Slide 1 World Religions Part 4: Buddhism Session 1: Origins Our Class Web Site: http://wr.dirkscorner.com/gordon/ Dirk s Contact Info Phone: 603.431.3646 (Bethany Church s main number) Email: drodgers@bethanychurch.com Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers Twitter: @dirk_at_bethany Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/dirkscorner Dirk s Web Site: www.dirkscorner.com Bethany Church Web Site: www.bethanychurch.com
Slide 2 This Session 1.1 Preliminary Considerations 1.2 The Founder 1.3 The Four Noble Truths
Slide 3 Part 4: Buddhism Session 1: Origins 1.1 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
Slide 4 Buddhism Worldwide Image Source: http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-buddhist/
Slide 5 Challenges to Understanding A diversity of sacred texts in various languages One founder, but multiple traditions
Slide 6 Buddhist Sacred Texts Pali Canon (Tripitika/Tipitika) Mahayana Sutras Tibetan Texts
Slide 7 Multiple Buddhist Traditions Theravadin Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism Zen Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism Many Others
Slide 8 Part 4: Buddhism Session 1: Origins 1.2 THE FOUNDER
Slide 9 A Few Primary Sources Jataka Tales Buddhacharita/Buddhacarita Lalitavistara Sutra Several Others
Slide 10 His Name(s) Gautama Siddhartha clan personal name Shakyamuni/Sakymuni Sage of the Shakya/Sakya Shakya/Sakya the name of a family Line
Slide 11 A Few Historical Assumptions Born in 5 th or 6 th Century BC; some scholars propose 563 483 BC Born in what is now Lumbiniwan, Nepal Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lumbini#/media/file:lumbini_4.jpg, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 12 A Few Historical Assumptions Kshatriya varna Father: Suddhodna Mother: Maya Early 20 th century ivory carving of Suddhodna Image Source: By Nomu420 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30593038, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 13 A Few Historical Assumptions Spouse: Yasodharā Son: Rahula Ajanta Cave painting of Yasodharā and Rahula, dated somewhere between 2 nd century BC and 650 AD, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ajanta_caves Image Source: http://www.ignca.nic.in/asp/all.asp?projectid=ae03, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 14 Aged Person Sick Person Dead Body Ascetic The Four Passing Sites Picture of a painting in a Laotian Temple Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:four_heavenly_messengers.jpg, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 15 Age 29, lasting 6 years Extreme Asceticism No release found The Great Renunciation Painting by Abanindranath Tagore (1871 1951) Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:departure_of_sidd hartha.jpg, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 16 Awakening Age 35 Bodhi Tree/Bodhgaya 49 Days of Meditation and Temptation Buddha, the Awakened or Enlightened One Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:exterior_view_of_t he_mahabodhi_temple.jpg, photograph by Jakub Michankow, 2009, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 17 First Sermon Deer Park in Sarnath, near Varanasi (Benaras) Wheel of Dharma Middle Way ; Four Noble Truths (see below) First sangha, community of monks, men & women, later laypersons, Dhâmek Stûpa in Sârnâth Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:dhamek_stupa,_s arnath.jpg, photograph by Gong Jie, 2014, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 18 Remaining Years 45 years of teaching The sangha grows Poisoned food? Final Words to Ananda, disciple and cousin Death /Release at age 80, Relics distributed and venerated The sharing of the relics of the Buddha, Zenyōmitsu-Temple Museum, Tokyo Image Source: By PHG at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Leoboudv using CommonsHelper., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6155327, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 19 The Three Refuges of the Sangha Also known as the Three Jewels Buddha Dharma Sangha Amaravati Triratna Symbols, currently in the British Museum Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file :AmaravatiTriratnaSymbols.jpg, photograph by PGHCOM, 2007, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 20 Part 4: Buddhism Session 1: Origins 1.3 THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
Slide 21 Life is Suffering The Four Noble Truths Dukkha Suffering is caused by craving (Tanha) Dukkha samudaya Suffering can cease if we end desire Dukkha nirodha The Eightfold path leading to the cessation of suffering Dukkha nirodha gamini patipada magga
Slide 22 1. Life is Suffering Three Types of Dukkha Physical or Mental Pain Dukkha-dukkha Pain of Change Virparinama-dukkha Pain of Conditioned Things Samkhara-dukkha i.e.; we attach ourselves to impermanent things, mistakenly believing that they are real
Slide 23 1. Life is Suffering The Illusion of Existence Non-Permanence anitya No Permanent Self anātman Permanence is an illusion maya See Farhadian, Charles E. (2015-06-09). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations 3033-3046). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Slide 24 1. Life is Suffering Five Aggregate (skandhas) Body (rupa) Feelings (vedana) Perceptions (sanna) Memory (samskara) Consciousness (vijnana) See Farhadian, Charles E. (2015-06-09). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations 3055-3097). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Slide 25 2. Suffering is caused by craving (Tanha - a Pali term) Three Poisons of Craving Hate (snake) Greed (rooster/bird) Ignorance (pig) Thikse monastry courtyard, Wheel of life, Bhavacakra Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/three_poisons#/media/file:bhavacakra_thikse.jpg, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 26 3. Suffering can cease if we end desire Samsara/Karma Nirvana Key Concepts Nirvana (Sanskrit, extinction ; Pali, nibbana) means blowing out, cooling, and perfection, which etymologically comes from the verb root vā = blow out + nir = out. Source: Farhadian, Charles E. (2015-06-09). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations 3139-3140). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Slide 27 3. Suffering can cease if we end desire Two Moments of Nirvana nirvana with residues (i.e., the moment of awakening) nirvana without residues (i.e., the moment of death: parinirvana) Source Farhadian, Charles E. (2015-06-09). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations 3142-3148). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.
Slide 28 4. The Eightfold path leading to the cessation of suffering The Eightfold Path 1. Right Understanding 2. Right Intention 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration The eight stages can be grouped into Wisdom (right understanding and intention), Ethical Conduct (right speech, action and livelihood) and Meditation (right effort, mindfulness and concentration). Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/fournobletruths_1.shtml, accessed 2/12/2016
Slide 29 Next Class How does Buddhism develop after Buddha s departure?