World History Student s Study Guide

Course Description: World History Student s Study Guide World History is based on prior knowledge of ancient history to the Industrial Revolution. Historical data prior to the 1750 time period may be reviewed. Europe, Asia, and Africa are the continents of focus, with connections being made to the Western hemisphere. Skill development will include, but is not limited to, the interpretation of maps, graphs, charts, political cartoons, primary documents, and other social studies tools. The avenues for these concepts are developed through the social studies strands. For the successful completion of World History, students will be able to: 1. Explain how geography, economics, and politics have influenced the historical development of various nations from 1750-present 2. Describe the impact of science and technology in the historical development of the world since 1750. 3. Describe the relationships of people, places, and environments through the 19th and 20th centuries. 4. Demonstrate the ability to apply and interpret social studies tools. 5. Explain how civic responsibilities are important to Americans as citizens of a global community. Required Materials: 1. Text World History Patterns of Civilization, Prentice Hall Publishing Company; ISBN# 0139638857 2. World History Study Guide Compiled by: Sarah Perkins 3. Internet Access for assessments and research 1

Study Guide and Assessments: For each lesson, the student will have a reading assignment and exercises to complete. A total of 553 points are possible for 1 st Semester, and a total of 367 points are possible for 2 nd Semester. After the student has successfully completed the reading assignments and the exercises, the student will take the Performance Opportunity Quiz (Online). After the student has successfully completed the reading assignments and the exercises, the student will take the Performance Opportunity Quiz (Online). After all of the quizzes have been taken for a chapter, the student will take a Chapter Test (Online). There will be 20 Chapter Tests for this course. There will be a midterm exam and a final exam. After all quizzes, chapter tests and midterm/final exams have been completed, an overall average will determine the final grade. Grading Scale: 93 to 100 % A 85 to 92 % B 75 to 84 % C 70 to 74 % D Below 69 % F The following formula is used in determining a semester grade: All assessments that are not semester exams (quizzes, tests, unit tests) weighted evenly 60% Average score for learning exercises in this Study Guide 15% Semester Final Exam (Midterm or Final) 25% Keys for successfully completing World History: Take your time. Concentrate on understanding one lesson at a time. Make notes on what you are reading to use as a quick reference. Because of space constraints, it will be helpful to write out your answers to the questions from this study guide in a notebook. Make sure you complete the exercises in this study guide and understand the material before taking the quizzes and tests. Test questions will be pulled from both the text and this study guide. 2

Study Guide Outline: I. Beginnings of Ancient Civilization a. Foundations of Civilization b. Ancient Egypt c. Ancient Middle East d. Ancient India and China II. Rise of Classical Civilization a. The Heritage of Ancient Greece b. Ancient Rome: Republic to Empire c. The Roman Heritage d. The Heritage of India and China III. Middle Ages in Western Europe a. Foundations of Medieval Europe b. The Height of Medieval Civilization c. Building National Monarchies IV. Golden Ages Outside Western Europe a. Byzantine and Islamic b. Africa and the Americas c. India, China, and Japan V. Europe in Transition a. The Renaissance and Reformation b. Exploration and Expansion c. The Age of Absolute Monarchs VI. An Age of Revolution a. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment b. Revolution in England and North America c. The French Revolution and Napoleon d. Revolutions and Reaction 3

Lesson 1: Ancient Egypt Read pages 18 22 from your textbook. Unit 1: Beginnings of Ancient Civilizations Chapter 1: Foundations of Civilization Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. What led Stone Age hunters to the Nile River Valley around 8000 B.C.? 2. What was the first name for the Nile River Valley? What did this name mean? 3. What were the benefits of the yearly flooding of the Nile to its early farmers? 4. Were the Egyptians monotheistic or polytheistic? Explain why. 5. In Egyptian religious beliefs, who was the god of the Nile? 6. Name two ways the ancient Egyptians showed their belief in the afterlife? 7. Describe the appearance of the earliest hieroglyphics. 8. What is the difference between a pictogram and an ideogram? 4

9. Why was the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in the early 1800s so important? 10. Where does the word paper come from? Exercise 2: Using the map on page 21 identify the natural barriers that protected the early settlers of the Nile River Valley. 4 pts. Exercise 3: Using the Internet, research why the Nile river runs north instead of south. Write in a paragraph the explanation. 5 pts. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 01, Lesson 1 Quiz. 5

Lesson 2: Government in Ancient Egypt Read pages 23 26 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Match the words with their correct definitions. 10 pts. 1. dynasty a. the worship of a single god 2. empire b. the first woman ruler known to history 3. Tutankhamon c. ruling family in Egypt 4. Hyksos d. Egyptian rulers; name means great house 5. pharaoh 6. Menes 7. Ramses II e. the ruler of Upper Egypt; he united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 B.C. f. group of territories or people controlled by one leader g. the last great ruler of the New Kingdom 8. monotheism 9. Akenaton 10. Hatsheput h. as a pharaoh he tried to convert Egypt from polytheism to monotheism i. Akenaton s son-in-law; he was just 8 years old when he came to power j. group that ruled Egypt for 200 years until they were expelled in 1570 B.C. 6

Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. Why did Menes successors build their capital at Memphis? 2. Name the three major periods dividing Egyptian history. 3. How did the Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom show that they were sympathetic to the causes of the common people? 4. What was the ultimate cause of the downfall of the Middle Kingdom? 5. Why is Queen Hapshepsut such an important historical figure? 6. Why is Egypt during the New Kingdom called the Empire Age? 7. Why was Amenhotep IV considered so controversial? 8. Why did Tutankhamon change his name? 9. The first written treaty in history was between what two warring groups? 7

10. Who was the last great ruler of Egypt? Who was the last ruler of Egypt? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 01, Lesson 2 Quiz. 8

Lesson 3: Ancient Egypt Society Read pages 27 31 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 8 pts. 1. Who, in Ancient Egypt, made up the highest social class after the Pharaoh? Why? 2. Which social class made up the vast majority of Egyptians? 3. Were the peasant farmers able to own the land they farmed? If not, who owned it? 4. Describe some of the rights that Egyptian women enjoyed. 5. For what purpose were schools first established in Ancient Egypt? 6. Which attributes show that the Egyptian calendar is the basis for our modern calendar? 7. Name two contributions that scribes made to Egyptian culture. 8. How was property inherited in Ancient Egypt? 9

After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 01, Lesson 3 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 01 Test. 10

Lesson 1: Sumerian Civilization Read pages 35 40 from your textbook. Chapter 2: The Ancient Middle East Exercise 1: Answer the following questions using the map on page 36. 3 pts. 1. Why is the Fertile Crescent considered the Crossroads of the World? 2. What rivers create the area known as the Fertile Crescent? 3. What three bodies of water border the Fertile Crescent? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. Who created the first civilization in the ancient Middle East? 2. What would have made it difficult to unite the people of the Fertile Crescent under one ruler? 3. Why was this region frequently overrun with invaders? 4. What is the difference in the flooding of the Nile River Valley and the flooding of the Tigris- Euphrates River Valley? 11

5. Name the chief Sumerian cities. 6. Describe the government of the Sumerian cities. 7. Who were the early rulers of the Sumerian city-states? Why? 8. How were the Sumerians like the Egyptians in respect to religious beliefs? 9. What was the Sumerians written language called? Why? 10. What two major contributions did the Sumerians make to transportation? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 02, Lesson 1 Quiz. 12

Lesson 2: A Blending of Cultures Read pages 40 45 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching- Match the following terms to their correct definitions. 6 pts. 1. Sargon a. the sacred book of the Zoroastrians 2. Nebuchadnezzar 3. Zoroaster 4. Hammurabi 5. Zend Avesta 6. Assurbanipal b. king of the Assyrians; he built a great library at Ninevah c. one of the greatest rulers of ancient times; he is best known for drawing up a uniform code of laws d. ruler of the Chaldeans; he rebuilt Babylon e. founder of an ancient religion that emphasized the battle between good and evil f. an Akkadian soldier who founded the first empire in known history Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. Who founded the first empire in recorded history? 2. Who compiled the first known code of laws? 13

3. What is Hammurabi best known for? 4. Describe the basic principle behind Hammurabi s code of law. 5. What area of expertise were the Hittites famous for? 6. What lasting contributions did the brutal Assyrians make to civilization? 7. How did Darius organize the Persian empire? 8. What religion did the Persians follow? 9. How was Zoroastrianism influential on the later Judeo-Christian religions? 10. What was the sacred book of the Zoroastrianism? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline : World History, Chapter 02, Lesson 2 Quiz. 14

Lesson 3: Contributions of Smaller States Read pages 46 49 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Compare and contrast the economies and culture of the following people. 5 pts. 1. The Phoenicians and the Lydians Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. What did the Hebrews believe was God s involvement in their lives? 2. In what document did the Hebrews record their early history? 3. What contribution did Moses make to Hebrew Law? 4. What was the name of the kingdom the Hebrews founded in 1025 B.C.? 5. Under what kings did the Kingdom of Israel flourish? 15

6. How did the Hebrews culture and religion survive after its kingdom was destroyed? 7. How was the Hebrew religion different from other Middle Eastern religions at that time? 8. How was the Hebrew law different from Hammurabi s law code? How were they similar? 9. What did the Hebrews believe about their prophets? 10. How was the Hebrew religion similar to the Zoroastrian religion? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 02, Lesson 3 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 02 Test. 16

