Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ISSN 1112-9867 Research Article Special Issue Available online at http://www.jfas.info DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF DIGITAL QURAN BASED ON TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN LEARNING PERFORMANCE N. Anas 1,*, M. I. M. Ariff 2, Z. Mohd. Ghazali 2 and Z. Yaacob 3 1 Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah Campus, Perak, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Computer & Matematical Sciences (FSKM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Perak, Malaysia 3 Academy of Language Studies (APB), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Raub Campus, Pahang, Malaysia Published online: 1 May 2018 ABSTRACT This research has apparently led to the development of digital Quran learning performance model in an interactive environment. This paper aims to expose the concept, significance and proposals for the digital Quran based on technology acceptance in learning performance. In addition, this research also coincides with a major policy of the Malaysian government i.e. NKEA and NKRA which emphasizes education and student s achievement. This is also in line with the main goals of Vision 2020 i.e. to create a society that is ethical and religious, and also a contributing community in the making of technology and human civilization in future. Hence, this intended performance model will be able to produce new learning modules of digital Quran especially for schools and higher learning institutions in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Author Correspondence, e-mail: norazmianas@perak.uitm.edu.my doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v10i6s.182 Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Libraries Resource Directory. We are listed under Research Associations category.
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2392 Keywords: model; digital Quran; technology acceptance; learning performance; Malaysia. 1. INTRODUCTION Quran plays a very important role in Muslim s life, especially in the development of successful national education in particular and in the community development process in general [1]. Traditionally, the common method practiced in learning the Quran is Talaqqi Musyafahah that involves face to face sessions between students and qualified Quran teachers. However, lately it can be observed that there are various Quran applications have been in markets to help whether online or offline readers since the chances to experience face to face learning is rather limited. The applications are developed due to increasing technology of multimedia which resulting the internet users and Quran readers to achieve their learning goals via various sources such as Quran portals and modern gadgets such as iphone and android application [2]. Some examples are: E-Hafiz System [3] Virtual Learning System, known as Miqra'ah specifically designed for blind, illiterate and disabled learners [4] CAPL (Computer Aided Pronunciation Learning) and Noor Al-Quran for non-arab audience [5-6] CAL (Computer Aided Learning) to improve the quality and performance of student s recitation [7] Say Quran is accessible from the Google Play Store [8] Nevertheless, these applications do not provide progress feedback on reading performance even though it is important to improve the Quran recitation in stages [5]. Therefore, the level of Quran reading skills remains at the same level and shows very slight improvement. Meanwhile, previous studies solely focused on the development of Quran applications for specific target groups such as the non-arabs, the disabled, techniques to read the Quran digitally as well as other applications that have been used by today Muslim community without taking into account the effort to nurture the performance of Quran recitation. On this note, the researchers have decided to develop digital Quran learning performance model in an interactive environment on the TAM basis as a new benchmark in reading the Quran among
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2393 Muslim community. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW The internet is an incredible tool that help fulfills communication need and wants and it has aided people in their daily lives. According to the statistics released by Internet World Statistics 2016, the number of internet users worldwide until June 2016 has increased to 3.67 billion. It shows that 50.1% of the world population are internet users and increased eight-fold since 2000. The use of internet has increased 2000% in the Middle East and at least 25% of Muslims are using the internet. In addition, Muslims use the internet for virtual education, Quran recitation and memorization, Quran teaching, trading, banking, social networking, politics and online communication [9-12]. These facts indicate that the internet use and online applications give positive impacts on the Muslim community. Productivity, innovation and quality of the Muslim community are produced as the government itself has adopted the use of e-book since 2009 in formal interactive teaching and learning atmosphere [13] and this fact is supported by [14]. Various Quran applications have been developed to help online and offline readers. According to [15], reciting the Quran appropriately is mandatory as it is one of the religious requirements, especially with Talaqqi and Musyafahah apart from Qiraati and Iqra' methods which have been practiced widely in Malaysia. Quran learning methods today have changed from the conventional to the