1 Name: Form: Year 8 History Revision Workbook
2 Contents In this workbook you will find information and tasks for each of the units we have studied this year in History. Not all the information you need to answer the questions will be in this workbook, you should also use your own knowledge and information from your exercise books to help you complete the tasks. Each section will also have an introduction page which you can use to track your revision. Unit 1: Should Britain accept more migrants? p. 3 Unit 2: Why did England stop speaking English? p. 17 Unit 3: When did England become Protestant? P.21 Unit 3: How did the Monarchy lose its power? P.32
3 Year 8 Unit 1: Should Britain accept more migrants? What I need to know I m unsure about this I m quite confident about this I m very confident about this The key examples of migration to Britain throughout History The key features of each example of migration to Britain throughout History The positive and negative features of each example of migration to Britain throughout History If you have ticked anything in this column you need to read the information in this book, as well as in your exercise book, and complete the tasks in this booklet. If you have ticked anything in this column you need to read the information in more detail, finding the information you are unsure of. Check you have completed all tasks in detail. If you have ticked anything in this column you need to move on and focus on topics you find more challenging.
4 Life in Roman Britain I was a young boy when the Romans invaded Britain in 43AD. Some people rebelled against Roman rule. Queen Boudicca was quite successful, she fought the Romans and even destroyed the Roman town of Colchester. However, the Romans then defeated her in battle. A Roman named Tacitus claimed that 80,000 Britons were killed whilst only 400 Romans died. Tacitus likes to write things down in a language called Latin. Before the Romans came, no one in Britain used to write things down or know how to read. Now some important people like myself have been educated by the Romans and can read and write in Latin! Other things have changed to. I now live in a place called a town with a lots of stone buildings. Before the Romans came we used to live in much smaller communities. We did not have many of the buildings the Romans have now built. In the middle of the town is the forum, like a big market square, where people come to trade and sell their goods. I came across a stall selling some really unusual fruit and vegetables the other day. The stall owner said they had been brought over from another part of the Roman empire so I bought some to try (I am still getting used to paying with coins). The carrots were delicious, the pears were juicy, but I didn t like the peas. We also have an amphitheatre in town where plays and pantomimes are performed. I prefer the new public baths, though. Most people who live in town go once a day and clean all the dirt and grime off. Us Britons certainly didn t use to be so clean! The Romans have even introduced sewers in the towns to take all the human waste away from where we live. It definitely smells much better. All the towns are now connected by roads as well. They are not like the old mud paths either. They are paved, well-built and most of them are incredibly straight. They help the Roman troops to get round much more quickly and have improved trade as it is easier to move goods from one place to another. Life hasn t changed for everyone, though. Many Britons still live in the countryside in small communities Challenge: 1. Read the story and highlight all the things that the Romans brought to Britain. 2. Highlight 1 bad thing about the Romans migrating to Britain. 3. Decide which 3 things the Romans brought to Britain improved the country the most and write them in your book.
5 Bright were the forts, many the bath houses, High the many towers, great the noise of men, Many the beer halls full of the joys of men. Mighty fate destroyed them, Days of disease came. Death swept away their bravery, Their forts were deserted, the city fell to ruin. The crowds who might have built it again lay dead on the earth. That is why courtyards rot and lofty gates fall, And the wood on the roofs is stripped of tiles Task: 1. Highlight the words that describe what happened to Roman buildings 2. Highlight the words that describe what happened to the people 3. What does this suggest about the Angles, Saxons and Jutes? 4. Write a title for the poem
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7 The most important weapon in Anglo-Saxon times was the sword, which was often passed down from father to son. Warriors were buried with their swords beside them. This one was made by a master-craftsman, and has a pommel covered in gold and garnets
8 Most Anglo-Saxon men wore a belt fastened with a buckle round their waist, but none of them had one this magnificent. It is made of gold, and is very heavy. It opens and closes on a hinge, which is carefully hidden and is locked in a very complicated way.
