NATURAL PEST CRL... 2 June Vol.1.4 2013 RITUAL... 4 Light of A D D R E S S I N G T H E N E E D S O F Y O G A S T U D E N T S A N D Spiritual Heart... 9 I N D I V I D U A L S F O C U S E D O N S P I R I T U A L I T Y A N D G R O W T H. Yoga It is a joy to present this issue of Light of Yoga. Welcome!! Welcome to Light of Yoga, special summer edition. In this issue, I examine natural forms of pest control. We have an exciting article by Meruputri that examines rituals and her personal journey with rituals. We also share an important article by Pandit Vamadeva Shastri which explores an important mantra to the spiritual heart. If you would like to learn this mantra in Sanskrit, we have a lecture for purchase. We have new online study options for students and an important book coming out as an Ebook. And, of course, we have the latest online events listed so you can expand and deepen your knowledge and understanding of what yoga truly is. We are considering making the newsletter a monthly publication, as this will allow people to see issues on a monthly basis and possibly will keep people interested in deepening their study and spiritual growth. In future issues, we hope to include more writers that have studied with me for many years and will provide powerful insight into yoga and its true essence. Yogi Baba Prem performing a yogic fire ceremony. Wisdom from the tradition. Prithvi literally meaning earth. Prithvi is one of the three Vedic worlds, and the world that perform most of our daily functions within. Prithvi is also a name for the Goddess of the earth. Our relationship with this form of the Goddess is appearing to be stressed and strained due to activities of humanity and earths attempt to maintain equilibrium. So it is important, spiritually, that we strengthen the energies of this Goddess within our lives through mantra and mediation.
Natural Pest Control By Yogi Baba Prem Yogi Baba Prem explores natural pest control and shares techniques that he has used. PATANJALI AND GOD By Yogi Baba Prem It was a beautiful spring day in the Himalayas. The sun was bright. Yet the air was fresh and crisp. As with springtime in all parts of the world, the earth is coming alive during the season. But this day was to be different. Today would make the arrival of a different creature. A huge swarm of bees had flown through the lower Himalayan mountains to their summer home. This year, they had selected a room within the hotel we were staying. The room literally buzzed with life, as the swarm began the task of building a new home. Most interesting was the attitude of the locals. Instead of calling the exterminator to remove or kill the bees, they merely moved the occupants, the human ones, to another room, and left the bees to go about their tasks for the summer. In much of the developed world, this is not the common attitude. I do not know if it is possible for the developed world to fully embrace such a view as I witnessed in India, but there are potential better solutions that we westerners can embrace when dealing with what we view as potential pests. While modern pest control has become a big business with farmers alone expected to spend over 4 billion dollars on pest control, as this number is quite old coming from the 1990s, it is safe to assume that the amount of spending has increased considerably over the last decade. For the general population, there has been a growing concern over the safety of pesticides and many people have began to search for what they feel are safer alternatives. While many natural methods are considered safer then powerful pesticides, it is important to remember that even natural products can be dangerous at times in high concentrations, or for children and even those that are pregnant. So it is important to be educated prior to using any of the information covered in this article, and to consult with an expert. I will share with you some of the natural solutions we have used in our daily life to work on controlling insects. Fire Ants: There is little doubt that fire ants can become a serious problem at times. But we found a simple way to control fire ant incursion when necessary. We use grits. While grits are all natural and break down easily in the environment and pose no danger to the environment. The fire ant queen does not do well when ingesting grits. Once the queen is gone, the fire ant colony lives out their short life cycle. Regrettably this method does involve destroying the colony. Spiders: We have dis- Yogi Baba Prem has just released a new book Patanjali and God. In this important book, he debunks numerous myths regarding Patanjali and the tradition he taught. He also reveals secret associations with Divinity that is hidden within the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. This book is over 50 pages and is available as an ebook only. The investment is only $4.95 Order your copy at: www.vedicpath.com