Lesson 1: The First Civilization in India Read pages 53 56 in your textbook. Chapter 3: Ancient India and China Exercise 1: Answer the following questions using the map on page 54. 4 pts. 1. Where was the earliest Indian Civilization located? 2. Why were the Indian civilizations so isolated? 3. What three major bodies of water border India? 4. What two mountain ranges made invasion of India difficult? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. How did Indian traders make their way through the Hindu Kush Mountains? 2. What are the three major geographic regions of India? 3. Why was the Northern plain the home to the first Indian civilizations? 17

4. What is the chief feature of the Indian climate? 5. How do the monsoons affect agriculture in India? 6. Why do we know so little about the Indus Valley civilization? 7. What was the Indus Valley civilization s economy based on? 8. Indus Valley farmers were the first to grow what important crop? 9. What impact did the Indus Valley civilization have on later peoples? 10. What finally ended the Indus Valley civilization in 1500 B.C.? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 03, Lesson 1 Quiz. 18

Lesson 2: The Aryans Read pages 57 60 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching Match the following terms with their correct definitions. 9 pts. 1. tribe 2. Vedas a. includes a husband, wife, unmarried children, married sons and their wives and children b. written language of the Aryan people 3. Dravidian c. rebirth of the soul into another bodily form 4. caste 5. extended family 6. Sanskrit d. groups or related families who recognize a common ancestor, speaks the same language, and shares the same religious beliefs and traditions e. one of the world s oldest surviving religious works; they contain the sacred hymns, prayers, and magic spells of the Aryan people f. the elected chief of the Aryan; people 7. rajah 8. Upanishads g. chief enemies of the Aryans, probably survivors of the Indus Valley civilization h. social groups based on birth 9. Reincarnation i. oral teachings composed between 800 and 600 B.C. that introduced the idea of reincarnation 19

Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. Why were the Aryans organized into tribes? 2. Where did the Aryan people originally come from? 3. Who were the chief enemies of the Aryans? 4. How do we know about the history of the Aryans? 5. List the two epic poems of the Aryan people. 6. Knowledge of Sanskrit, the written language of the Aryans, belonged mostly to which group of people? 7. What were some of the responsibilities of the head of the extended family in Aryan villages? 8. List the four main classes of the Aryan social structure. 9. What group of people made up the lowest caste? 10. What were people outside the caste system called? 20

After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 03, Lesson 2 Quiz. 21

Lesson 3: Beginning of Chinese Civilization Read pages 60 64 in your textbook. Exercise 1: Using the map on page 61 answer the following questions. 5 pts. 1. List the four outlying regions of China. 2. Why might the Shang dynasty have settled where it did? 3. What geographic barriers cut China off from other ancient civilizations? 4. What 3 seas border China to the east? 5. What 3 mountain regions border China to the west? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11 pts. 1. What was the name of the first Chinese Dynasty? 2. Why did the Chinese call their land Chung Kuo or the Middle Kingdom? 3. What did the Chinese people consider those who did not speak their language? 22

4. Name and describe the soil produced by the Yellow River. 5. Why did the Chinese call the Yellow River the River of Sorrows? 6. How many symbols or characters did Chinese writing contain under the Shang Dynasty? 7. Why were Chinese characters written vertically rather than horizontally? 8. Who did the Shang people believe could act as go-betweens with the gods? 9. How did priests use bones to tell the future? What were they called? 10. What was the special skill of Shang artisans? 11. List three things the Shang people invented. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 03, Lesson 3 Quiz. 23

Lesson 4: Expansion Under the Chou Dynasty Read pages 65 67 in your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 12 pts. 1. Who founded the Chou Dynasty? 2. How did the Chou dynasty treat the Shang people? 3. What was the Mandate of Heaven? 4. How do historians refer to the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties? 5. What kind of economic system developed under the Chou dynasty? 6. Who held the highest place in Chou society? 7. The money economy that developed during the Chou dynasty was helpful to whom? 8. Why did education become so important during the Chou dynasty? 9. Who held the lowest position in the Chou dynasty? 24

10. What led to the end of the Chou dynasty? 11. Why did artisans and merchants hold a lower place in society than farmers? 12. What rare material was valued higher than gold and believed to be a link between heaven and earth? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 03, Lesson 4 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 03 Test. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following unit exam online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History Unit 01 Exam. This exam will cover the material in chapters 1 3. 25

Lesson 1: Early Civilization in the Aegean Read pages 75 78 from your textbook. Unit 2: Rise of Classical Civilization Chapter 4: The Heritage of Ancient Greece Exercise 1: Using the map on page 76 answer the following questions. 3 pts. 1. List the centers of Achaean civilization. 2. List the center of Minoan civilization. 3. How does the placement of these cities affect their economies? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. What was the home of the first Aegean civilization? 2. How much of the Greek land can be farmed? Why? 3. Why were the Greeks often at war with one another? 4. How was the Minoan civilization influential during ancient times? 26

