OLD TESTAMENT TORAH GENESIS TO DEUTERONOMY OT 508 Fall 2010 Contact Me Brian C. Gault A Syllabus I m usually in my office until 4:00pm, and you are welcome to drop by. If you need other ways to contact me: By email: bgault@rts.edu By phone: 601.923.1671 Introduction As twenty-first century Americans (with apologies to the international students among us) our current cultural moment dominated by consumerism and reality TV focuses exclusively on the You in the Now You in isolation and Now without reference. Evangelical Christianity rarely deviates from this cultural milieu. It s just the Bible, Jesus, and me could be the motto of many evangelical movements in our country. Have you ever felt that there was something more? Why do we love stories so much? On Netflix, I ve rated some 967 movies (and counting). Perhaps for you, your love of the story manifests itself differently. Perhaps you re captivated by biography, enthralled by history, fascinated by the novel, or mesmerized by mystery. Perhaps you have a favorite relative or friend who spins a yarn with such excellence that you would sit and listen to their stories for hours, or maybe you love actually telling the tale. Regardless, there s something about the fabric of our being as we are created in the image of God that is perpetually and tirelessly drawn to story. Why are we so drawn to story? Why do we feel that there s more than the You in the Now? We are drawn to story because the great eschatological meta-narrative of Redemptive History has been etched on our hearts. We long for story because as human beings created in the image of God the truth of the story, the Great Story, echoes in our being. We want story because we know that we play a part in that Great Story, even if we are in rebellion against it, and it gives our life meaning as we belong to something outside ourselves. The Great Story can be summarized simply: God saves sinners. From the beginning of time, the utterly holy and unimaginably powerful God of the universe has unabashedly and unyieldingly pursued a people who have gone out of their way repeatedly to thumb their noses at him. That has not caused him to 1
divert or change his course. He has not abandoned his people even at their absolute worst. Rather, he has given them all that they need to enter into relationship with him, especially his Son, as covenant mediator and Passover lamb, high priest and sacrifice, covenant curse and covenant blessing, in order to win us to himself. Like all stories, the Great Story has a beginning. The Pentateuch or Torah (its Hebrew name), comprised of the first five books of the Bible, written by Moses, is the beginning of the Great Story. The Story begins in Genesis with In the beginning and is continued in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, which are each joined to the preceding book by the conjunction and to show the unity of the literary work. Deuteronomy, then, is a sermon from the great covenant mediator, Moses, to God s people awaiting the beginning of life in the land. The Torah moves (to borrow from Alexander) from Paradise to the Promised Land. The Torah is about the beginning of time, the beginning of the world, the beginning of the curse, the beginning of the promise, the beginning of a people, the beginning of the covenants, the beginning of the law, the beginning of a nation, the beginning of worship, and the beginning of possession of a land. From the outset, God promises to bless all the families of the ground through the coming seed of the Woman who would crush the serpent s head in his role as king. Along the way, in order to preserve and bless the world, God separates a people and gathers them to himself, gives them promises which they embrace through faith, ensures those promises by means of covenant when his people doubt, delivers his people from slavery, establishes them as a nation, imparts a law for their governance and for their instruction, institutes protocols and regulations so that an unholy and unclean people can worship a holy God, disciplines his people for their growth and his glory, and bestows a manual for how to enter and live in the Promised Land. This course will introduce students to the beginning of the Great Story. We will investigate Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy as individual literary works and how they fit together as a unified whole. We will investigate the major themes that establish the trajectory of Redemptive History, that are developed throughout the rest of the OT, that find fulfillment in Christ, and that give meaning to our life today. We will seek to place key historical figures in their appropriate historical context. We will encourage the student to think through particular issues that arise in the Torah by engaging them in writing and discussion. Understanding the genre of story (i.e., narrative) is vital to understanding the Torah. This course will give students a basic understanding of how to read Hebrew narrative by developing a hermeneutical model and then applying that model in multiple assignments in the text. The goal is to get the students into the text in a significant way in order to apply the text in their own life. Then, with the tools to mine the rich text of narrative, my prayer is that the student would teach, use, and apply this Scripture throughout their daily life and ministry before the face of God. 2