Natural Pest continued. recognized for EBOOKS By Yogi Baba Prem covered that spiders do not like peppermint oil. If you have spiders coming into your home and can find their entrance, a little peppermint oil will create an invisible barrier to them. Likewise, orange oil can be used as well. There are a variety of products whose active ingredient is orange oil or peppermint. These can provide a natural alternative to other chemicals. Rats: Peppermint is also beneficial for rats, as my understanding is that they are allergic to peppermint; therefore, they do make efforts to avoid the oil, leaves and plants. We plant peppermint around our air conditioner where rats like to make nests. This can also save on expensive repairs, as rats like to chew on the wires of air conditioning systems. One can also make sprays or purchase sprays that are based on peppermint oil to keep rats away as well. But with planting the plants, one can also pick the leaves, dry them and make their own teas. Fleas: Lavender oil does repel fleas to a degree. There are a variety of soaps and products that contain lavender oil that can aid in this process. Mosquitoes: Lavender oil does repel mosquitoes as well as the popular citronella oil that is commonly used in mosquito candles. Bay Leaves are a natural repellent to a variety of bugs and creepy crawlies, a few bay leaves placed in cabinets and the pantry can reduce the number of insects visit the local store-so to speak. As one can see, there are a variety of natural products that can help in pest control. We are literally just scratching the surface as this is a deep and rich system of study within its own right. It is my hope that this will inspire the reader to dig deeper into this fascinating world. Dayamata Shakti Prem is even working on making natural cleansers that are based on orange peels and do not leave harmful chemicals or residue within the home. This is a growing and exciting area of study within the world as well. Pesticide usage source: 1991 edition of the Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Deepen ones knowledge and bathe within the Vedic light with our Ebooks. Many of Yogi Baba Prem s books are now available in the electronic format. You can read them on your computer, phone, tablet or other device. Anything that can read a PDF file can read our Ebooks. This summer allow yourself to bath in knowledge and deeper insight into spirituality. Order your copy at: www.vedicpath.com
I found myself asking why the very word ritual carries such a negative connotation within certain parts of the world. Rituals have been a part of humanity since the beginning of time. As a Native American rituals are at the very heart of our culture, and as a result I have come to embrace and develop a deep respect and understanding for other cultures and their beautiful spiritual ceremonies. Through my studies with Vamadeva of the American Institute of Vedic Studies and Yogi Baba Prem of Universal Yoga, I was introduced to traditional Vedic rituals through the various mediums; offerings to nature, visualizing a sacred image, meditating on a picture or statue of a deity, storytelling, japa, homas, pujas, and yajnas. As I deepened my knowledge of Vedic rituals, I began to identify with the Hindus as they believe that every aspect of life is sacred as do we of the Native American culture. As an Ayurvedic and Yoga Rituals and Their Sacred Inner Truth By Meruputri Meruputri has studied with Yogi Baba Prem for many years and is certified in Ayurveda, Aromatherapy and Vedic Astrology as well. practitioner, Vedic rituals have become an important aid to my spiritual practice and my journey toward Self- Realization. Also, Rituals need to be cultivated through our spiritual practice as they provide such a rich and meaningful way to deal with our subtle environment. through my personal and daily ritualistic practices of Yoga and Ayurveda, I have experienced both physical and mental healing. These therapeutic rituals have become a rite of passage to my true Self not as a separate manifestation of the universe but as an integral part of the Eternal Oneness. Rituals need to be cultivated through our spiritual practice as they provide such a rich and meaningful way to deal with our subtle environment. Rituals also play a vital role in helping us purify, clear and protect our psychic environment. Rituals aid us in standing firm in the seat of the witness so that we are able to release the hold that the habitual mind has on us. As I continue on my spiritual quest of Self, each day brings me a little closer to realizing the sacred inner truth encoded within the Vedas from what is beyond time, space and karma. How the Vedas contain a sacred vibrational language to transform and shape the environment of our lives; and how their mystical energies are brought to life through the ritualistic telling of their stories. Through our experience of these sacred rituals and meditation practices we are connecting to our higher source. And in time we become illuminated by higher realms of pure consciousness in piercing the veil of illusion and through this process we realize our true Self. More importantly, I have realized that life itself is a ritual and any action that we do repetitively becomes a ritual, so one s daily actions need to begin with sacred awareness, as rituals not performed with devotion through the spiritual heart, can be drawn toward external worldly forces keeping one immersed in the illusion of separateness and identified with the ahamkara- the false sense of Self.. WATER It must be pure. Within the great Ayurvedic tradition, it was taught that poor quality water could lead to the downfall of societies. We see this in the Roman empire, as their wine was contaminated with lead. Currently, the developed world is seeing an assault on pure water. As nature is struggling with filtering the powerful chemicals we are putting into the earth. Pure, clean water is essential to health and spirituality. It is essential to our ability to carry prana (lifeforce energy) within our body. It is possible to increase the prana within water using various techniques. This is especially important for water that has been purified using reverse osmosis, as Ayurveda considers it devitalized.
