History Part 22 22] Mughal Empire Notes Mughal Empire Mughals belonged to a branch of the Turks called Chaghtai, which is named after the second son of Chengiz Khan, the famous Mongol Leader. The Foundation of the Mughal Empire in India was laid by Babur, who was a Chagthai Turk. Babur (1526-1530) Babur is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He is a descendant of Timur (from his father s side) and Chingez Khan (from his Mother s side). His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad. In 1494 at the age of 11, Babur succeeded his father Umar Shaikh Mirza as the ruler of Farghana (now a province of ChineseTurkistan). Daulat Khan, the most powerful noble of Punjab, who was discontented with Ibrahim Lodi, invited Babur to invade India. Took interest in conquering India and launched four expeditions between 1519 and 1523. 1 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
First battle of Panipat (21 st April 1526) B/w Babur & Ibrahim Lodi Lodi was Killed Babur occupied Delhi Babar sent his son Humayun to seize Agra; & Claimed himself Emperor of Hindustan cannons were used in india Battle of Khanua (Near Agra 1527) Babur V/S Rana Sanga of Mewar Babur won the battle & assumed the title of Ghazi Babur s Military Conquests In 1504, Babur occupied Kabul. In 1524, Babur occupied Lahore buthad to retreat to Kabul after Daulat Khan turned against him. In November1525, Babur attacked and occupied Punjab again. On 21 st April 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battle of Panipat and quickly occupieddelhi and Despite of vast and superior troop Ibrahim Lodi lost in the battle due to Babur s superior strategy and use of artillery. 2 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
The First Battle of Panipat marked the foundation of Mughal dominion in India. Babur occupied Delhi and sent his son Humayun to seize Agra. Babur proclaimed himself as Emperor of Hindustan. Rana Sangha Rana Sangha of Mewar was a great Rajput warrior. Hegave the toughest resistance to Babur s expansion plans. OnMarch 16, 1527, Rana Sangha, along with rulers of Marwar, Amber, Gwalior, Ajmer and Chanderi and Sultan Mahmood Lodi (whom Rana Sangha had acknowledged as ruler of Delhi) met Babur in a decisive contest at Kanhwa, a village near Agra. The aim was to prevent the imposition of another foreign repression on Babur succeeded over them by using similar tactics as in the Battle of Panipat and assumed the title Ghazi. In 1528, Babur captured Chanderi from another Rajput ruler Medini Rai. On May 6, 1529, Babur met the allied Afghans of Bihar and Bengal on the banks of Gogra,near Patna and defeated them. With this battle, Babur occupied a considerable portion of northern India. Babur met the allied Afghans ofbihar and Bengal on the banks of Gogra, near Patna, and inflicted a crushing defeat on them. In the next year, Babur defeated the Afghans in the Battle of Gogra in Bihar. 3 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
On December 26, 1530, Babur died at Agra, at the age of His body was first laid at Arambagh in Agra, but was later taken to Kabul, where it was buried in one of his favourite gardens. Estimate Of Babur Babur was a great statesman and a man of solid achievements He was also a great scholar in Arabic and Persian languages. Turki was his mother tongue. He wrote his memoirs, Tuzuk-i-Baburiin Turki language. Humayun (1530-1540) and (1555-1556) Humayun was the eldest son of Babur. He was lacking wisdom, discretion, and strongdetermination and diligence of his Thus, as a king he was a failure. Humayun means fortune but he remained the most unfortunate ruler of the Mughal Empire. Humayun work as governor Badakshan Six months after his succession,humayun besieged the fortress of Kalinjar in Bundelkhand, gained a decisive victory over Afghans at Douhrua and drove out Sultan Mahmood Lodhi from Jaunpur, and even defeated Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. His victories, however, were short-lived due to weakness of his character. 4 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Humayun had three brothers, Kamran, Askari and Hindal Humayun divided the empire among his brothers but this proved to be a great blunder on his part. Kamran was given Kabul and Kandahar. Sambhal and Alwar were given to Askari and Hindal respectively. Humayun captured Gujarat from Bahadur Shah and appointed Askari as its governor But soon Bahadur Shah recovered Gujarat from Askari who fled from there. In the east, Sher Khan became powerful. Humayun marched against him and in the Battle of Chausa, held in 1539, Sher Khan destroyed the Mughal army and Humayun escaped from there. Humayun reached Agra to negotiate with his brothers. In 1540, in the Battle of Bilgram or Ganges also known as Battle of Kanauj, Humayun was forced to fight with Sher Khan alone and after losing his kingdom, Humayun became an exile for the next fifteen years. In 1952, during his wanderings in deserts Sindh, Humayun married Hamida Banu Begum, daughter of Sheikh Ali Amber Jaini, who had been a preceptor of Humayun s brother Hindal. On November 23, 1542, Humayun s wife gave birth toakbar at Amarkot 5 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Amarkot s Hindu chief RanaPrasad promised Humayun to help him to conquer Thatta However, Humayun could notconquer Bhakker or secure Thus, he left India and lived under the generosity of ShahTahmashp of Persia. Shah of Persia agreed to help Humayun by lend him a force of 14,000 men on a condidtion to confirm to Shia creed, to have the Shah s name proclaimed in his Khutba and to give away Kandhar to him on his success. In 1545, with Persian help Humayun captured Kandhar and Kabul