9 The helmet comprised an iron cap, neck guard, cheek pieces and face mask. Its form derives from Late Roman cavalry helmets. The helmet s surfaces were covered with tinned copper alloy panels that gave it a bright, silvery appearance. Many of these panels were decorated with interlacing animal ornament ( Style II ) and heroic scenes of warriors. One scene shows two men wearing horned head-gear, holding swords and spears. The other shows a mounted warrior trampling a fallen enemy, who in turn stabs the horse. The rider carries a spear which is supported by a curious small figure, standing on the rump of his horse perhaps a supernatural helper. Similar scenes were popular in the Germanic world at this time. The face-mask is the helmet s most remarkable feature. It works as a visual puzzle, with two possible solutions. The first is of a human face, comprising eye-sockets, eyebrows, moustache, mouth and a nose with two small holes so that the wearer could breathe. The copper alloy eyebrows are inlaid with silver wire and tiny garnets. Each ends in a gilded boar s head a symbol of strength and courage appropriate for a warrior. The second solution is of a bird or dragon flying upwards. Its tail is formed by the moustache, its body by the nose, and its wings by the eyebrows. Its head extends from between the wings, and lays nose-to-nose with another animal head at the end of a low iron crest that runs over the helmet s cap.
10 These two clasps may have fastened leather armour at the shoulder. They have a clever design: the two halves are put together, then the gold pin slides though them both, locking them together very strongly. The clasps are beautifully decorated in a special way called garnet cloisonné. Thin strips of gold were formed into cells, and red garnets with gold foil underneath were placed into them. It took huge skill and patience to do this. The ends of the clasps have boars on them. Boars meant strength to the Anglo-Saxons.
2. Match up the information cards with a topic card. Tasks: 1. Read the cards Superstar Task: Which people in England did things change for? How much did the Normans change England? 11 Continuity Change
my life easier. The fastest way to travel was still on horseback if you re rich! I have to make do with walking and using oxen to pull my plough. What about all the places they have destroyed and the people they ve killed? They ve forced people to leave their homes so they can make their new forests. cathedrals. King William gave a lot of money to churches. This allows us to worship God and provides work for English people. not changed at all since the Normans came. We still live in the same houses and wear the same clothes. The Normans haven t changed what I eat. and pay the same taxes. They haven t changed the way the country is governed but it s harder to get away with things. They have been counting all of how we farm the land. I need to plough my land whether my lord is Norman or Saxon. We still depend on the harvest to have enough to eat. longer hunt for meat. These new Norman forest laws say only the King and his lords are allowed to hunt deer and other animals. If you are caught hunting they cut 1066. They just build them to intimidate us and they knock down people s homes to build their castles. speaking differently. They call their sons William, Robert and Henry. They say they prefer these new French names to our old Saxon names like Ethelred. G) They are rebuilding our D) The Normans are ruthless. 12 A) These Normans haven t made B) Most things in the village have E) We still use the same coins H) The Normans haven t changed C) The Normans say we can no F) There were no castles before I) Some people have begun
1) Cathedrals. 4) Transport. 7) Destruction. 2) Language. 5) Castles. Je suis le Roi!??? 8) Laws and punishments. 3) Home life. 6) Farming. 9) Government. 13
The story of the Huguenots 14 The Huguenots originally lived in France. They were Christians, but worshipped in a different way to most people in France. They were known as Protestants, whereas most people in France were Catholics. Huguenots were often tortured in France In 1685 the King of France banned the Protestant religion and ordered everyone to become Catholic. Around 500,000 Huguenots refused to change their religion and fled the country. Huguenots fled to many countries, but England was the most popular destination, it is believed around 50,000 made the trip to England. Initially many people didn t want The Huguenots were welcomed into Britain Huguenots in their areas as they felt they might take their jobs. The Huguenots settled in communities all over England and began to set up businesses. Amongst the refugees were people who could weave silk into clothing. They helped transform the English silk-weaving industry, opening many new mills and creating thousands of new jobs. The Huguenots were also important it setting up England s banking system. One Huguenot, Henri De Portal, printed all of the paper money in England. This made trade much easier. Other Huguenot s helped set up the Bank of England. This made Britain much richer by increasing trade.
15 What happened to Poland at the start of World War Two? key Nazi Germany The Soviet Union (USSR) Why did Polish soldiers and civilians end up in Britain? 1. Who invaded Poland in 1939? (Two countries) Poland was invaded by and. 2. Some Polish people, especially soldiers, escaped to France. Why could they not safely stay there? Polish people could not safely stay in France because.. 3. Why did Polish people end up in Britain during WWII?