Vedic Consecration to the Spiritual Heart By Pandit Vamadeva Shastri NEW ONLINE VIDEOS Pandit Vamadeva Shastri examines an important mantra from the Yajur Vedas. His website is www.vedanet.com Yogi Baba Prem highly recommends his Ayurveda and Vedic Astrology home study programs. If you wish to learn this mantra, we have videos to teach you. Vedic Yoga and the Spiritual Heart The heart (hridaya) is the seat of the Self or Atman in Vedantic thought. Realization of the Self in the heart is the main Vedantic formulation of Moksha or liberation. The Upanishads laud the Self in the heart in many verses and make it the object of many vidyas(ways of knowledge). So do many other Vedantic texts up to modern times. When we refer to ourselves we point to the heart. Compared to the heart, the mind is just our computer system where we hold our information, not our real consciousness or self-identity. Yet the heart is not just the seat of the Self; as such, it is also the source of all the main aspects and faculties of our entire nature as embodied souls. It is the seat of the mind (chitta) as the Yoga Sutras indicate. By this is meant not the outer mind but the inner, core or source mind, the source of all our karmas and samskaras. The heart is similarly the source of Prana or our life energy, the force that animates our various bodies from birth to birth, not merely as the breath but as the power behind all that we can do or think. The heart is also the ultimate source of speech and when we speak truly we speak from the heart. The heart is the source of our entire being. All our different faculties are like different rays branching out from the central light of the heart which is like the Sun. All our energies are conduits of the energy of the heart, however far they may wander from it. In deep sleep we return to this inner light for peace and renewal, showing that we cannot remain apart from it even for a day. Yet the heart is not just the source of our individual existence (Atman). It is also our place of unity and connection with the cosmic existence (Brahman). It spreads not just through our entire individual beingness but throughout the entire universe. In the heart resides our main connection with the Devatas, the great cosmic powers, the Gods and Goddesses which rule the universe, its evolution and its different planes of existence. Each one of our individual faculties arising from the heart has its corresponding cosmic Deva ruling a corresponding power of nature and the greater universe. The sun, the moon, the stars, the earth and all aspects of the cosmic creative force dwell within the heart. This heart or hridaya is obviously not the mere physical organ. Nor is it simply the heart center, the anahata chakra of the subtle body, though it is closely related to it. This heart is the core of our being, which is the core of Being itself. The heart is where we experience our own self-being and through it contact the nature of all things. This hridaya could be better called the spiritual heart in distinction to the physical and subtle heart center. The following is a beautiful prayer of consecration to heart from the Krishna Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Brahmana). It is still commonly chanted in ashrams and temples today, though not everyone contemplates its true meaning. It is often included in the greater Rudram chant sacred to Lord Shiva. It consists of a consecration of all of our faculties, along with their cosmic counterparts, into the heart and the Supreme Being within that. In this way, this heart prayer reconstructs the Cosmic Person (Purusha), the universal Self that is our true Being and is the Brahman, the being of the entire universe. Only when we place the cosmic powers into our individual faculties can we return them to our true heart that is universal. We are please to announce that several online lectures from previous years are now available online for student s. You can watch important lectures with Yogi Baba Prem at your convenience from home with no travel and at a time that is best for your schedule. Our first program is the popular chakra series that focused on chakras 1-4. This program goes beyond books and explores some of the deeper teachings in regard to chakras. You can try one video or sign up for all four. We have also made available Yogi Baba Prem s important lecture on the Mantra to the Sacred Thumb. This program provides powerful insight into this important mantra and teaches one how to chant this important mantra for spiritual growth and realization. For more information on these exciting programs, visit: http://vedicpath.com/products/ StudyOnline.html Such a consecration in the heart is true Pratyahara in the Yogic sense, withdrawing all our faculties