and recapture delhi and agra Humayun sought help from the Iran ruler. Later, he defeated his brothers Kamran and Askari. In 1555, Humayun defeated the Afghans and recovered the Mughal throne. After six months, he died in 1556 due to his fall from the staircase of his library. Humayun was kind and generous, though he was not a good General and warrior. He also loved painting and wrote poetry in Persian language. The line If there was an possibility of falling, He was not a man to miss it refers to humayun. Battle of Chausa (1539) 6 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Between Humayu & Sher Shah Sher Shah destroyed Mughal army Humayu fled from there Battle of Kannauj or Bilgram (1540) Between Humayu & Sher Shah Brothers dint supported Humayu, hence he fought alone Humayu was thoroughly defeated by Sher shah Result Humayu became exile for next 15 years Sur Interregnum (1540-1555) The founder of the Sur dynasty was Sher Shah, whose original name was Farid. He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar. Later, Farid served under the Afghan ruler of Bihar, who gave him the title Sher Khan for his bravery. He defeated Humayun at the Battle of Chausa and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540. Sher Shah Sur (1540-1545) Sher Shah waged extensive wars with the Rajputs and expanded his empire. His conquests include Punjab, Malwa, Sind, Multan and Bundelkhand (last expedition which was invaded in 1545). 7 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
His empire consisted of the whole of North India except Assam, Nepal, Kashmir and Gujarat. The title of Sher Khan to Sher shah sur was given by Kamran who ruled Jaunpur Sher Shah s Administration Although his rule lasted for five years, he organized a brilliantadministrative system. The central government consisted of several departments. The king was assisted by four important ministers: Diwan i- Wizarat also called as Wazir - in charge of Revenue and Finance. Diwan-i-Ariz in charge of Army. Diwan-i-Rasalat- Foreign Minister. Diwan-i-Insha- Minister for Communications. Shershah has the concept that all of them were equal infront of the law. Sher Shah's Justice Administration was assisted by the chief Qazi. Sher Shah s empire was divided into forty seven sarkars. Chief Shiqdar (law and order) and Chief Munsif (judge) were the two officers in charge of the administration ineach sarkar. 8 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Each sarkar was divided into several parganas. Shiqdar (military officer),amin (land revenue), Fotedar (treasurer) Karkuns (accountants) were in charge of the administration of each pargana. There were also many administrative units callediqtas. The land revenue administration was well organized under Sher Shah. Landsurvey was carefully done. All cultivable lands were classified into three classes good, middle and bad. The state s share was one third of the average produce and itwas paid in cash or crop. His revenue reforms increased the revenue of the state. Sher Shah introduced new silver coins called Dam and they were in circulation till 1835. In devanagri language shershahs name is scripted in the gold and silver coins Shershah was called "the father of modern currency". His currency adjustment has improved the economic situation of the nation. Sher Shah had also improved the communications by laying four importanthighways. They were: 1. Sonargaon to Sind 2. Agra to Burhampur 3. Jodhpur to Chittorand 4. Lahore to Multan. Rest houses were built on the highways for the convenience ofthe travelers. 9 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
The military administration was also efficiently reorganized and Sher Shah borrowed many ideas like the branding of horses from Alauddin Khalji. The horse warming in the horse army is called as Dagh. Estimate of Sher Shah Sher Shah remained a pious Muslim and generally tolerant towards other religions. He employed Hindus in important offices. He was also a patron of art and architecture. He built a new city on the banks of the river Yamuna near Delhi. Now the old fort called Purana Qila and its mosque is alone surviving. He also built a Mausoleum at Sasaram, which is considered as one of the master pieces of Indian architecture. Shah also patronized the learned men. Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote the famous Hindi work Padmavat during his reign. After Sher Shah s death in 1545 his successors ruled till 1555 Sher shah was succeeded by his son Islam shah.the last ruler of sur dynasty was sikkander shah sur who was defeated by humayun in 1555 by the battle of sirhindh. 10 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Akbar (1556 1605) During 1 st five years of Akbars reign, Bairam khan acted as his guardian appointed by humayun & consolidated Mughal empire Second battle of Panipat ( 1556 ) Mughal rule was re-created in Delhi and Agra Between Akbar & Hemu (Commander of Afgans) Akbar emerged victorious with the help of Bairam Khan Akbar married Rajput princess Jodha, daughter of Raja Bhairmal of Amber This marriage became a turning point in the history of Mughals, as Rajputs supported them now Many Rajputs like Raja Man singh & Raja Bhagwan Das were given senior position in Akbar s court Akbar s foster mother maham anaga controlled the affairs for two years.the period of her rule was also known as Petticoat Government Later, Akbar removed Bairam Khan and sent him to Mecca but Bairam Khan was killed by an Afghan on his way. The military conquests of Akbar were extensive. Battle of Haldighati, 1576 Between Akbar and Maharana Pratap of Mewar 11 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Mughals under the