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17 Year 8 Unit 2: Why did England stop speaking English? What I need to know I m unsure about this I m quite confident about this I m very confident about this The key events that shaped the English language The key features of each of the events we have studied. A judgement on which event came closest to wiping out the English lan-
18 The adventure of Old English 1. Viking Invasion. By 870 the Vikings had defeated the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of East Anglia, Northumbria, and Mercia. Only Wessex was left. The Vikings spoke Old Norse and destroyed many books written in old-english. 2. Alfred becomes king -Standing in the way of the Vikings was Alfred, the young Anglo-Saxon king. However, he and his army were badly defeated in 877 and he was forced to hide in a small corner of the marshes in Somerset. It seemed that the Vikings had almost conquered the Anglo-Saxons. It looked like Old English might be completely wiped out. 3. The Battle of Edington In 878 AD, Alfred gathered what was left of his forces and defeated the Vikings in the Battle of Edington. They made peace and the Vikings retreated back to East-Anglia. The Anglo-Saxons were not finished yet, and they carried on speaking Old English. A white horse was carved into the hill the battle took place on to 1. celebrate the Anglo-Saxon Victory. 2. The Danelaw In 884 AD Alfred made an agreement saying that England would be divided into two zones; the south and west, where Saxon law would apply, and the north and east, where Danish law ruled. This second territory became known as the Danelaw. The only time people were allowed to cross this line was to trade. The Dane s started speaking Old English in order to trade with the Anglo-Saxons. 3. Alfred's Legacy In 890 AD Alfred ordered the history of England to be recorded in the Anglo-Saxon chronicles (a timeline recording key events). The chronicles were written in Old-English. He also built schools and encouraged people to learn to read and write. He is said to have personally translated several books from Latin into the Anglo-Saxon tongue (Old English). An untraceable myth has it that he established the first university at Oxford.
19 Did England stop speaking English because of the Norman Invasion? King and Court: When King William was crowned King on Christmas day in 1066 he spoke in French for the entire ceremony. No King would speak English when being crowned for the next 300 years. Very few Kings for the next 300 years even knew how to speak English. French became the official language of the English court. Nobles and Knights: The Domesday book tells us that just twenty years after the Battle of Hastings land ownership in England had changed dramatically. 25% of the country was owned by just 11 men, such as Geoffrey de Mandeville. Not one of them could speak English. Norman Nobles had replaced Anglo-Saxons nobles all over the country. The few Anglo-Saxon nobles who survived the conquest owned only 3% of the land. If Anglo-Saxons wanted to do well in Norman England they had to start speaking French. The Knights were all Normans as well. Most Anglo-Saxon warriors had been killed at the Battle of Hastings or during rebellions. Important Documents: Important documents such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles had previously been written in Old English. However, the monks who had been writing the Anglo-Saxon chronicles stopped in 1154. Important documents were either written in French or Latin, the language of the church. The Domesday book, which recorded how much land everyone in England owned, was written entirely in Latin. Did England stop speaking English because of the Norman Invasion?
Sheep Cow Battle Army Archer Soldier Bacon William Field Ox Crown Sausage Authority Throne Pork Task: Match the words to each level of society 20
21 Year 8 Unit 3: When did England become Protestant? What I need to know I m unsure about this I m quite confident about this I m very confident about this Identify the Monarchs who changed the church (that we have studied) Explain what happened in each of their reigns. Judge when England actually became a Protestant country.
22 Was everyone happy with the Catholic Church? I am the Pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church. The majority of people in Europe are Roman Catholic Christians. Our religion has stayed almost exactly the same for over a thousand years. There is no need to change it. But what about all the disease and death? God is punishing us because we have been wicked. Part of the problem is that the church is too wealthy. John Wycliffe The church needs to be wealthy in order to decorate our churches with paintings and statues to show God s glory. Our priests also wear expensive, decorative clothing. But the priests are not doing their job properly. They are not helping the people. Hardly anyone can understand what they say during church services because they are all in Latin! Erasmus Priests are special. Only they can communicate with God, so people don't need to understand what they say. They just need to turn up to church. If you really want to be forgiven for your sins you can buy an indulgence and I or one of my Bishops will forgive you. Martin Luther People should not be able to pay to be forgiven for their sins! Only Jesus can forgive people their sins. The Catholic Church is going against God s word! Task 1: Read the conversation between the historical figures. (Answer in your book) 1. Who wanted the church to stay the same? The wanted the Catholic church to stay the same. 2. Who wanted the church to change? People who wanted the church to change included:, and. 3. Why did these people want the church to change? One reason why they wanted the church to change was Another reason why they wanted the church to change was A third reason why they wanted the church to change was Superstar Task: The pope refused to change the church. What do you think Martin Luther did?