The Spiritual Heart! Continued. NEW BOOK RELEASED AS AN EBOOK for the highest meditation. It is the reintegration of our scattered energy and attention into the Supreme Self, which is the supreme Yoga, the Yoga of the spiritual heart. It can be performed as preliminary to or along with Self-inquiry in order to make it more effective. It can be done along with any other Yoga practices as well. I have added a short commentary to make this ancient Vedic prayer more relevant to the modern reader who may not understand the underlying Vedic concepts. 1. May fire (Agni) be placed in my speech (Vak), my speech in the heart (hridaya), the heart in me (mayi), the I (aham) in the immortal (amritam), the immortal in Brahman. By Agni or Fire is here meant the Divine light hidden in matter, the way fire is hidden in wood. Through this hidden light of the immanent Divine alone are we able to articulate ourselves, bringing the light of the Self into our activities through the power of speech. 2. May the Wind (Vayu) be placed in my breath (Prana), my breath in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. By Vayu or Wind is meant the Divine energy that operates in the universe on all levels of matter, life and mind. Through this Divine cosmic energy alone all action occurs and our own Prana is able to function, giving us life and capacity on all levels. Yogi Baba Prem s Ebooks We are about to offer Yogic Secrets of the Vedas as an Ebook. This book should be available within a few days. To order your copy, visit: http://vedicpath.com/ products/books.html 3. May the Sun be placed in my eye, my eye in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. By Surya or the Sun is meant the Divine light that illumines the world, which inwardly is the light of consciousness through which the eye functions and the mind perceives 4. May the Moon be placed in my mind, my mind in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. By the Chandra or the Moon is meant the reflective power of the Divine light and awareness to feel and to understand, which is the basis of our emotional nature. 5. May the Directions be placed in my hearing, my hearing in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. The directions of space reflect the Divine presence that envelopes and comprehends everything. Through these powers of space through we can hear, listen and know and become one with the cosmic space that is the space within us. 6. May the Waters placed in my generative fluid, my generative fluid in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. The cosmic Waters are the creative powers in the universe, the Divine Mothers through which all creativity occurs down to the level of procreation. When we link our creative powers with those of the heart, we are reborn through the heart, into immortality, entering into the cosmic waters of consciousness.
The Spiritual Heart! Continued. VASTU 7. May the Earth be placed in my body, my body in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. The entire Earth is our real body, of which our physical body is but a representative. This essence of the body dwells in the heart. It is created out of the heart s desire for embodied existence and lasts as long as this desire continues. By returning the desire for the body into the heart, we can experience the entire universe as our own greater body. 8. May herbs and trees be placed in my hair, my hair in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. All of nature is part of our greater or cosmic body, as we are all the Purusha or Cosmic Person in various forms. By placing all aspects of nature in our heart, which is their true home, we can experience all of nature as ourselves. 9. May Indra be placed in my strength, my strength in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. Vastu is the Vedic teachings pertaining to placement of objects within the home, as well as the harmonious design and location of buildings, streets and even temples. There is a focus on harmonious placement and balance within the home. In an upcoming issue, we will offer more on Vastu. Indra is the Lord of Power or Shakti, who rules over the universe both externally and internally, as the master force behind all energies and actions. Our true strength, which is that of the heart, is only that of Indra. When we know this, we have the strength of Indra, we gain the universal power! 10. May the Rain God (Parjanya) be placed in my head, my head in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. Parjanya here is the deity of the brain marrow, the subtle fluid or Soma that exists in the head. Placing this creative force of the sky in our heads, we can experience the rain of bliss. 11. May Shiva be placed in my spirit, my spirit in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. Shiva here is Ishana, a Vedic form of Shiva, as the supreme power behind the universe. His spirit or manyu is his energetic spirit, his will-power that directs all things. Placing that Divine will in us, our natural motivation must take us to the Supreme. 12. May my self be placed in the Self, the Self in the heart, the heart in me, the I in the immortal, the immortal in Brahman. All these consecrations are different forms of placing the Self into the Self, merging the powers of the universal Self into the individual Self, into the heart, into the I, into the immortal, and finally into Brahman, the Absolute. All life really consists of such offerings of the Self to the Self, Brahman to Brahman, God to God. 13. May my Self return again. May my life (Ayur) return again. May my Prana return again. May my will return again.
