First Colony Bible Chapel Old Testament Studies Levitical Sacrifices TRESPASS offering Leviticus 5; 6:1-7; 7:1-7 11-24-2013 11/24/2013 1
Reference Books The Tabernacle Shadows of the Messiah David M Levy 11/24/2013 2
The TRESPASS Offering-1 Leviticus 5:14-16 (NKJV) - Offerings with Restitution 14 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: 15 If a person commits a trespass, and sins unintentionally in regard to the holy things of the LORD, then he shall bring to the LORD as his trespass offering a ram without blemish from the flocks, with your valuation in shekels of silver according to the shekel of the sanctuary, as a trespass offering. 16 And he shall make restitution for the harm that he has done in regard to the holy thing, and shall add one-fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him. 11/24/2013 3
The TRESPASS Offering-2 The trespass offering was the final Levitical sacrifice required of the Israelites This is similar to the sin offering. But there are a number of differences. Sin offering dealt with sin against God. The trespass offering emphasized sin against God and mankind Sin offering dealt with the nature of sin. The trespass offering emphasized the acts of sin Sin offering dealt with the guilt of the sinner. The trespass offering emphasized injury against God and mankind Sin offering dealt with atonement (expiation of guilt). The trespass offering emphasized the satisfaction and reparation for the wrong committed 11/24/2013 4
The TRESPASS Offering-3 The word TRESPASS (Heb: asham) means guilt being guilty of infringing or violating the rights of others whether it be God or mankind. The trespasser s sins: The Israelites were to present their trespass offerings for sins committed in three areas. First area was sins committed against self (5:1-13) First of these sins was concealing the truth (5:1) or not telling the facts/truth you know During Jesus trial Caiaphas, the high priest, adjured Jesus, "tell us whether thou be the Christ, the son of God. Jesus answered Caiaphas with a prophetic statement concerning His return at the Second Coming (Mt 26:63-64) 63 But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest answered and said to Him, I put You under oath by the living God: Tell us if You are the Christ, the Son of God! 64 Jesus said to him, It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven. James tells us that if a believer (James 4:17) 17 Therefore, to him who knows to do good and does not do it, to him it is sin. 11/24/2013 5
The TRESPASS Offering-4 The second sin was contamination by touching (Lev 5:2-3) 2 Or if a person touches any unclean thing, whether it is the carcass of an unclean beast, or the carcass of unclean livestock, or the carcass of unclean creeping things, and he is unaware of it, he also shall be unclean and guilty. 3 Or if he touches human uncleanness whatever uncleanness with which a man may be defiled, and he is unaware of it when he realizes it, then he shall be guilty. This included touching dead animals, dead people, unclean lepers, or people with a discharge from their bodies. Such contamination disqualified them from worship although they may have been unconscious of their actions as this was really an offense to His holiness. Sin and trespass offerings were required to purify the worshipers before they could come near the sanctuary in worship. The third sin was careless talk Lev 5:4 4 Or if a person swears, speaking thoughtlessly with his lips to do evil or to do good, whatever it is that a man may pronounce by an oath, and he is unaware of it when he realizes it, then he shall be guilty in any of these matters. If the Israelites took oaths that they forgot or chose not to fulfill, they were guilty of sin. It did not matter whether they were good or evil oaths - fulfill your oaths. 11/24/2013 6
The TRESPASS Offering -5 There are many illustrations of not keeping oaths in scripture: Jephthah s rash vow of sacrifice to God Jud 11:30, 34 Saul s vow concerning eating -1 Sam 14:24 Peter s vow not to deny Christ Mt 26:33-34 Believers are to watch their words, for they will be held accountable for them before God Mt 12:36-37. 36 But I say to you that for every idle word men may speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment. 37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned. Two illustrations of confession in the Old Testament: 1. David s adultery with Bathsheba Ps 51:4 2. Achan s transgression when he took the accursed thing Josh 7:20-21 Although confession was necessary, it did not remove the quilt of sin. A trespass offering had to be made for the guilt to be removed. 11/24/2013 7
The TRESPASS Offering-6 Next were sins committed against God Lev 5:14-19 Moses revealed sins that required both a sin offering and a trespass offering Then he focused on sins that required only a trespass offering Two types of transgressions could be made against holy things First a person could sin unintentionally 5:15 by personally using things dedicated to God Tithes Lev 27:30; Dt 14:22 First fruits of the harvest Ex 34:26 First born of cattle and sheep Dt 15:19 These gifts were used to sustain the priests and Tabernacle Second they could know the commandments but be unaware of breaking them-5:17 These sins were committed ignorantly (5:15) either by mistake or forgetfulness-5:17 No trespass offering was provided to cover deliberate sins against God s law Breaking His commandments Num 15:30-31; Heb 10:26-28 Finally there are sins against mankind- 6:1-7 There are five specific areas where the Israelites could sin against on another First being distrustful lie unto his neighbor in that which was delivered him to keep Lev 6:2 People could misplace, mistreat or misappropriate things and be guilty of trespass sin-ex:22:7-11 Apostle Paul taught, It is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful 1 Cor 4:2 11/24/2013 8
The TRESPASS Offering-7 The Second sin was dishonesty by lying in fellowship Lev 6:2; Lev 19:35-36 Dishonesty in social and business dealings Intentionally cheating a partner out of business profit Failure to pay an obligation As believers we are required to provide things honest in the sight of all men Rom 12:17 Do not be slothful in business Rom 12:11 The Third sin was acquiring by taking from someone by violence Lev 6:2 This includes robbery Twisting the law to one s own benefit Using prestige, power or position Ex: Ahab taking Naboth s vineyard 1 Ki 21:1-25 The Fourth sin was deceiving a neighbor Lev 6:2 or getting something by oppression This could be such as being two-faced, through extortion or withholding wages The Fifth sin was denial of property: found that which was lost, and lieth concerning it, and sweareth falsely -6:3; Ex 22:11; Dt 22:2-3 The phrase sin through ignorance is not mentioned here because sinning against others is deliberate Proverbs gives a list that the Lord hates: A proud look, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, a heart with wicked imaginations feet that are swift in running to mischief, a false witness and he who sows discord among brethren Though these sins are against others, they are still against God - Lev 6:2 11/24/2013 9