Textbooks God, et al. The Holy Bible. (Please use a more literal translation: NAS, ESV, NIV are preferred.) Greidanus, Sidney. Preaching Christ from Genesis. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007. Hagopian, David G., ed. The Genesis Debate: Three Views on the Days of Creation. Mission Viejo: Crux Press, 2001. Pratt, Jr., Richard L. He Gave Us Stories. Brentwood: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1990. Wolf, Herbert. An Introduction to the Old Testament Pentateuch. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991. Articles from the Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society on the current issues: Beale, Gregory K. Eden, the Temple, and the Church s Mission in the New Creation. JETS 48:1 (March 2005), 5-31. Beale, Gregory K. Myth, History, and Inspiration: A Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation by Peter Enns. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 287-312. Enns, Peter. Response to G.K. Beale s Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 313-326. Written Requirements You will turn in 4 written assignments (see Schedule & Due Dates below for when material is to be turned in): Preaching Christ from Genesis Paper. After reading assigned selections from Greidanus s Preaching Christ from Genesis, write a 7- or 8-page paper about the seven ways that Greidanus gives to preach Christ from the Old Testament. For each way to preach Christ from the OT, 1) clearly define that particular way to preach Christ, 2) illustrate it with an example used by Greidanus in Genesis 37-50 (no passage should be used more than once 7 passages for 7 ways), and 3) explain how Christ is appropriately preached from that passage using that particular way. Literary Analyses on Genesis 12:10-20 20 and Numbers 17:1 :1-11 11 (Heb: 17:16-26) 26). Each Literary Analysis should include two steps (please choose between an application outline and a preaching outline): 1. Literary Analysis. Students are required to answer the questions from the handout, A Tool for Literary Analysis, in some detail. The goal is to understand the narrative, uncover the structure of the passage, and determine the original meaning of the passage. 2. Application Outline. Understanding the passage, how does it apply to us today? Specifically, how would you apply this passage in life? You may customize your outline to your situation (e.g., counseling, teaching, etc.) as long as you clearly define the nature of your situation. Your outline should be detailed enough that I get the gist of your application, without going into all the details. Be sure to include the main theme of your outline, so I know the one point you are trying to drive home. 3
The outline should not be a simple restating of the historical fact or literary observation, but should be oriented towards application. E.g., instead of The Psalmist s fragile faith your point should be Our fragile faith, if the application is appropriate to us today. OR Preaching Outline. Understanding the passage, how does it apply to us today? Specifically, how would you preach this passage? Your outline should be detailed enough that I get the gist of your sermon, without going into all the details. Remember the basic preaching principle of State, Illustrate, Apply. Be sure to include the main theme of your sermon, so I know the one point you are trying to drive home. The outline should not be a simple restating of the historical fact or literary observation, but should be oriented towards application. E.g., instead of The Psalmist s fragile faith your point should be Our fragile faith. Hebrew Translation. If you have completed Hebrew 1 and 2, for this assignment you will be translating 4 passages : the 2 associated with the literary analyses (Gen 12:10-20; Num 17:16-26 in the Hebrew text (1-11 in English)) that will be turned in with the literary analyses; Gen 15:1-6; Num 14:27-34. You should print the Hebrew, write out your translation beneath it, and parse the verbs (I can provide a worksheet upon request). OR The Genesis Debate Position Paper. If you have not completed Hebrew 1 and 2, write a 7- to 10-page paper that summarizes each of the three views in The Genesis Debate: the 24-Hour view (Duncan & Hall), the Day-Age view (Ross & Archer), and the Framework view (Irons & Kline), allowing approximately two or three pages for each view. Then, reading through the responses and replies articulate briefly (you only have a page left) which argument you found most convincing and why. (I am considering organizing a debate in lieu of this paper if there is a 2/3 majority among the non-hebrew participants. This decision