The Spiritual Heart! Continued.. As long as we are caught in the ego-self, we don t really have a Self. Our self is another, an object, an image, a worldly appearance or a bodily form. When we offer all aspects of our nature into the heart, we return to our true Self that is everyone and no one. Similarly, as long as we are caught in the ego or worldly life, we don t have a real life. We are ruled by Death, desire and compulsion. Only when we contact the universal life in the heart can we be said to be truly alive and to gain our true term of existence, which is immortal. Then all things and all creatures are our life! How much more wonderful this is than merely being trapped in a personal life that is of little interest to anyone but ourselves. Through this mergence in the heart we gain the highest Prana, which is not just the power of the breath, but the universal vitality and energy. Then our true will, which is for the good of all, natrually returns. Our lives become an offering of joy to joy. 14. May the Universal God (Vaishvanara) increasing with his rays dwell within me as the guardian of immortality. Agni Vaishvanara or the Universal God is the Vedic symbol for the Supreme Self and liberated soul according to great modern Rishis like Ganapati Muni and Kapali Shastri. All our individual faculties and all their corresponding cosmic powers are portions of his being, which also transcends them. The Vedic sacrificial journey takes us from the lower form of Agni or fire, which is speech, to the highest form, Vaishvanara, the universal being, the Supreme Self identified with the Sun or the supreme light, Vishnu himself. A related teaching about Agni Vaishvanara occurs in the Chandogya Upanishad. Notes: Each of our individual faculties (those of the individual Self or Jivatman) has its cosmic counterpart or correlation with the Universal Being (those of the Supreme Self or Paramatman). Those listed here are the typical Vedic correspondences starting with our five main faculties of speech, breath, eye, mind and ear and their cosmic counterparts of Fire, Wind, Sun, Moon and the Directions of Space. These are the five main faculties of the subtle body or linga sharira. They represent not only the outer organs but their inner essences our inner speech, inner breath, inner sight, inner mind and inner hearing. Our outer faculties are merely manifestations of these inner powers that are inherent in the soul or Jiva. These five are the five main factors of the internal Vedic sacrifice (Antaryaga) which is the Yoga offering. Ganapati Muni created new modern yogic sacrifice using Vedic verses relative to these five factors called Indra-Yajna. When Bhagavan Ramana achieved his Self-realization as a mere lad of sixteen, he first simulated the death experience and merged all of his attention and vitality into the heart. This Vedic prayer provides a good method for doing this. It outlines the process of Self-inquiry, not only through the mind, but through all of our faculties. All of our energies have their root in the heart, even the core energy of the body itself. To really practice Self-inquiry is to practice it in such a complete, integral and holistic manner, not simply to repeat the question Who am I mentally. Yet it is not necessary to follow the details of this prayer in one s meditation. What is important is to learn to merge our speech, breath, mind, eye, ear and other faculties into the heart, along with their cosmic counterparts. Whatever we trace to its origins takes us back to the heart, whether it is the thought-current, the breath-current, the current of speech, the current of attention through listening (the ears), or the place of focus of perception (through the eye). This return to the heart is the return to our true origin and to the Self. It is our real journey home to immortality where our True Being ever abides. This Hridaya-Vidya, expressed in this manner, can be used to combine and fulfill all other yogic approaches and all of our spiritual striving.
