RISE UP: SLAVS OF EASTERN EUROPE & RUSSIA: 900-1472
LESSON THREE LESSON THREE Textbook 11-2; pages 307-313 313 Lesson Three Objectives: Identify the impact of the Byzantine Empire of the Eastern Slavs Identify the impact of the Byzantine Empire of the Analyze the role of the Mongols in the development of Russia Understand the Kievan State Understand the Key Vocabulary: King Vladimir, Moscow, Czar, Ivan III
RUSSIA S S BIRTH Byzantine sent missionaries to convert Slavs in 9 th century Increased interaction led Slavs to absorb Greek Byzantine ways Blending Blending of Slavic and Greek traditions that produced Russian culture
GEOGRAPHY Russia s s 1 st unified territory originated west of Ural Mountains in region between Black Sea to Baltic Sea 3 Important Rivers Dnieper, Don and Volga Important because allowed travel in any direction Interconnected
SLAVS People of Eastern Europe (several subgroups) Western Slavs developed the region of Ukraine and Western Russia Legend says Slavs invited Viking chief Rurik to be their king He founded Novgorod in 862, Russia s s 1 st important city He founded Novgorod in 862, Russia Vikings would sail from Kiev by Dnieper river to Constantinople for trade Kiev important city; ruled by Viking prince Vikings married Slavic subjects and adopted Slavic culture Line between Slavs and Vikings gradually diminished
CHRISTIANITY Christianity spread to Slavic lands (900s) In general when ruler converted to Christianity, all subjects did too King Vladimir of Kiev (modern Ukraine) converted to Christianity Ordered mass baptism of subjects in Dnieper River When he considered changing to Christianity, sent out people to observe the major religions of the time What were the major religions? Group returned with beautiful account from Group returned with beautiful account from Byzantium (what going to read for homework)
Report convinced Vladimir to convert Vladimir appreciated the Byzantine idea of the emperor as supreme ruler of the church Link between church and state took root in Russia (same link as see with Justinian and Church)
KIEVAN RUSSIA Because of Byzantine ties, Kiev became glittering capital, prosperous and educated Russia s s 1 st unified territory Vladimir drove the force of Kiev s s power Expanded west into Poland and north to Baltic Sea 1019 1019 Yaroslav the Wise (Vlad ( Vlad s son) led Kiev to even greater glory Created trading alliances by marrying off daughters/sisters to kings and princes of Western Europe Europe Built 1 Built 1 st library in Kiev Christianity prospered-by 12 th century 400 churches Christianity prospered How did Kiev Christianity? How did Vladimir How did Kiev s s location on Dnieper River help establish Christianity? How did Vladimir s s conversion to Christianity affect Kiev?
DECLINE Yaroslav died and the decline began in 1054 During rule, divided realm between sons instead of passing throne to eldest When Yaroslav died, sons fought and tore state apart for certain territories This continued with each generation-problems & struggles 1095-Crusades (clashes between Christian, Muslim for Holy Lands) in Middle East caused trading problems for Kiev Which problem that led to Kiev s s decline was the most severe and why?
MONGOLS INVADE MONGOLS INVADE Middle 1200s Mongols slashed way into Russia Ferocious horsemen and nomadic Under Genghis Khan Khan Khan Mongol word for ruler ruler Ruthless brutality-savage killing and burning At fullest extent Mongol empire stretched Yellow Sea to Baltic Sea and from Himalayas to Northern Russia 1240 attacked devastated Kiev, under Batu Khan 1240 attacked devastated Kiev, under (grandson) and slaughtered many When Kiev fell Mongols ruled all Southern When Kiev fell Mongols ruled all Southern Russia for 200 years Official name of empire Khanate of Official name of empire the Golden Horde Also known as Tartars See map pg. 309
Mongol rule isolated Russians more than ever from neighbors in Western Europe Isolated because Mongols demanded absolute obedience and massive payments/tributes Had little access to new ideas and inventions
BREAKING FREE BREAKING FREE After defeat of Mongols, northern city of Muscovy, founded 1100s, (modern day Moscow) became leading center of Russian culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity Ivan III openly challenged Mongol rule and took name Czar P. 311-Bloodless standoff with Mongols, no one fought, marked liberation from Mongol rule After Constantinople fell to Muslim Turks in 1453, Moscow became the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity Since Byzantine empire was no more, Russian leader took the title Czar, copying name used by the Romans (Caesar)
IVAN III IVAN III Known as The Great 1472 married niece of last Byzantine Emperor 1472 married niece of last Byzantine Appointed self as protector of Eastern Orthodox Church 1480 brought Novgorod and other cities under his control and called himself ruler of Russia Made Moscow capital and rebuilt Kremlin (citadel) Kremlin center of Moscow Like a fort built within protection of its walls Like a fort-many palaces, churches and cathedral built within protection of its walls
Moscow
Moscow Kremlin and Moskva River
The Kremlin
St. Basil s Cathedral Built 1555-1560
Kremlin
In Moscow Kremlin" by Apollinary Vasnetsov
SOURCES Images http://www.wikipedia.org/