5. Why didn t the Minoans have any defense structures? 6. What did Minoan religious life center on? 7. What was the ethnicity of the Achaean people? 8. How did historians learn about the Trojan War? 9. According to the Iliad, what started the Trojan War? 10. What gave the Dorian invaders an advantage over the Achaeans? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04, Lesson 1 Quiz. 27

Lesson 2: The Greek City-States Read pages 78 84 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching Match the terms with their correct definitions. 13 pts. 1. acropolis 2. aristocracy 3. archon 4. phalanx 5. Draco 6. ostracism 7. polis 8. monarchy 9. Solon 10. democracy 11. tyranny 12. ephor 13. helot a. Greek name for a city-state b. government by the citizens c. government by an individual who seizes power by force d. temporary exile of a citizen from a city e. 3 land-owning aristocrats who governed through a council f. 5 overseers elected by assembly in Sparta g. slaves who worked the land for the Spartans h. wrote the first Athenian law code i. government by the privileged upper class j. government headed by a king k. Athenian leader who abolished debt and slavery l. hilltop fortress in the Greek city-states m. massive formation of soldiers, standing shoulder to shoulder 28

Exercise 2: Compare and contrast the culture, religious beliefs, military, and governments of Sparta and Athens. 18 pts. Athens Sparta Culture Military Government After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04, Lesson 2 Quiz. 29

Lesson 3: A Century of War Read pages 85 87 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Using the map on page 86, answer the following questions. 3 pts. 1. Geographically, where was the Athenian empire settled? 2. How did this placement affect their economy? 3. How did this placement affect their military? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11 pts. 1. What started the Persian Wars? 2. Who won the battle at Marathon? 3. Where does the modern meaning of a marathon come from? 4. What reasons did Themistocles give for building a strong Athenian navy? 30

5. Which Greek city-state led the first Greek alliance against the Persians? 6. What forced the Persians to withdraw to Asia Minor? 7. Why did Athens emerge as the leader of Greece? 8. What is the period following the Persian War called? 9. Who was the chief architect of Athenian Policy during this period? 10. What kind of government did Athens have during this period? Define it. 11. What conflict led to the demise of Athens? Who started the conflict? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04, Lesson 3 Quiz. 31

Lesson 4: Patterns of Greek Life and Thought Read pages 87 92 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching Match the terms with their correct definitions. 12 pts. 1. Sophocles 2. Sophists 3. philosopher 4. Aeschylus. 5. comedy 6. lyric poem 7. Aristotle 8. tragedy 9. Socratic Method 10. Pythagoras 11. Plato 12. Euripides a. Socrates most famous student; he founded the Academy b. conversational question and answer technique c. seekers of wisdom d. poetry in which the poet expresses emotion e. dramas that focus on the suffering of a major character f. philosophers whose main interest was political and social success g. plays in which poets ridiculed people, ideas and customs h. mathematician who found a relationship between the sides of a triangle i. student of Plato who taught Alexander the Great j. father of Greek tragedy k. controversial Greek playwright who wrote Medea l. wrote Oedipus the King After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04, Lesson 4 Quiz. 32

Lesson 5: The Spread of Greek Civilization Read pages 93 97 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 12 pts. 1. Where was Phillip II from? 2. How did Phillip II show his respect for Greece? 3. What was the result of the battle of Chaeronea? 4. What was Alexander s first victory? 5. What city did Alexander make his capital? 6. What happened to Alexander in India? 7. How did Alexander die? 8. How did Alexander encourage the mixing of Greek and Eastern cultures? 9. Describe Hellenistic civilization. 33

10. What was the center of Hellenistic civilization? 11. List some medical advances achieved during the Hellenistic Age. 12. Describe the two new schools of philosophy that developed during this time. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04, Lesson 5 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 04 Test. 34

Lesson 1: The Roman Republic Read pages 101 105 from your textbook. Chapter 5: Ancient Rome: Republic to Empire Exercise 1: Using the map on page 102 answer the following questions. 4 pts. 1. What river is Rome settled on? 2. What people controlled Rome in 600 B.C.? 3. List the three major peoples in the Mediterranean region in 600 B.C. 4. Looking at the map, how was most trade accomplished in this region? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 6 pts. 1. What two mountain ranges are found in Italy? 2. How was the Tiber River important to the people who settled Rome? 3. How long did the Roman republic last? 35

4. What replaced the popular assembly in Rome? 5. What were the Twelve Tables? 6. How did Roman attitudes toward women differ from Greeks? Exercise 3: Matching Match the terms with their correct definitions. 9 pts. 1. consul 2. patrician 3. plebian 4. veto 5. republic 6. tribune 7. censor 8. dictator 9. legion a. divisions of the Roman Army b. in this form of government all citizens have the right to vote c. wealthy landowners who dominated Roman society d. had absolute power for 6 months during a Roman crisis e. two Senators chosen yearly to administer laws f. to block g. the common people of Rome h. represented the plebian interests i. registered the population for tax and voting purposes After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 05, Lesson 1 Quiz. 36