will be made at the beginning of class.) Discussion Lunch Requirements Significant discussion over key issues should be a vital part of any graduate level class. However, in light of the vast amount of material we need to cover in this class in such limited time, this discussion cannot happen during class time. Further, any in-class discussion would be dominated by a few vocal students and would not have time for participation from everyone. In order to have substantial discussion around certain issues with every student, you will sign up for two discussion groups over lunches. At this discussion group, you should be prepared: 1. To discuss all the material to be covered (i.e., have it all read), and 2. To give a brief summary (no more than 5 minutes) of the item for which you signed up. For these Discussions, you will receive one of two grades, either a 100 for having read the material and participating in the discussion or a 0 for not attending the discussion or not participating. If you are forced to miss the 4
discussion because of incapacitating illness or family tragedy, you must notify me beforehand. There will be no excuses afterward (only 0 s). We will meet in the TV Room at Patterson s Porch. Please be there ready to begin with the materials we will be covering no later than 12:10. You will be responsible for your own lunch. The two discussions will cover: JETS Reading Discussion. This discussion will cover two major topics: Beale s Temple article and Beale s critique and Enns defense of Enns Inspiration and Incarnation. Beale, Gregory K. Eden, the Temple, and the Church s Mission in the New Creation. JETS 48:1 (March 2005), 5-31. Beale, Gregory K. Myth, History, and Inspiration: A Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation by Peter Enns. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 287-312. Enns, Peter. Response to G.K. Beale s Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 313-326. 5 Issues Discussion from An Introduction to the OT Pentateuch. You should be able to state your position (in light of the other positions) on each of the following issues presented in Wolf s Introduction: (1) Authorship of the Pentateuch (pp. 59-92), (2) Identity of the Sons of God (pp. 115-119), (3) the Extent of the Flood (pp. 119-125), (4) the Date of the Exodus (pp. 168-177), and (5) the Meaning of Clean and Unclean in Leviticus (pp. 208-211). Testing Requirements Final Exam. A comprehensive final exam will be given during exam week. The exam will include both comprehensive essay and factual data. I encourage you to take pay attention in class and take good notes so you don t get smoked. Protocols 1. Anonymity. In order to help me be as objective as possible in the grading process, all assignments should be turned in with your RTS ID instead of your name. This way I won t know that the work I m grading is yours until after I grade it (and that could be to your advantage). 2. Attendance. Attendance is expected and we will begin on time, so please be prompt. If you cannot make class due to family emergency, please inform the instructor in advance. If the timing of the class infringes on your midmorning nap, I recommend Barq s Root Beer or McAlister s Sweet Tea for the appropriate dose of caffeine (McAlister s Tea has the added bonus of guaranteeing you ll go to the bathroom at least once during class). 3. Required Reading. It is expected that the student will complete the reading by the date due so that the student will be prepared for class. The reading will coincide with what we do in class, so to come to class without having completed the reading is to come unprepared. But there will be no Reading Report at the end of the class (so you won t be put in that 5
awkward spot of having to define what reading really is). However, the reading will be loosely covered on the Final Exam. 4. Late Assignments. Late assignments will be docked one letter grade per day. 5. Grading. The grading scale will follow the catalog s insanity (e.g., an 87 is a B-), but letter grades will fall out over a normal curve. Time Allotment & Grade Weight Pentateuch is a three-semester hour course, which will meet for 39 hours of the course of this semester. Using the two-hours-out-of-class-for-every-hourin-class standard, there will be roughly 78 hours of work outside of class. Reading Pages Rate Time Genesis 46 15 3.1 Exodus 39 15 2.6 Leviticus 28 15 1.9 Numbers 38 15 2.5 Deuteronomy 33 15 2.2 JETS Readings 65 25 2.6 He Gave Us Stories 280 25 11.2 Ch 4, 6-11, 13-16 Introduction to Pentateuch 45 25 1.8 pp 59-92, 115-125, 168-177, 208-211 Preaching Christ from Genesis 180 25 7.2 pp 1-42, 335-473 The Genesis Debate 128 25 5.1 pp 21-67, 123-165, 217-257 Reading Totals 882 40.2 Assignment Time Grade Weight Preaching Christ from Genesis Issues Discussion 5.0 7 to 10-page Ways Paper 7 7 JETS Discussion 5.0 Genesis 12 Genesis 12 LA 15.0 Literary Analysis 5 Numbers 17 LA 15.0 Application Outline 2 7 HT or GD Paper 15.0 Numbers 17 Preaching X Paper 15.0 Literary Analysis 4 Final 30.0 Application Outline 2 6 Total 100.0 Hebrew Translation 35 Verses 7 Genesis Debate OR 7 7 to 10-page Position paper 7 JETS Readings Discussion Enns' Myth/Beale's Temple 2 2 Introduction to the Old Testament 5 Issues Discussion 2 2 Final Study Time 8 8 Totals 39.0 Plus Reading 40.2 Out of Class Hours 79.2 6