combination of conventional and modern ICT-based which is generating more positive results on the Muslim community [16]. It is consistent with the view of [17] stating that the use of mobile applications as a new potential learning tool to replace conventional methods that are less attractive and less effective, especially to young Muslim generations. The applications developed with increasing multimedia technology [18] have indicated that the internet users, especially Quran readers can achieve their learning objectives via various sources namely Quran portals as well as modern gadgets such as iphone and android applications [2]. In [3] noted that the development of E-Hafiz system has helped the Muslims in order to recite and memorize the Quranic verses. It is in line with a study done by [19-20] related to ICT and software of the Quran which found that 80% of respondents used the Quran in various
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2394 versions in order to assist them in the process of memorizing the Quranic verses [21]. Moreover, in [6] stated that there are Quran software applications designed for non-arab audience called "Noor Al-Quran for android devices". Therefore, the use of applications for digital Quran is widespread among Muslims worldwide. The findings obtained by [22] found that 32% to 53% of the students surveyed were not sure about rulings and regulations on the use of digital Quran applications on modern gadgets. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is actually a theory of information systems related to usability and user acceptance of technology [23-24] through a number of factors such as Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived ease-of-use (PEOU). PU is defined as the level of confidence in the use of technology that can improve the usage, while PEOU refers to the level of confidence in the use of technology that later enhances convenience among users [25]. The study conducted by [26] who used a meta-analysis of 88 published research and reliable data has found that TAM is a legitimate and robust model for use throughout the world and has the potential to be widely applied in various fields. It is reinforced by the findings of [27], which recognizes that TAM has a positive impact on consumer acceptance of the technology. Fig.1. A conceptual framework of digital Quranic performance model
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2395 3. DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF DIGITAL QURAN BASED ON TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN LEARNING PERFORMANCE: A PROPOSAL 3.1. Research Questions How to analyze the acceptance of Digital Quran? How to explore the types of Quran Digital and it functions? How to develop a new model of Digital Quran in learning performance? 3.2. Objectives To analyze the acceptance of Digital Quran. To explore the types of Digital Quran and it functions. To develop a new model of Digital Quran in learning performance. 3.3. Methodology Preferred study design is quantitative and qualitative data collection, better known as sequential explanatory mixed method. Quantitative methods are associated with numeric data and accuracy [28] while qualitative methods refer to concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphor, symbol and description of something [29]. Specifically, the research design chosen by the researchers is the field research using a structured interview and descriptive research survey of questionnaires. The interview is the best method when a researcher needs to obtain information regarding public perceptions, behavior and understanding [30] and is the primary data for this study as it is based on the facts. According to [31], the primary data is obtained directly from the respondents through interviews, questionnaires, observations as well as experiments. Interview sampling techniques involve purposive sampling that focuses on academicians of public universities and digital Quran application users consisting of university staff and students. Meanwhile, the questionnaires involve cluster sampling of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia. In this study, semesters 1 and 2 diploma programmes are divided into several zones i.e. Northern Zone (NZ), South Zone (SZ), East Zone (EZ), Central Zone (CZ) and Borneo Zone (BZ). Besides, semester 1 and 2 UiTM diploma students are selected for this study due to their needs to take two university courses i.e. CTU101: Basic Principles of Islam and CTU151: Islamic Thought and Civilization which assess student s Quran recitation and memorizing as a course requirement in that particular semester. Purposive
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2396 sampling in this study is a sampling focusing on stakeholders and is often used in most qualitative research. In addition, it is useful in the context of research and policy analysis involving assessment strategies in order to identify the key stakeholders responsible in the designing, giving, receiving or administering a program or service or otherwise evaluated. Currently, a total diploma student in UiTM Malaysia is 63,382 (www.uitm.edu.my). Thus, according to [32], for the purpose of this study, the number of the samples involved i.e. 382 can be divided into the following zones: NZ (Perlis, Kedah and Perak) : 118 people SZ (Johor, Melaka and Negeri Sembilan) : 107 people EZ (Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang) : 76 people CZ (Selangor) : 24 people BZ (Sabah and Sarawak) : 57 people The use of certain computer software to analyze