PERIOD 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies Date Due Assignment (Notes on blue sections listed) Important Terms Aug. 27 Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia, pp. 131-138 1. The Achaemenid Empire 2. Decline and Fall of the Achaemenid Empire 3. The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid Empires Cyrus, Cambyses Darius and his admin. Persepolis Achaemenid Empire Satrap/Satrapy Xerxes Persian Wars Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sasanid Empire 1. Who are the Persians? 2. How was Cyrus able to conquer such a large territory? 3. What did Cambyses accomplish? 4. How did each of the following allow for the efficient and effective administration of the Achaemenid empire under Darius: Persepolis, Satraps/Satrapies, Taxes, coins, laws, roads/communication. 5. Describe how each of the following contributed to the decline and fall of the Achaemenid empire: Xerxes, Persian Wars, Alexander of Macedon. 6. What are the major characteristics of the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid Empires? Aug. 28 Aug. 31 Sept. 1 Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia, pp. 139-146 1. Social Development in Classical Persia 2. Economic Foundations of Classical Persia 3. Zarathustra and His Faith 4. Religions of Salvation in a Cosmopolitan Society Qanat Zarathustra Zorastrianism 1. Describe the structure of Persian society. 2. What conditions allowed for increased trade in this region? 3. Describe the Zoroastrian faith. 4. Why did Zoroastrianism decline? 5. How has it been influential? Chapter 8: The Unification of China, pp. 149-155 1. Confucius and His School 2. Daoism 3. Legalism Period of Warring St. Confucius Confucianism Analects Junzi Ren, Li, Xiao Mencius Daoism Laozi Dao Wuwei Legalism Shang Yang Han Feizi 1. Why did Confucius not deal with philosophical or religious questions? 2. According to Confucius, what would bring order and stability to China? 3. Why were Daoists critical of Confucians? 4. According to the Daoists, what would bring order and stability to China? 5. Describe the political doctrine of the Legalists. How did they approach the challenges of creating an orderly society?
Sept. 2 Sept. 3 Sept. 4 Chapter 8: The Unification of China, pp. 155-166 Qin Dynasty Han Wudi 1. The Qin Dynasty Qin Shihuangdi Confucian Educ. Sys. 2. The Early Han Dynasty Han Dynasty Xiongnu 3. Productivity and Prosperity during the Liu Bang Wang Mang Former Han Sima Qian Yellow Turban Upr. 4. Economic and Social Difficulties 5. The Later Han 1. Why is Qin Shihuangdi significant? 2. Why was there resistance to his rule? 3. Why did Qin burn books and persecute scholars? 4. How did he enhance unity in China? 5. Why did the people of western China build walls? 6. What were the important accomplishments of Han Wudi? 7. Why did the Xiongnu pose such a challenge to the Han Dynasty? 8. What important industries helped expand the Chinese economy? Explain. 9. Explain the origins of social tensions in the Han Dynasty. 10. Why is the rule of Wang Mang considered the dividing point between the former and the later Han Dynasty? 11. How did the Yellow Turban Uprising affect the Han Dynasty? Chapter 9: State, Soc. And the Quest for Salvation in India, pp. 169-177 1. The Mauryan Dynasty and the Temporary Unification of India 2. The Emergence of Regional Kingdoms and the Revival of Empire 3. Towns and Trade 4. Family Life and the Caste System Alexander of Macedon Mauryan Dynasty Chandragupta Maurya Arthashastra Ashoka 1. Describe the unification of India. 2. What was the Arthashastra and how was it used? 3. Why did the high point of the Mauryan Dynasty come under Ashoka? 4. Why did the Mauryan Dynasty decline? 5. What happened in India between the Mauryan and Gupta Dyansties? 6. How did the Gupta administration differ from the Mauryan? 7. How did political stability influence science and mathematics? 8. How did India s political organization differ from Persia and China? 9. Describe the influence of the monsoon winds on trade in the Indian Ocean basin. 10. Describe the role of the jati in Indian society. Chapter 9: State, Soc. And the Quest for Salvation in India, pp. 177-185 1. Jainism and the Challenge to the Established Cultural Order 2. Early Buddhism 3. Mahayana Buddhism 4. The Emergence of Popular Hinduism Jainism Siddhartha Gautama Buddhism Four Noble Truths/Dharma Boddhisatva Hinduism Mahabarata Bhagavad Gita Gupta Dynasty White Huns Monsoon Caste System Jati 1. What are the characteristics of Jainism? Why was it appealing to some people? Why didn t it