Schedule & Due Dates Week 1: August 25, 2010 I'm not mean enough to say "Welcome to class, you're behind." Syllabus, Canonical Theology, Hermeneutics of Narrative Week 2: September 1, 2010 Read Gen 1-3, Read HGUS 4, 6-10 Genesis Week 3: September 8, 2010 HGUS 11, 13-16 Genesis/Missions Conference Week 4: September 15, 2010 Read Gen 4-11, Turn in Genesis 12 Literary Analysis Genesis Week 5: September 22, 2010 Read Gen 12-16, JETS Articles, JETS Discussion Groups #1-3 Genesis Week 6: September 29, 2010 Read Gen 17-25, Selections from Preaching Christ from Genesis, JETS Discussion Group #4-6, HT Gen 15:1-6 Genesis Week 7: October 6, 2010 Read Gen 26-50, Turn in Preaching Christ from Genesis Paper Genesis Week 8: October 13, 2010 Reading Week: Now I can say "You're behind." But I'll give you this week to catch up. Family & Friends Week 9: October 20, 2010 Read Exodus 1-18, Selections from The Genesis Debate Exodus Week 10: October 27, 2010 Read Exodus 19-40, Turn in The Genesis Debate Position Paper (non-heb) Exodus Week 11: November 3, 2010 Read Leviticus, Introduction 59-92, 115-125, 168-177, 208-211, 5 Issues Discussion Groups #1-3 Leviticus 7
Week 12: November 10, 2010 Read Numbers 1-19, 5 Issues Discussion Groups #4-6, HT Num 14:27-34 Numbers Week 13: November 17, 2010 Read Numbers 20-36, Turn in Numbers 17 Literary Analysis Numbers Week 14: 1 November 24, 2010 Read Deuteronomy 1-26, Study for Final Deuteronomy Week 15: December 1, 2010 Read Deuteronomy 27-34, Study for Final Deuteronomy 8
Selected Bibliography Alexander, T.D. From Paradise to the Promised Land. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1995. Beale, Gregory K. Eden, the Temple, and the Church s Mission in the New Creation. JETS 48:1 (March 2005), 5-31. Beale, Gregory K. Myth, History, and Inspiration: A Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation by Peter Enns. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 287-312. Beale, Gregory K. The Temple and the Church s Mission. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004. Childs, Brevard S. Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979. Chisholm, Jr., Robert B. From Exegesis to Exposition. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. Currid, John D. Recognition and Use of Typology in Preaching. Reformed Theological Review, 53 SD (1994), 115-129. Dempster, Stephen G. Dominion and Dynasty. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003. Dempster, Stephen. An Extraordinary Fact : Torah and Temple and the Contours of the Hebrew Canon, Part 1 & 2. Tyndale Bulletin 48 (1997): 23-56; 191-218. Dumbrell, William J. The Faith of Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1988. Enns, Peter. Inspiration and Incarnation: Evangelicals and the Problems of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2005. Enns, Peter. Response to G.K. Beale s Review Article of Inspiration and Incarnation. JETS 49:2 (June 2006), 313-326. Fairbairn, Patrick. Typology of Scripture. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1989. Freedman, David Noel. The Unity of the Hebrew Bible. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1993. 9
Garrett, Duane. Rethinking Genesis: The Sources and Authorship of the First Book of the Pentateuch. Ross-shire: Christian Focus Publications, 2000. Geiese, Ronald L., Jr. and D. Brent Sandy, eds. Cracking Old Testament Codes. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995. Goldsworthy, Graeme. The Goldsworthy Trilogy. Waynesboro: Paternoster Press, 2000. Goldsworthy, Graeme. Preaching the Whole Bible as Christian Scripture. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2000. Greidanus, Sidney. Preaching Christ from Genesis. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007. Gundry, Stanley N., ed. Five Views on Law and Gospel. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. Hagopian, David G., ed. The Genesis Debate: Three Views on the Days of Creation. Mission Viejo: Crux Press, 2001. Harrison, R.K. Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1969. Hill, Andrew E., and John H. Walton. A Survey of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1991. House, Paul R. Old Testament Survey. Nashville: Broadman & Holdman Publishers, 1992. House, Paul R. Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1998. Johnson, Phillip E. Darwin on Trial. 2d ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1993. Jordan, James B. Creation in Six Days: A Defense of the Traditional Reading of Genesis One. Moscow: Canon Press, 1999. Kelly, Douglas F. Creation and Change: Genesis 1.1 2.4 in the Light of Changing Scientific Paradigms. Ross-shire: Christian Focus Publications, 1997. Kline, Meredith G. Kingdom Prologue: Genesis Foundations for a Covenantal Worldview. Overland Park: Two Age Press, 2000. 10