Lesson 2: The Expansion of Rome Read pages 106 108 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete questions. 8 pts. 1. In what year did Rome finally control all of Italy? 2. What were some of the benefits of roads like the Appian Way? 3. What was the name of the wars fought between Rome and Carthage? Why? 4. What was the first Punic War over? 5. What was the result of the second Punic War? 6. How did Rome organize its foreign lands? 7. Why was Roman domination tolerated in foreign lands? 8. What were some damaging results of the Roman conquests? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 05, Lesson 2 Quiz. 37

Lesson 3: Decline of the Repulic Read pages 108 111 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 13 pts. 1. Who was the first Roman emperor? 2. Why were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus assassinated? 3. Who won the civil war in 88 B.C.? 4. Who ruled Rome for the forty years following the civil war? 5. Who was the alliance of the first triumvirate between? 6. Why did the first triumvirate end? 7. Where does the term crossing the Rubicon come from? What is its modern meaning? 8. What events led to Caesar being proclaimed dictator for life? 38

9. What were some of Caesar s reforms? 10. Who assassinated Caesar? Where was he murdered? 11. Who was Caesar s heir? 12. Who formed the second triumvirate? 13. Why did the second triumvirate end? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 05, Lesson 3 Quiz. 39

Lesson 4: The Roman Empire Read pages 111-115 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11 pts. 1. What major change in Rome came about during Augustus reign? 2. How did Augustus reduce corruption local administrations? 3. What did the next four emperors of Rome have in common? 4. Who did Emperor Nero blame for the fire in 64 A.D? 5. Under which emperor did Rome reach its greatest size? 6. What were some of Hadrian s accomplishments? 7. What was the period between 27B.C. and 180 B.C. known as? 8. How large did Rome s population grow to during this period? 9. What were slaves legally considered in the Roman Empire? 40

10. How did slavery affect the Roman economy? 11. List some reasons the Roman economy began to decline. Exercise 2: Using the map on page 114, answer the following questions. 5 pts. 1. What products were imported to Rome from Arabia? 2. What products were imported from Spain? 3. What was imported from China? 4. What was the furthest that products were imported from? 5. Where from outside of the Roman Empire did products come from? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 05, Lesson 4 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 05 Test. 41

Lesson 1: Greco-Roman Civilization Read pages 119 123 from your textbook. Chapter 6: The Roman Heritage Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 12 pts. 1. What was the blending of Greek and Roman cultures called? 2. How was this culture spread? 3. How were Roman sculptures different from Greek sculptures? 4. Describe what a mosaic is. 5. What new building material to Romans invent? 6. What was the purpose of Roman aqueducts? 7. What was the subject matter of Virgil s Aeneid? Who did Virgil imitate? 8. What was the difference in Livy s History of Rome and Tacitus Annals? 9. List the positive features of Roman law. 42

10. What was the difference between civil law and the laws of the nation? 11. What was Pliny the Elder s contribution to science? 12. What physical image of Roman justice can be found in U.S. courthouses today? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 06, Lesson 1 Quiz. 43

Lesson 2: Rise of Christianity Read pages 123 127 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching Match the following terms with their correct definitions. 8 pts. 1. parable 2. Nicene Creed 3. pope 4. Gospels 5. hierarchy 6. martyr 7. messiah 8. Gentiles a. type of organization where officials are by rank b. father of the church; eventual title of the bishop of Rome c. non-jews d. savior chosen by God e. short stories with simple moral lessons f. a statement of basic Christian beliefs g. accounts of Jesus life; also known as the Good News h. people who suffer or die for their beliefs Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 16 pts. 1. What were Romans required to do in order to worship freely? 2. What did people who believed in mystery religions use in their faith? 44

3. How did Roman officials show their respect for the Jewish religion? 4. How did the Zealots in the Jewish faith seek political freedom from Rome? 5. Why did the Romans abolish the Jewish state in 70 A.D.? 6. Where does the name Christian come from? 7. What did Jesus teaching stress? 8. What kind of a God did Jesus teach about? 9. Which of Jesus apostles traveled to Rome to convert people there? 10. What new course did St. Paul take Christianity on? 11. Why did Christianity arouse official persecution in the Roman Empire? 12. What effect did persecution have on Christianity? Why? 45

13. Which Emperor officially introduced Christianity? 14. List the reasons that Christianity spread so quickly throughout the Roman Empire. 15. In the beginning of the Church, who were the highest officials? Why did this change? 16. What was the significance of the Council of Nicea? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 06, Lesson 2 Quiz. 46