gain a large following? 2. Describe the foundation of the Buddhist faith. Describe the doctrine. 3. Why was Buddhism appealing? 4. What developments in Buddhism made it even more popular? 5. Describe the spread of Buddhism. 6. How did Hinduism become a popular religion of salvation? 7. Describe the importance of the Bhagavad Gita. Sept. 8 Sept. 9 Sept. 10 Sept. 11 Chapter 10: Medit. Soc: The Greeks, pp. 189-196 Minoans Pericles Marathon & Salamis 1. Minoan and Mycenaean Societies Mycenaeans Persian Delian League 2. The World of the Polis Polis Wars Peloponnesian War 3. Greek Colonization Sparta Athens 4. Conflict with Persia Helot Solon 1. What contributions did the Minoan and Mycenaean societies make to the Greeks? 2. How was the political organization of the Greeks different than Persia, China and India? 3. Compare and contrast Sparta and Athens. 4. What caused the Persian Wars? What was the outcome? 5. What long- term effects did the Persian Wars have on Greece? Article: Alexander the Great This article will be handed out in class a few days prior to its due date. Please read and highlight main ideas and terms. Write the discussion questions next to their content. 1. Why do you think Alexander was such a great leader? 2. How did he conqueror so much in such a short period of time? 3. Explain Alexander s reception in Egypt. 4. Why was the Battle of Gaugamela so important? 5. What troubles did Alexander and his army face in India? 6. What happened after he died? 7. What was the lasting legacy of the empire of Alexander? Chapter 10: Medit. Soc: The Greeks, pp. 199-208 1. The Hellenistic Empires 2. Trade and Integration of the Mediterranean Basin 3. Family and Society 4. Rational Thought and Philosophy 5. Popular Religion 6. Hellenistic Philosophy and Religion Phillip of Macedon Alexander of Macedon Aristotle Phalanx Campaigns: Asia Minor, Egypt, Gaugamela Hellenistic Era Antigonid Empire Ptolemaic Empire Seleucid Empire Olympics Socrates Plato Aristotle Epicureans Skeptics Stoics 1. What does Hellenistic mean? Describe the contributions of the Hellenistic empires. 2. Describe the role of Greece in Mediterranean trade. 3. Explain how the Greeks maintained a sense of common identity even though they weren t united politically. 4. Describe Greek slavery. 5. Describe the basic philosophy of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
Sept. 14 Sept. 15 Sept. 16 Sept. 17 Chapter 11: Medit. Soc: Rome, pp. 213-218 1. The Roman Republic and Its Constitution 2. The Expansion of the Republic 3. Imperial Expansion and Domestic Problems 4. The Foundation of Empire Roman Republic Consuls Patricians Plebians Tribunes Carthage 1. What is a republic? 2. How was the govt of Rome organized? 3. How did they address class tensions in the govt? 4. How did they treat the people of the lands they conquered? 5. Why were the Punic Wars fought? What were the effects of the wars? 6. Why did Rome transition from a Republic to an Empire? 7. Why did Rome transition from a Republic to an Empire? 8. How did the Gracchi brothers try to bring reform to the Roman Republic? 9. Why did Civil War break out in Rome? What were the effects? 10. Describe Julius Caesar s role in the transition to an empire. 11. How did Augustus become the first Roman emperor? Chapter 11: Medit. Soc: Rome, pp. 218-229 1. Continuing Expansion and Integration of the Empire 2. Trade and Urbanization (Just read sections on Commercial Ag and Med Trade, p. 221) 3. Family and Society in Roman Times (Just section on Slavery, pp. 224-225) 4. Greek Philosophy and Religions of Salvation (Just Roman Dieties and Cicero/Stoicism) 5. Judaism and Early Christianity Pax Romana Roman Roads Roman Law Slavery Spartacus Stoicism Cicero Judaism Christianity Paul of Tarsus 1. How did the expansion of the empire affect the rural regions of Europe? 2. What was the Pax Romana? 3. Why is the Roman Empire known for its roads? 4. Describe the influence of Roman law. 5. How did the Romans promote trade during the time of the Empire? 6. What was the role of slavery in Roman society? 7. Why were Jews persecuted during Roman times? 8. Describe the foundation of Christianity. Why was it appealing? Chapter 12: CC Exc. On the Silk Roads, pp. 233-244 1. Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era 2. The Silk Roads 3. The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism 4. The Spread of Christianity 5. The Spread of Manichaeism 6. The Spread of Epidemic Disease Monsoon System Silk Roads Nestorians Mani and Manichaeism Epidemic Disease 1. Why did trade become less risky during the Classical Era? 2. Describe the development of the Silk Roads. 3. How did Buddhism become the most popular faith in all of East Asia? Punic Wars Latifundia Tiberius Gracchus Gaius Gracchus Julius Caesar Augustus Caesar
4. How did the Silk Roads facilitate the spread of Hinduism and Christianity? 5. What are the main beliefs of Manichaeism? 6. What were the long- term effects of the spread of disease along the Silk Roads? Sept. 18 Sept. 21 Sept. 22 Chapter 12: CC Exc. On the Silk Roads, pp. 244-252 1. Internal Decay of the Han State 2. Cultural Change in Post- Han China 3. Internal Decay of the Roman Empire 4. Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire 5. Cultural Changes in the Late Roman Empire Han Dynasty Chang an Sinicization Barracks Emperors Diocletian Tetrarchs Constantine Constantinople Huns Edict of Milan Patriarch Pope Council of Nicaea 1. Compare and contrast the decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire. 2. Describe the cultural changes that occurred in China following the collapse. 3. How did Christianity become prominent in the late Roman Empire? 4. How did the Church become institutionalized or standardized? 5. What was the role of Christianity in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire? Test: Chapters 6-12 70 Multiple Choice (10 from previous material) Essay Day Essay type- TBA