Kline, Meredith G. The Structure of Biblical Authority. 2d ed. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1997. Moyter, Alec. The Story of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2001. Murray, John. Principles of Conduct: Aspects of Biblical Ethics. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1957. Reprint, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999. Pipa, Joseph A. Jr. and David W. Hall, eds. Did God Create in Six Days?. Greenville: Southern Presbyterian Press, 1999. Pratt, Jr., Richard L. He Gave Us Stories. Brentwood: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, Publishers, Inc., 1990. Ross, Hugh. Creation and Time: A Biblical and Scientific Perspective on the Creation-Date Controversy. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 1994. Ross, Hugh. The Creator and the Cosmos: How the Greatest Scientific Discoveries of the Century Reveal God. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 1993. Sailhamer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995. Sailhamer, John H. The Pentateuch as Narrative. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992. Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001. Vos, Geerhardus. Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1948. Reprint, Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1996. Wolf, Herbert. An Introduction to the Old Testament Pentateuch. Chicago: Moody Press, 1991. 11
Course: Professor: Campus: Course Objectives Related to MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes Genesis - Deuteronomy Brian Gault Jackson Date: Fall 2010 MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes In order to measure the success of the MDiv curriculum, RTS has defined the following as the intended outcomes of the student learning process. Each course contributes to these overall outcomes. This rubric shows the Articulation (oral & written) Scripture Reformed Theology contribution of this course to the MDiv outcomes. Broadly understands and articulates knowledge, both oral and written, of essential biblical, theological, historical, and cultural/global information, including details, concepts, and frameworks. Significant knowledge of the original meaning of Scripture. Also, the concepts for and skill to research further into the original meaning of Scripture and to apply Scripture to a variety of modern circumstances. (Includes appropriate use of original languages and hermeneutics; and integrates theological, historical, and cultural/global perspectives.) Significant knowledge of Reformed theology and practice, with emphasis on the Westminster Standards. Sanctification Demonstrates a love for the Triune God that aids the student s sanctification. Desire for Worldview Winsomely Reformed Preach Worship Burning desire to conform all of life to the Word of God. Embraces a winsomely Reformed ethos. (Includes an appropriate ecumenical spirit with other Christians, especially Evangelicals; a concern to present the Gospel in a God-honoring manner to non-christians; and a truth-in-love attitude in disagreements.) Ability to preach and teach the meaning of Scripture to both heart and mind with clarity and enthusiasm. Knowledgeable of historic and modern Christianworship forms; and ability to construct and skill to lead a worship service. Rubric Strong Moderate Minimal None Strong Uber-Strong Strong Moderate Moderate Strong Strong None Mini-Justification 1. OT theology of Covenant Promise and Law, book structure & themes 2. Discussion of contemporary issues in Torah studies in small groups 3. One or two academic papers 1. This class exegetes the biblical text 2. Original languages are used in class and required in translation assignments 3. Two Literary Analyses develop tools to dig into Scripture, determine original meaning and appropriate application 1. Covenant Theology central, Traditional Reformed categories are used to explain OT law 2. Creation, fall, redemption 3. References to WCF 1. Many personal applications 2. Focus on the awe-inspiring character of God and his great love for us 1. Multi-faceted applications are made from biblical texts, e.g. environment, politics, work, Sabbath 1. Common grace interaction with historical-critical scholars and others who hold differing views is required in two small group discussions, paper 1. Paper on Ways to Preach Christ from Genesis 2. Two Literary Analyses result in substantial preaching outlines for text Shepherd Ability to shepherd the local congregation: aiding in spiritual maturity; promoting use of gifts and callings; and encouraging a concern for non-christians, both in America and worldwide. Church/World Ability to interact within a denominational context, within the broader worldwide church, and with significant public issues. Moderate none 1. Biblical knowledge and hermeneutical skill is major factor in this category of church life 12
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