Spot the differences between the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches: 23
the articles could be the church. who did not follow supreme head of Christ. Protestants changed his mind, how- been the the flesh and blood of churches. He soon Henry had always at mass actually being placed in all English (It even said that as the wine and bread who said it should be English church instead of the Pope. Catholic beliefs such had him educated by authorised by Henry VIII and be- supported specific son he wanted. Henry The Great Bible was King head of the his father The Act of Six Articles Henry finally had the tion of the Bible published. This made the succeeds 1539:Act of Six Articles. Edward, was born. 1539: English transla- Henry VIII Supremacy 1538: Henry s son, 1534: The Act of 1509: 1509 1533 1534 1536 1538 1539 1547 beautifully decorated monasteries were destroyed, ordi- he had made to the church and demanded the Pope be reinstated as While this meant that the VIII died. take their wealth for himself. They were angry about the changes King Henry dissolving them Henry could of England rebelled against Henry. land in the entire country. By 1547: Over 40,000 Catholics in the North rich and owned about ¼ of the 1536: The Pilgrimage of Grace. The monasteries were very dissolved (closed down). 1539: Large monasteries were Reforms to the church during the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547) (1509 1547) 24
In Henry VIII s reign: In Henry VIII s reign: Continuity Continuity Or Or Change How much change? Change How much change? specific Catholic beliefs In 1500: Churches and monasteries were highly decorated. In 1500: Almost everyone was Catholic and everyone followed In Henry VIII s reign: In Henry VIII s reign: Continuity Continuity Or Or Change Change How much change? How much change? was written in Latin. In 1500: The Pope was head of the church. In 1500: Church Services were conducted in Latin and the Bible How much did Henry VIII change the church? 25
26 Report on the state of the Church in 1547 Dearest King, Below is a report on the current state of the church in England. As you know, your father, Henry VIII, made some changes during his reign. However, as Protestants, there are still some features of the church that go against our beliefs. Now he is dead. I thought you might like to decide whether you are happy with the church as it is or whether you wish to make some more changes. Our beliefs (Protestant): We believe that you, rather than the Pope, should be head of the church; that everyone should be able to understand church services and the Bible; That all churches should be simply decorated; that specific catholic beliefs should be banned; and that all your subjects should also be Protestants. Your task: In order to help make the country more Protestant I need you to: 1. Highlight the features of the church you want to change in green. 2. Highlight the features of the church you agree with in Pink. Report on the church from your advisers. In 1534 Henry VIII passed the Act of Supremacy, making the king head of the church instead of the Pope. Now you are King, you are head of the church. However, in 1536 your father had William Tynedale murdered for translating the Bible into English. Later on though, Henry changed his mind about the Bible and in he 1539 Henry authorised the translation of the Bible into English, but it was only used in Church of England services. All Catholic services were still in Latin. Whilst the Catholic Monasteries were destroyed, almost all ordinary Catholic Churches remained untouched by Henry s reforms. They were still highly decorated. The destruction of the monasteries also showed how most of the population were still loyal to the Catholic church. In 1536 40,000 Catholics rebelled against Henry because of the changes he had made to the Catholic Church. The last big change Henry made to the church was to support the practice of specific catholic beliefs. The Act of Six Articles, 1539, stated that Protestants who didn t practice the beliefs could be executed! Your humble servant and uncle, The Duke of Somerset
27 Source A: Religious policies of Edward VI 1549: Priests were allowed to get married. The Catholic church did not allow priests to marry. 1552: A new Protestant prayer book was introduced for the Church, with services in English, not Latin. The Prayer book laid down all the beliefs of the church. All churches had to use the prayer book. Source B: Accounts from Meldford Church, 1547-1548 Sold to Master Clopton the biggest images in the church for 3s. Sold to Mr Clopton the altar in Our Lady Chapel for 6s 8d Sold to John Dowty some wood and half a crucifix for 8d. 7s 1d paid to Rafe Broom and his lad and Robert-Alefounder and his lad for taking down the images. 1 14s 8d paid to Hohn Kendal for whitewashing of the church. Source C: Changes in the new Prayer Book. The Catholic mass was abolished and replaced with the communion service. Priests no longer wore elaborate vestments that symbolised the Catholic belief that priests had a special link with God. You could no longer buy your way to heaven by giving the church money, a Catholic belief known as buying an indulgence. Source D: Report from Sussex in 1569 It has been suggested that some people have hidden images and other Catholic objects, ready to set up again when the sickly boy king dies. 1.Read each source. 2.Decide whether it suggests that Edward achieved his goal of making the church more Protestant Source A suggests that Edward VI was/was not successful in making England more Protestant. This is because it says that