Bhagavan Mantra May 22nd 7:00 pm (GMT -5:00) to 7:30 pm If you have not read about "Bhagavan" we recommend reading Yogi Baba Prems article on this important term. In this program, you will learn the basic Bhagavan mantra and mudra to be used in chanting the mantra. Investment: $15.00 Secrets of the Vedas part 1 June 6th, 7:00 pm (GMT -5:00) to 7:30 pm This program is the first time that Yogi Baba Prem will discuss and provide new information based on his book Yogic Secrets of the Vedas. This program will build upon the information in his popular book. Note: That only student's that have read the book may attend this program, as information already in the book will not be covered. Learn new mantras based on the information in the book and new insight into the deities covered in the book. This live lecture will be recorded, so if you cannot attend live, you can watch the recorded lecture. Investment: $15.00 Special Event with Yogi Baba Prem in Canada June 9th Upcoming Online Events. For the latest information on workshops visit www.vedicpath.com 3:30 pm (-7:00 GMT) Acu-Harmony and Health, 4805 52 Avenue, Stony Plain, AB Join Yogi Baba Prem for a special lecture online for Canada. This program will explore how to apply the technology of yoga within ones life on a variety of different levels. Learn how to take yoga off of the mat and into all areas of your life. He will focus on specific issues relative to Canada in this exciting program. A portion of this programs ticket sales will go to support The Healing Seed. An important organization that supports and assists those struggling in the world. Tickets: $35.00 Register at Acu-Harmony and Health 780.963.1297 lacie@harmonyhealthalberta.ca Starting Meditation. June 13th 7:00 pm (GMT -5:00) to 8:00 pm This program is designed for individuals that want to learn how to set up a meditation area, what are realistic and unrealistic expectations. Learn the difference between meditation and hallucination. The goals of meditation and much more. This is a rare opportunity to study and learn from someone highly skilled in meditation. Included will be some tools to accelerate ones meditative practice. This program is excellent for beginners or those struggling with meditation. Investment: $20.00 Babaji's Solstice Solar Technique June 20th, 7:00 pm (GMT -5:00) to 8:00 pm It is quite rare that Yogi Baba Prem will teach techniques that he has learned directly from Babaji. This event is one of those times. In this program you will learn simple and very effective techniques to recharge your body and spirit, purification of the heart, and how to connect with the Babaji's Vedic lineage. This is a rare opportunity to connect and strengthen connections with a lineage that is quite old and one of the most frequent questions that Yogi Baba Prem receives. Investment: $30.00 The God Series 2 June 25th, 7:00 pm (GMT -5:00) to 8:00 pm This is the second lecture in the remarkable series entitled the God Series. In the first program, we explored humanity's project upon Divinity. Now Yogi Baba Prem will expand upon this and offer new insight into the perception of Divinity and our relationship with Divinity. Attendance at the first program is NOT required to attend this program, as each program is independent. Join us on a mystical exploration throughout the cosmos as we explore our relationship with Divinity. Investment: $30.00
During the winter months, it is Within the Vedic traditions, understanding ones karmas is an important area of study. It is important for all students of spirituality. A powerful tool for understanding ones karmas can be as simple as looking at cycles that repeat over and over within ones life. For those that wish to understand these cycles more deeply, understanding their Vedic Jyotish: Vedic Astrology Vedic astrology is an important part of living a yogic lifestyle. astrological chart is quite important. As the stars and heavens are a snapshot of the karmic energies and their flow at your birth. This snapshot can provide powerful insight into the lessons, opportunities and challenges that may try and manifest within ones life. Our fate and destiny are written in the stars. But one of the most powerful tools are mapping strategies to try and modify these karmas, after all, this is the reason we incarnate in the first place. Many students do not realize that this requires going beyond the initial chart. astrological reading; in fact it can take several readings to cover the basics of ones If spirituality is important to you, then at some point one should explore the astrological information from the Vedic tradition. ASTROLOGY: Fundamentals are important to yoga. The Vedic chart provides important insight into one s karmas and lessons in this lifetime. It can be used as a map and to create strategies to address ones lessons and karmas. Contact us today for information: universalyoga@cfl.rr.com Light of Yoga is a bimonthly publication provided by The Universal Yoga Inc. www.vedicpath.com Yogi Baba Prem, Founder and Director. All articles are the opinions of the author and not necessarily those of the Universal Yoga or its editors. This publication is to share the teachings of Yogi Baba Prem and the greater tradition of Vedic Yoga. No information in this newsletter is intended to diagnose or suggest treatment for any illness. Consult with your doctor before beginning anything discussed in this newsletter. This newsletter is for educational purposes only pertaining to Vedic tradition. Not all programs are affiliated with Universal Yoga or endorsed by Universal Yoga Inc. Copyright 2013. All Rights reserved.