Lesson 3: Breakdown of Unity in the Empire Read pages 127 129 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 8 pts. 1. Why did the Pax Romana end? 2. What did Diocletian do in an attempt to strengthen the empire? 3. What did Diocletian do to restore government efficiency? 4. What reforms did Diocletian make to attempt to restore the Roman economy? 5. What significant step did Constantine take to show the growing importance of the Eastern Empire? 6. List some of Constantine s reasons for building a new capital. 7. How did Constantine expand Diocletian s reforms? 8. How was the Roman empire divided following Constantine s death? 47

After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 06, Lesson 3 Quiz. 48

Lesson 4: Collapse of the Empire Read pages 130 133 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Using the map on page 131, answer the following questions. 3 pts. 1. Which tribes invaded the actual city of Rome? In what years? 2. Which tribes invaded the Eastern Roman Empire? 3. Which tribes invaded the Western Roman Empire? Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 15 pts. 1. Who did the Germanic tribes include? 2. Who ruled the Germanic tribe? 3. Why did the Germanic tribes begin fleeing into the Roman Empire about 375 B.C.? 4. Who won the Battle of Adrianople? 49

5. What was the significance of the battle of Adrianople? 6. Which Germanic tribe first attacked Rome? Who were they led by? 7. How did the Romans get peace from Alaric? 8. Who was the leader of the Huns? What did Christians call him? 9. What was the result of Attila s death? 10. Who was the second Germanic tribe to attack Rome? 11. What happened in 476 B.C. in Rome? 12. How long did the Eastern Empire survive after the fall of the Western Empire? 13. What were the political causes of the decline of Rome? 14. What were the economic causes of the fall of Rome? 50

15. What were the social causes of the decline of Rome? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 06, Lesson 4 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 06 Test. 51

Lesson 1: Two Influence Religions Read pages 136 140 from your textbook. Chapter 7: The Heritage of India and China Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 16 pts. 1. Which two major religions developed in India? 2. What is the Brahman to Hindus? 3. Are the Hindus monotheistic or polytheistic? 4. What are the three main gods in Hinduism? What is their significance? 5. Why do the Hindus believe in reincarnations? 6. What virtues does Hinduism teach? 7. How is the caste system determined in Hinduism? 8. How do people acquire good karma? 9. Who founded Buddhism? 52

10. How did he become Buddha? 11. How did Buddha die? 12. What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism? 13. What is Nirvana? 14. Describe the concept of the Middle Way 15. How are Buddhism and Hinduism similar? How are they different? 16. What are the two sects of Buddhism how do they differ? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07, Lesson 1 Quiz. 53

Lesson 2: Great Empires of India Read pages 141 143 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11 pts. 1. What was the largest empire in India? Who founded it? 2. How was the empire divided? 3. How did government spies send information to the capital? 4. What were some exports of the Maurya dynasty? 5. Who was the best known ruler of the Maurya dynasty? 6. Why did Asoka convert to Buddhism? 7. What was the influence of the Bactrian Greeks on Indian culture? Where were they descended from? 8. How did the Kushans influence Buddhism? 54

9. Why is the Gupta Age considered a golden age in India? 10. What religion was dominant during the Gupta Empire? 11. What ended the Gupta empire? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07, Lesson 2 Quiz. 55

Lesson 3: India Society and Culture Read pages 144 146 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. What changes were made to the caste system under the Maurya and Gupta empires? 2. What would untouchables have to do before entering a town? Why? 3. What was a woman s duty in Hindu society? 4. What was the practice of suttee? 5. Why were sons valued more highly than daughters? 6. What theme did Indian art usually reflect? 7. Name and describe the dominant style of sculpture during this time period. 8. Who was the finest of the Indian writers? 56

9. What major breakthrough did Indian mathematicians make? 10. List some medical advances Indian physicians made. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07, Lesson 3 Quiz. 57

Lesson 4: The Shaping of Chinese Traditions Read pages 146 149 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 19 pts. 1. How were Chinese thinkers different from Hindu and Buddhists? 2. What three schools of thought developed in China between 500 B.C and 200 B.C.? 3. Who was the most influential Chinese thinker? 4. What was Confucius actual name? Why is he known as Confucius? 5. What was a good society to Confucius? 6. What did the Confucius code of conduct stress? 7. What were the five basic relationships that defined people in society, according to Confucius? 8. Was Confucianism a religion? 58

9. What was the goal of Confucianism? 10. How did Confucian ideals shape Chinese society? 11. Who founded Taoism? How was he similar to Confucius? 12. What does Tao Te Ching mean? 13. How was Lao-tse different from Confucius? 14. What was the goal of life according to Lao-tzu? 15. According to Taoism, what is the best government? 16. Why did Taoism become popular among common people? 17. How did Taoism shape Chinese science and technology? 18. What kind of philosophy was legalism? What does this mean? 59

19. What did the legalists feel about human nature? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07, Lesson 4 Quiz. 60