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Superstar Task: Why is it likely that Mary I would want to make significant changes to the church when she became Queen? VIII and Jayne Seymour. Edward VI: Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn Elizabeth I: Daughter of Henry Catholic Protestant Protestant and Catherine of Aragon. Religion: Religion: Religion: Mary I: Daughter of Henry VIII 1491-1547 Aragon Catherine of Arthur Henry VIII Anne Boleyn Jayne Seymour would have followed. to work out which religion they Use the religion of their Parents 1455-1509 followed. Born-Died: by writing the name of the Individual and which religion they VII York Name: Henry Elizabeth of Complete the Tudor family tree Tudor Family Tree Task: 29
1557: Mary starts to rebuild the small the high altar. the church since 1529. Sudbury for the painting of Repeal gets rid of all laws that have changed 6s 8d paid to a painter of November, 1554: The 2nd Act of any married priests from the church. Melford Church, 1554-1556. 1555 and 1558 Mary had 284 Protestants burned to death. March, 1554: Mary orders Bishops to remove burnt at the stake for refusing to become Catholics. Between Source B: Accounts from Source C Mary I s religious policies Source D: An image showing two Protestant bishops being would be wise not to be too firm against Protestants, otherwise I foresee that the people may cause a revolt others gathered the ashes and the bones and wrapped them in paper to preserve them, others threatened the Catholic bishops. I think it A certain Rogers was burned publicly yesterday. Some of the onlookers wept, others prayed to God to give him strength to bear the pain, being burnt at the Stake in 1555. Source A: A letter sent to Catholic King Phillip of Spain by his Ambassador in London. He wrote this letter after watching the first Protestant Evidence would want to become Catholic again Catholics by persecuting Protestants. Churches to follow Catholic beliefs. 3. Mary tried to change the Catholic church so that people 2. Mary banned Protestant beliefs and ordered 1. Mary tried to force people to become Possible methods of restoring the Catholic Church did, cross if she didn't. 2. Once you have studied the sources decide whether there is any evidence Mary used the three methods at the top of the sheet. Tick if she which method it relates to. 1. Read the three methods that Mary I could have used to restore the Catholic Church. Read each source and label it 1,2 or 3 depending on How did Mary I try to restore the Catholic Church? 30
Priests can marry (but Elizabeth did not really approve of married priests). Priests must not marry. Ministers can marry. Priests should wear bright robes, and churches should have colourful paintings and beautiful music, to show how great God is. Ministers' clothes and churches should be plain, so people can concentrate on God. There should not be any music in the services. Churches must be kept clean and in good repair. They can be decorated. There can be music. Priests should wear special robes. A person is saved by going to church and doing good works. A person is saved by one thing only a personal faith in Jesus Christ. A person is saved by faith, but a person with faith will do good works, because it pleases God. Services and the Bible should be in English, so people can understand Services and the Bible should be in Latin. Services and the Bible should be in English. There should be statues of the saints and the Virgin Mary in church. Saints and the Virgin Mary can take a person's prayers to God. Statues of the saints and the Virgin Mary are as bad as idols. Only Jesus can take a person's prayers to God. A person should not pray to saints. There should be no statues in churches. But the Church can celebrate saints' days. The Pope is Head of the Church. The local ruler should control the Church. The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church in England. Roman Catholics Elizabeth's Middle Way Protestants 31
32 Year 8 Unit 4: How did the Monarchy lose its power? What I need to know I m unsure about this I m quite confident about this I m very confident about this Identify the different Monarchs we have studied and our criteria of power. Describe how power changed during each of their reigns Explain how the Monarchy lost its power.