Two examples: The TRESPASS Offering-8 Adultery of David who said I have sinned against the Lord 2 Sam 12:13; Ps 51:4 When the prodigal son returned he confessed to his father, I have sinned against heaven and in thy sight Lk 15:21 When sinning against a neighbor, we sin against God. A believer cannot have a true walk with God and defraud his neighbors. True character of believers is evident in their conduct toward others- Eph 4:17-32; Eph 5:15-16 15 See then that you walk circumspectly, not as fools but as wise, 16 redeeming the time, because the days are evil. 11/24/2013 10
The Trespasser s Sacrifices: The TRESPASS Offering-9 The Israelites were to bring the trespass (guilt) offerings to the Lord for sins against themselves Lev 5:6-13 The type of offering varied depending upon an individual s wealth A female lamb or a kid goat could be brought - Lev 5:6 If poor two turtledoves or two young pigeons were acceptable Lev 5:7 Two birds were required one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering Lev 5:7; Lev 1:14-17 The offering of birds was handled differently. The offerers were not to lay hands on the heads of the birds or kill them. This was done by the priest. A bird was killed by wringing off its head. Lev 5:8 And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off its head from its neck, but shall not divide it completely. 9 Then he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, and the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. 10 And he shall offer the second as a burnt offering according to the prescribed manner. So the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for his sin which he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him. 11/24/2013 11
The TRESPASS Offering-10 The crop and feathers were removed and cast on the ash heap near the east side of the altar The bird was cut down at the center and spread open and not divided this is to remove the insides Some blood was sprinkled on the altar, the rest was wrung out at the bottom as a sin offering-lev 5:9 A poor Israelite could offer a tenth part of an epha of fine flour as a sin offering. But it had to be offered without oil or frankincense showing that it lacked the character of other offerings Lev 5:11.He shall put no oil on it, nor shall he put frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. Our social status is not a hindrance in obtaining forgiveness from God for our sins. Trespass offering was required for sins committed against holy things of the Lord. Lev 5:15 The trespass offering had to be a ram without blemish out of the flock Lev 5:18 The procedure of offering was similar to that of the sin offering Lev 7:7 The law of the offering is spelled out in Lev 7:1-7. Israelites brought their rams to the court of the Tabernacle Laid their hands on their heads Confessed their sins over them Presented the ram to the priests Killed the ram The priests caught the blood in a bowl and sprinkled it on the inner sides of the altar as with the burnt offering and the peace offering Lev 7:2. The blood was not placed on the horns of the altar as in sin offering. 11/24/2013 12
The TRESPASS Offering-11 The kidneys, fat and rump were burned on the altar by the priests Lev 7:3-5. The remainder of the sacrifice was for the priests and their son. This provision was to be eaten in the Tabernacle. Israelites were required to bring trespass offering for sins against their fellowmen Lev 6:6 However there was a change in the order and restitution. Here the restitution was made to the offerer first then the sacrifice was offered. The reason for this is, when the sin was against God, sacrifice came first since blood had to be applied to atone for sin When the sin was against a person, restitution had to be paid before the offering was made. The offenders could be restored to fellowship with God only after they had been forgiven by the offended person Mt 5:23-24; 6:15. Isaiah speaks of Christ s death as a trespass offering in Isa 53:10 When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin. Christ provided the required compensation to satisfy God so that mankind could be reconciled back to Him. The ram was a type of Christ s substitutionary sacrifice. He died in a sinner s place, paid the price and penalty of sin. Christ came to give his life a ransom for many Mt 20:28. For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, 1 Peter 3:18 11/24/2013 13
The Trespasser s Satisfaction The TRESPASS Offering-12 Restitution was to be paid along with ram sacrifice for sins against holy things Lev 5:15-16 and fellowman Lev 6:5. The priests assessed the value of the rams that were offered. The offenders paid the restitution in silver shekels. Israelites were required to replace whatever they had withheld from God or man. They had to add fifth of the appraised value Lev 5:16 16 And he shall make restitution for the harm that he has done in regard to the holy thing, and shall add onefifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him. The fifth part was actually a double thithe paid to the priests or the offended people. The sinner is not freed from sins until he offered the proper animal sacrifice and paid the silver restitution for their transgressions. The Lord then forgave the Israelites of all that he hath done in trespassing therein Lev 6:7 7 So the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD, and he shall be forgiven for any one of these things that he may have done in which he trespasses. The testimony of Zacchaeus is a clear illustration of restitution Lk 19. He vowed to give half of his possessions to the poor Promised to pay back fourfold to those he had extorted 11/24/2013 14
Trespass Offering- Conclusion Psalm 32:5 I acknowledged my sin to You, And my iniquity I have not hidden. I said, I will confess my transgressions to the Lord, And You forgave the iniquity of my sin. Psalm 51:1 Have mercy upon me, O God, According to Your loving-kindness; According to the multitude of Your tender mercies, Blot out my transgressions. Isaiah 43:25 I, even I, am He who blots out your transgressions for My own sake; And I will not remember your sins. Isaiah 44:22 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your transgressions, And like a cloud, your sins. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you. 1 Jn 1:9 If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. Psalm 32:1 Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, Whose sin is covered. 11/24/2013 15