Lesson 5: Unification of China Read pages 149 153 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 12 pts. 1. Who was the first emperor of China? What dynasty did he found? 2. What guided Shih Huang Ti s policies? 3. How did the emperor try to control ideas and learning? 4. What was the emperor s most important achievement? 5. How long did the Great Wall stretch? 6. Who was the best known Han ruler? How was he known? 7. What was his most important accomplishment? 8. What were students during the Han dynasty taught? 9. How did the examination system maintain social and political stability in China? 61

10. Although the Chinese people spoke numerous different languages, they could still communicate with each other. How? 11. What was the Silk Road? 12. Why did Buddhism have a hard time getting Chinese converts at first? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07, Lesson 5 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 07 Test. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following unit exam online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History Unit 2 Exam. This exam will cover the material from chapters 4 7. 62

Lesson 1: The Germanic Kingdoms Read pages 160 165 from your textbook. Unit 3: Middle Ages in Western Europe Chapter 8: The Foundations of Medieval Europe Exercise 1: Matching Match the terms with their correct definitions. 9 pts. 1. Clovis 2. tithe 3. missi dominici 4. Treaty of Verdun 5. Charlemagne 6. heretic 7. illumination 8. Charles Martel 9. parish a. Lord s messengers b. rural districts divided by the Church c. art involving decorating the first letter of a page with brilliant designs d. the Frankish Mayor of the Palace who rallied Christians against the invaders e. untrue Christians f. King of the Franks under whom the Franks rose to power g. 10 percent of a person s income paid to the Church h. divided Charlemagne s empire into three kingdoms i. ruler who reunited large areas of the Roman Empire, called the Great 63

Exercise 2: Read pages 160-165 to answer the following questions. 8 pts. 1. What was the strongest kingdom to emerge in the early Middle Ages? 2. What political reasons did Clovis have for converting to Christianity? 3. Who invaded the Germanic kingdoms in the 700s? 4. What dynasty did Charles Martel found? 5. What was the significance of Pope Leo crowning Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans? 6. How did Charlemagne encourage education? 7. Where were the Vikings from? 8. What three groups began invading Europe in the 800s? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 08, Lesson 1 Quiz. 64

Lesson 2: Feudal Society Read pages 166 171 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Matching Match the terms with their correct definitions 8 pts. 1. feudalism ` 2. troubadours 3. feudal contract 4. knight 5. lord 6. chivalry 7. fief 8. vassal a. wandering poets who entertained at feudal castles b. code of conduct combining Christian values and the virtues of being a warrior c. a lesser noble who served a powerful lord d. estate provided to a vassal by his lord e. unwritten rules that governed the relationship between lords and vassals f. system of rule by local lords who were bound to a king by ties of loyalty g. mounted warriors h. greater noble Exercise 2: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 5 pts. 1. What did the system of feudalism grow out of? 2. What were some things a vassal gave to his lord in return for land? 65

3. What kind of power did feudal lords wield? 4. Why was warfare so important in the feudal system? 5. What was life like for women in the feudal system? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 08, Lesson 2 Quiz. 66

Lesson 3: Life on the Manor Read pages 171 174 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. What was at the heart of the medieval economy? 2. What were peasants tied to a lord s land called? 3. How was a Lord s manor divided? 4. Who managed a lord s multiple manors? 5. What cycle controlled peasant life? 6. What was the first important advance made in agriculture under the feudal system? 7. What inventions aided in farming? 8. What was feudal justice largely based on? 9. What two courts did a feudal lord administer? 67

10. What was a trial by combat? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 08, Lesson 3 Quiz. 68

Lesson 4: The Medieval Church Read pages 174 177 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11 pts. 1. In the Middle Ages what class did bishops and archbishops belong to? 2. What were some ways that the Church was influential in feudal society? 3. What were the periods of peace that the church tried to enforce called? 4. What was the route to salvation through in the church? 5. What was the alternative to salvation according to the Church? 6. What happened if a person was excommunicated from the Church? 7. What special court did the Church establish to try people accused of heresy? 8. What tradition gave rise to religious orders? 69

9. What vows did monks take according to the rule of St. Benedict? 10. What were the two prominent orders of monks developed in the 1200s? What were their commitments? 11. What did the abbot of Cluny ban? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 08, Lesson 4 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 08 Test. 70

Lesson 1: Economic Patterns Read pages 180 185 from your textbook. Chapter 9: The Height of Medieval Civilization Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 13 pts. 1. What did the Champagne trade fairs introduce people to? 2. Why did the Champagne trade fairs decline? 3. What was the Hanseatic League? 4. How did the growth of towns stimulate local economies? 5. Where were most medieval towns located? 6. What are charters? 7. What were the French, German and English terms for the middleclass townspeople? Where do these terms come from? 71

8. What is a guild? 9. What did the first guilds do? 10. Why were just prices set? 11. What was an apprentice s salary? 12. How did a journey man become a master craftsman? 13. Why were towns dangerous? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 09, Lesson 1 Quiz. 72