33 How did William control England? William had killed the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, he now needed to think about how he would rule over his country. He used three main memthods to control the country: The Feudal System Castles The Domesday Book The Feudal System William stated that all the land in England belonged to him. England was too large for him to manage by himself, so he shared out the land with people called Barons. The Barons were people who had helped him invade England. The Barons could then collect taxes from the people and keep law and order. During the reign of William the Conqueror who owned all the land in England? Who did he share some of the land with? Castles Many English people were unhappy about Norman rule. For example 900 of William s soldiers were murdered when they were sent to rule a part of England called Durham. To protect themselves, the barons built castles, initially from wood and earth like the one on the right. What evidence is there that not all the people of England liked William and his control? What did William and his Barons build to try to keep control? Explain how they helped him keep control. The Domesday Book William sent his men to every village in the country. They interviewed people and recorded how much each land people had, and how many animals they had. This meant William knew exactly what he owned and how much he could tax people. What was the Domesday book? How did it help William keep control of his country?
34 The Magna Carta The King had to agree to many important changes. Some of the most important things he agreed to are: How was King John s power limited? Wealth Land Control The King must not interfere with the Church The King cannot collect new taxes unless the barons and bishops agree No freeman can be put in prison without a proper trial with a jury Trials will be held quickly and fairly The king and his men cannot take anyone s goods (including their land) without paying for it Merchants (business people) should be able to buy and sell things without having to pay high taxes 2. Rank the criteria of power in terms of which was the most limited: The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the most was The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the second most was The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the third most was Now complete superstar tasks on the board. 3. In your book, explain your ranking: Use detailed evidence from the terms above to support your decision. Compare the limits on the King s power to help explain why you chose one criteria over the others. The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the most was.this is because This limited the power of the King the most because it meant that... The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the second most was.this is because This limited the power of the King because it meant that However, it did not limit it as much as because... This limited the power of the King the most because it meant that... The criteria of power the Magna Carta limited the third most was this is because This limited the power of the King the most because it meant that However...
How successful was De Montfort s parliament? 35 1.The Parliament reduced the power of the king as he had to talk to people from his country before making decisions. Success or Failure:.. 2.The parliament didn t just involve the rich, important bishops and barons. There were also two knights from each county and two from each large town. Success or Failure:. 3.The King s son launched an attack on De Montfort and defeated him in battle in 1265. De Montfort was killed. Success or Failure:.. 4.When King Henry died his son Edward became king. He didn t dare scrap the parliament, he knew he needed it if he wanted to get any money. 5. Success or Failure:.. 6.The Parliament could now change laws with the Kings permission. Success or Failure:..
people have?. /10 have?. /10 people have?. /10 People power 2: ordinary people How much power do the ordinary How much power do the ordinary people How much power do the ordinary the vote, Cromwell had them shot. right to vote. vote. Some people, the levellers, asked for right to vote. Ordinary people did not have the Ordinary people did not have the right to Ordinary people did not have the How much power does the parliament have?.. /10 have?.. /10 How much power does the parliament How much power does the parliament have?.. /10 eleven years. people s behaviour. So Charles dismissed (sent away) parliament and it didn t meet again for the country. They made strict rules about lowed to dismiss parliament if it disagreed with him. put army leaders, in charge of each area of raise taxes. Charles II was not al- People power 1: parliament Charles I permission to raise taxes. but dismissed it again in 1655. Instead, he In 1629 parliament refused to give parliament in 1653. He recalled it in 1654, needed parliament s permission to Parliament and Cromwell disagreed over religion and elections, so Cromwell dismissed laws the king wanted, and the king king wanted, and the king needed parliament s permission to raise taxes. Parliament had to agree to any new Charles I needed parliament. Parliament had to agree to any new laws the taxes. rule with parliament. Cromwell needed parliament, to agree to any Charles II was forced to agree to have?.. /10 The leader of the Parliament, Oliver Cromwell, was in overall charge of the country. This included commanding the army. He became known as the Protector How much power does the Protector have? /10 have?.. /10 In theory, Charles had unlimited power because it was believed that God had chosen him to rule. ( the Divine Right of Kings ). How much power does the King King/ protector s power How much power does the King powers his father, Charles I, had. by parliament. He was given all the Charles II was invited to become king King Charles I (1625-1649) The Protectorate (1649-60) Lord Protector Cromwell King Charles II (1660-1685) 36
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