rahab one the father of the Jews, the other a Gentile; one godly, the other sinful; one the friend of God, the other of the enemies of God. But they had something in common. When they believed, their faith caused them to act. Like the story of Abraham, the story of Rahab was a familiar one to the Jews. She was called by some Jews, the first proselyte. She is listed among the heroes of faith in Hebrews 11 (v. 31). She later married Salmon and was the mother of Boaz, who married Ruth. She was the greatgrandmother of David the King and in the lineage of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:5, 6). She was quite a woman! Her story is found in Joshua 2 and 6. When Joshua sent two spies into Jericho to determine its strength, they found a most unexpected ally in Rahab, the harlot. She had heard how God had been with the Israelites, and she believed (Joshua 2:10, 11). At the risk of her own life, she bravely helped the spies to escape, using the well-known scarlet cord. As a result, when Jericho was destroyed, she and her family were spared, as they followed the exact instructions of those spies. By no stretch of the imagination could Rahab be spoken of as a child of God before she was justified by works. The Hebrew word for harlot in the book of Joshua might be somewhat ambiguous, but the Greek word in the books of James and Hebrews is not. She was a prostitute, a pagan living by pagan standards. But she came to believe in the one true and living God, and that faith caused her to cooperate in the plan of God. Her faith did something. And as a result, she was spared, she was admitted to covenant relationship, and her entire life was changed! Let me pause now to ask you a question: Is there any comfort in this section of Scripture on Abraham and Rahab for those who would say, Just believe on the Lord, say a little prayer, and be saved! I think I can hear your answer: None at all. But now let me ask you some other questions: Is there any comfort in this passage for one who has been baptized, whose faith has ceased to work? For one who is not faithful in attendance? For one who is not trying to teach others? For one who is self-centered and not concerned about the needs of others? For one who is living like the world? It is very tempting when studying this passage to center our attack on those in denominations who teach error. But let us never forget that James big guns are zeroed in on his brethren brethren who said, Be warm and filled, but who didn t show love; brethren who thought that believing a certain doctrine made them special whether they lived a godly life or not; brethren who thought that their spiritual ancestry made them unique whether they were personally committed or not. The point of this passage and the point of this lesson is this: Let us examine ourselves our hearts, our obedience. V. IN SHORT, FAITH WITHOUT WORKS IS DEAD (2:26). If we were to try to determine James main point by the number of times it is repeated, it would be a tossup between the fact that we are justified by works (vv. 21, 24, 25) and the one that says faith without works is dead (vv. 17, 20, 26). James has just restated the former in verse 25. He now restates the latter: For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead (James 2:26). Doctors and lawyers continue to struggle with the question, At what point does death occur? Is it when the heart stops beating? When the brain waves cease? When all bodily functions cease? James answer may have little meaning in a court of law or a medical textbook, but it is decisive: Death occurs when the immortal spirit, given to us by the Father of Spirits (Hebrews 12:9; Ecclesiastes 12:7), leaves this mortal body, a gift from our parents. Probably the best, the shortest, and the most concise definition of death as used in the Bible is the word separation. The body separated from the spirit is dead. James says this is so in the matter of faith: Faith apart from works is dead. Faith separated from works is lifeless! Many parallels might be drawn between a dead body and a dead faith: A dead body does not move; a dead faith does not move. A dead body is barren; a dead faith is barren. A dead body has no value; a dead faith has no real value. A dead body is repulsive to men; a dead faith is repulsive to God! The Bible speaks of many different types of faith: great faith (Matthew 8:10), strong faith (Hebrews 11:11, 12), and perfect faith (James 7