the data received is more popular these days compared to other manual methods. For instance, Atlas.ti7 software will be used for qualitative data analysis in this study. According to [33, 31], the most frequently used software in the field of education to analyze descriptive data is IBM SPSS (Stastistical Package for the Social Sciences). Therefore, the researchers use the computer software of IBM SPSS version 21.0 for descriptive data analysis in this study. In [28] claims that descriptive statistics are used to describe the characteristics of variable using indicators such as mean, standard deviation, median, mode, normal distribution and Z scores. Apart from that, the questionnaire is one of the main instruments in this study. The researchers should ensure that the questionnaires are able to meet the criteria required in order to achieve the objectives set earlier successfully. Therefore, the test should be performed on the questionnaire to a sample of the previous study. According to [34, 31, 28], the test known as pilot testing is necessary to ensure that the questionnaire has no shortcomings. If there are deficiencies in the questionnaire, then the researchers have to make improvements based on feedbacks of the respondents. Basically, the sample size of this pilot test is approximately 5 to 10% of the actual sample [34]. A pilot study of the questionnaire will be administered to diploma students of semesters 1 and 2 at UiTM Tapah, Perak Branch Campus involving 20 to 30 people due to its close location to the researchers workplace. Finally, SEM (Structural Equation Modelling)
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2397 using AMOS will be utilized to establish a model that has been proposed earlier. Fig.2. The development process of digital Quranic performance 3.4. Impact on Society, Economy and Nation The study which is multidisciplinary involves the use of technology in learning the fundamentals of Islam i.e. the Quran. It is seen to coincide with a major policy of the Malaysian government i.e. NKEA and NKRA, which emphasizes education and student s achievement as well as the main goal of Vision 2020 in effort to create a society that is ethical and religious. Thus, the study to be conducted indirectly will be able to contribute to the body of knowledge integrating the two major fields i.e. technology and Islamic education. In line with the government's commitment 'People First', Malaysia has implemented twelve National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) and 6 core areas of the National Key Result Area (NKRA) respectively. Under the segment of NKEA, education is an area given serious emphasis while NKRA emphasizes on improving student outcomes that are placed under the Ministry of Education, Malaysia (www.kpwkm.gov.my). Hence, 2 key targets are formulated by the year 2020 i.e. the Gross National Income (GNI) to reach RM60.7 billion and 2,143 jobs be created. For this purpose, education segment under NKEA focuses on 4 priorities (www.etp.pemandu.gov.my) namely (i) Early childhood care and education (ECCE), (ii) Basic education (primary and secondary), (iii) Technical education and vocational training (TEVT) and (iv) Higher learning (local and international). It is adjacent to 2 main objectives of Vision 2020 [35] namely (i) Establishing an ethical society, whose citizens are religiously and spiritually strong supported by the highest positive
N. Anas et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 2391-2401 2398 values and (ii) Creating a scientific and progressive society, a society that is innovative and forward-looking that is not only a consumer but also a contributor to future science and technology. Therefore, the development of digital Quran learning model in an interactive environment is seen capable to produce a high value society with the use of technology. This is undoubtedly in line with the objectives of the NKEA, NKRA and Vision 2020 heading towards a developed nation by 2020. 4. CONCLUSION The digital Quran learning performance model acts as a basis in evaluating the effectiveness of using modern gadgets. This later will enhance the development and use of such applications which is in line with the advancement and interactive environment of technology. In addition, it can also be a performance benchmark in Quran pedagogical approaches, particularly in schools and higher learning institutions. Therefore, the researchers have planned to develop digital Quran learning modules for schools and universities with collaboration of Religious Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia in order to strengthen the performance and evaluation of Quran learning through counseling and consultation sessions, advocacy, conventions, seminars, courses, workshops, lectures, publications of modules and journals, monitoring and training programmes. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACIS and FSKM, UiTM Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Perak. APB, UiTM Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Pahang. 6. REFERENCES [1] Puji T I, Noor A Y, Sabaruddin S N. Efforts to elevate Al-Quran study among the visually impaired group in Malaysia: Challenges and proposals. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 6(6):419-424 [2] Adhoni Z A, Siddiqi A A. A programming approach for the digital Quran applications. International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 2013, 13(5):26-35 [3] Muhammad A, ul Qayyum Z, Tanveer S, Martinez-Enriquez A, Syed AZ. E-hafiz:
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