Lesson 2: Medieval Culture Read pages 186 191 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 13 pts. 1. Who gave money to build cathedrals? 2. What 2 styles of church architecture developed in the Middle Ages? 3. Describe the attributes of Romanesque churches. 4. Describe the attributes of Gothic Churches. 5. What was the new style of literature that developed in the 1100s and 1200s? 6. What are the 2 different types of vernacular languages? 7. Who was considered the most famous medieval poet? What was his masterpiece? 8. What were the first universities? Who did they eventually become under the control of? 73

9. What 7 liberal arts did university students study? 10. What was the philosophy of scholasticism? 11. What did Thomas Aquinas set out to do in his Summa Theologica? 12. Who is the founder of experimental science? 13. What kind of medicine did most people in the Middle Ages rely on? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 09, Lesson 2 Quiz. 74

Lesson 3: Expanding Horizons Read pages 191 195 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 12 pts. 1. What did Christians in the medieval times consider to be the holy lands? 2. Why were relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Church strained? 3. What was the reason for the first crusade? 4. What was Pope Urban s underlying reason for launching the crusade? 5. What were some reasons that crusaders responded so immediately to Urbans request? 6. What happened in 1099? 7. What prompted the Third Crusade? 8. What happened to the children of the Children s Crusade? 75

9. What was usury? 10. Who were Europe s first bankers? 11. What happened to Jewish communities after the Crusades? 12. What was the only occupation left for Jews? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 09, Lesson 3 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 09 Test. 76

Chapter 10: Building National Monarchies Lesson 1: Growth of Royal Power in England and France Read pages 198 204 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 16 pts. 1. Who had the real power in a feudal society? 2. Why did the townspeople prefer monarchs to feudal lords? 3. How did the monarchs profit from the increased trade? 4. Who conquered England in 1066? 5. How did Henry I increase royal power? 6. How did Henry II increase royal power? 7. What two types of juries developed? 77

8. What is common law? 9. Why did Henry II and Thomas Becket become enemies? 10. Why did King John make England a papal fief and agree to pay an annual fee to Rome? 11. How did the Magna Carta come to be? 12. Why did the Magna Carta have lasting influence? 13. What were the two houses of Parliament? Who made them up? 14. Who was the first king of the French monarchy? How did he come to power? 15. How did the Capetiean Dynasty increase their power? 16. What was the highest royal court in France? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 10, Lesson 1 Quiz. 78

Lesson 2: The Struggle Between Popes and Emperors Read pages 204 207 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 9 pts. 1. What did King Otto do to try and centralize power in Germany? 2. Who did Otto claim he was successor to? How was this claim bolstered? 3. What was lay investiture? 4. Why did Pope Gregory excommunicate Henry IV? 5. What happened after he was excommunicated a second time? 6. Why did the pope wage battle against Emperor Frederick I? 7. When did the Church reach its peak of power? 8. What led to this power? 9. What did pope Innocent III do to show his power? 79

After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 10, Lesson 2 Quiz. 80

Lesson 3: Strong Monarchies in Spain and Scandinavia Read pages 207 210 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 9 pts. 1. Who ruled Spain after 700? 2. What did Spanish Christian knights call their crusade? 3. What three Christian kingdoms ruled Spain by 1250? 4. What united most of Spain in 1469? 5. How did Ferdinand and Isabella end religious toleration in Spain? 6. How did Spanish leaders use the Inquisition to increase power? 7. Who was able to unite Sweden, Denmark and Norway peacefully? 8. How did she unite the kingdoms? 81

9. What happened after her death? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 10, Lesson 3 Quiz. 82

Lesson 4: Decline of Medieval Society Read pages 211 215 from your textbook. Exercise 1: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 10 pts. 1. How was the plague carried across Europe? 2. How many of the people in Western Europe did the Plague kill? 3. What is the period of Babylonian captivity? 4. What was the Great Schism? 5. What did John Wycliffe question about the Church? 6. What began the Hundred Years War? 7. What were England s early victories due to? 8. Who was the unusual savior of the French soldiers? Who did she say had commanded her to fight? 83

9. What led to the decline of feudalism? 10. What was the name of the civil war that broke out in England? After reviewing the exercises, please take the following quiz online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 10, Lesson 4 Quiz. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following chapter test online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History, Chapter 10 Test. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following unit exam online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History Unit 03 Exam. This exam will cover the material from chapters 8 10. Once you have completed all learning exercises in this study guide for the 1st semester, please submit your work to your NLRO instructor for review and grading. Your instructor will then notify the NLRO Test Administrator that you are ready to take the midterm. You may wait to take the midterm exam until your graded learning exercises have been returned to you. After reviewing the exercises, please take the following midterm exam online at www.edmastery.com/nlronline: World History Midterm Exam. This exam will cover the material from chapters 1 10. 84