2:22). But it also speaks of little faith (Matthew 6:30), weak faith (Matthew 17:20), and dead faith (James 2:26). Would any contend that one can be saved by a dead faith? Surely not! An alien sinner cannot be, nor can an inactive member of the church! CONCLUSION In our lesson we have seen that faith without works is useless. It cannot be demonstrated, it cannot change a person, it is not perfected, and it is dead! Our faith does not help us or others until it causes us to act. Once a chaplain walked up to a wounded soldier who had been lying on the ground some time without anyone treating his wounds. The chaplain asked, Would you like for me to read to you from the Bible? No! came the angry reply. Is there anything else I can do for you? the chaplain asked. I m thirsty! the soldier said. The chaplain gave him a drink from his own canteen. Anything else? he asked. I m cold! came the reply. The chaplain took off his coat and spread it over the soldier. Anything else? he again asked. My head is uncomfortable! was his reply. The chaplain took off his cap and arranged it under the soldier s head and then asked again, Anything else? The soldier looked up at him and tears came to his eyes as he said, I think now I d like for you to read to me from the Bible. May God help us to have the kind of faith that even the world can see. As we come now to the invitation, please notice that in this passage James pictures four types of individuals two with a dead faith and two with a living, active faith. On the one side is the individual who says, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled, but does nothing to help. On the other is faithful Abraham, the friend of God, who did not hesitate to obey God, no matter the personal cost! On the one side are the demons who believe and tremble, but who remain demons. On the other is a pagan woman, who believed in God, who cast her lot with the people of God, who made a 180-degree turn in her life! Each one of us here today is on one side or the other on the side of the unloving and the demons or on the side of Abraham and Rahab; on the side of dead faith or the side of a living, active faith; on the side of damnation or on the side of 8 justification. Let each of us examine himself. Let each ask himself the question, Is my faith alive and well? FOOTNOTES 1 If it is desired to slant the lesson more to non-christians, a good illustration is in Loretta Lynn s, Loretta Lynn: Coal Miner s Daughter (Chicago: Regnery, 1976; Warner Books, 1977), p. 215. 2 This can also refer to the day-to-day cleansing by the blood of Christ. 3 This could just refer to a fellow Jew, whether in Christ or not, but I believe in the context it refers to a fellow Christian. 4 One could expect an opponent to say, You may have works but I have my faith. 5 See the first lesson where the basic argument is made for James readers being Jewish Christians. 6 Guy N. Woods, A Commentary on the Epistle of James, New Testament Commentaries (Nashville: Gospel Advocate Co., 1972), p. 139. 7 Some think there is a touch of irony in this, and there may be, but he apparently used the same phrase in James 2:8 without irony. 8 The Greek word is daimonia. There is only one devil (diabolos) (James 4:7). 9 Woods, p. 142. 10 A comparison can be made to the unproductive plant or animal. 11 Warren W. Wiersbe, Be Mature, (Wheaton, Ill.: SP Publications, Inc., 1978), pp. 76-80. Visual-Aid Notes Several illustrations in this lesson lend themselves to a chalkboard or overhead projector treatment. Without attempting to completely outline the lesson, I have listed some key points: 1. Title 2. Illustration of a man and a boat (Draw a simple boat as it might be seen from above. Draw one oar, adding an arrow to indicate the direction the boat would go. Erase that oar and draw the other oar, having the arrow point the other way. Finally, draw both oars, having the arrow point straight ahead.) 3. First main point 4. Stick-figure drawing with the words: Be warmed and filled. 5. Second main point 6. Stick-figure drawings: a robber with a gun and a man with his hands up; a medicine bottle 7. Third main point 8. A list of what demons believe 9. Fourth main point 10. Stick-figure drawings: Abraham offer-

ing Isaac; Rahab helping the spies escape 11. Fifth main point 12. A bulls-eye with the phrases great faith, strong faith, and perfect faith in the center and the following phrases on the circles going out from the center: little faith, weak faith, and (finally) dead faith 13. Conclusion with stick-figure drawings: a sour-looking man and a demon on the left side which is labeled DEAD FAITH and Abraham and Rahab on the right side which is labeled LIVING FAITH (Note: If you will look through Bible coloring books, you may find some good pictures of Abraham and Rahab. Coloring-book illustrations make excellent transparencies.) Copyright, 1982, 2004 by Truth for Today ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9