leadership of Raja Man singh defeated Rana Pratap of Mewar Akbar was very tolerant towards religious policies abolished pilgrim tax & later Jiziya He formed a strong alliance b/w Mughals & Rajputs which ensured peace in Rajasthan & Northern India Akbar annexed the rajput state of gondwana, Rani Durgavathi, offered a stiff resistance, but she was defeated. Akbar s Relation with Rajputs Akbar married the Rajput Princess, the daughter of Raja Bharmal. For four generation, the Rajuputs served the Mughals and many served in the positions of military generals as well. Akbar appointed Raja Man Singh and Raja Bhagawan Das in the senior position of the Mughal Administration. Though majority of the Rajput states surrendered to Akbar, the Ranas of Mewar continued to confront even though they were defeated several times. In 1576, the Mugahl Army defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of Haldighati, following the defeat of Mewar, other leading Rajput leaders surrendered to Akbar and accepted his 12 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Akbar s policy towards Rajput was combined with a broad religious toleration. He abolished the pilgrim tax and later the jiziya. Raja Todar, Raja mansingh, Raja Bhagawan Das, Birbhal is present in Akbars court Akbars Religious Policy Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and was very tolerant. Akbar's father was a Sunni muslim while his mother was a shia and his gaurdian was a shia, and sheikh mubarak his tutor was also a shia all these made akbar tolerant towards all religion. Akbar was a pious Muslim but after marrying Jodha Bai of Amber, he abolished pilgrim tax. In 1562, he abolished jiziya. He allowed his Hindu wives to worship their own gods. In 1575, Akbar built Ibadat Khana (House of worship) at his new capital Fatepur Sikri and invited scholars from all religions like Christianity, Hinduism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. He did not like the intrusion of the Muslim Ulemas in political matters. In 1579, he delivered the Infallibility Decree and proclaimed his religious powers. 13 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
In 1582, he propagated a new religion called Din Ilahi or Divine Faith. About Din Ilahi The new religion believed in one God. It had all the good points of every religion. Its foundation was balanced. It didn t endorse any philosophy. It aimed at bridging the gap that separated different religions. The new religion had only 15 followers including Birbal. Akbar did not compel anyone to join his new religion. However, the new religion proved to be a failure, after Akbar s death. Land Revenue Administration With the help of Raja Todar Mal, Akbar experimented on the land revenue administration, which was completed in 1580. Sher shah was the forerunner of akbar in the field of land revenue system The land revenue system was called Zabti or Bandobast system or Dahsala System. The revenue was fixed on the average yield of land measured on the basis of previous ten years. The loan was given to the farmers which could be repaid easily by annual installments. 14 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Every cultivator was given a patta and were lso required to sign a qubuliyat. The land was divided into four categories Polaj (cultivated every year) Parauti (once in two years) Chachar (once in three or four years) Banjar (once in five or more years) Payment of revenue was made generally in cash. Mansabdari System Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in his administration and it was the basis for the civil and military administration. Under this system every officer was assigned a rank (Mansab) Lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles. Princes of royal blood received even higher ranks. The ranks were divided into two Zat and Sawar. Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person. Sawar rank indicated the number of cavalrymen of a person who was required to maintain. Every sawar had to maintain at least two horses. All appointments, promotions and dismissals were directly made by the emperor. 15 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Jahangir (1605 1627) Prince Salim succeeded the throne with the title Jahangir (Conqueror of the world) Witness rebellions from his son Khusaro, but was defeated & imprisoned Beheaded 5 th Sikh Guru Arjun dev because of supporting khusru In 1611, Married Mehrunnisa (Nurjaha Light of the world) Wrote his Autobiography Tuzuk i Jahagiri William Hawkins and sir Thomas Roe visited jahangirs court from england in front of the englands trade administration In 1615, Sir thomas Roe arrived as an accredited to the jahangir court to get the permission to trade in surat. In Srinagar city Jahangir laid out shalimar and nishat gardens Nur Jahan In 1611, Jahangir married Mehrunnisa who was known as Nur Jahan (Light of World). Asaf Khan elder brother of Nur Jahan was appointed as Khan-i-Saman, a post reserved for the nobles. In 1612, Asaf Khan s daughter, Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as Mumtaj), married Jahangir s third son, prince Khurram (later Shah Jahan). 16 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
The period from AD 1611 to AD 1626 in Mughal history is known as the "The age of Nur jahan". Shahjahan (1627 1658) Shah Jahan (also Shahabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan) was the fifth Mughal Emperor in India. He was born on 5th of January 1592 at Lahore. He was the son of Muhgal Emperor Jahangir and Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani. His mother was a Rajput Princess. The early name of Shah Jahan was Prince Khurram. Shahjahan means king of the world. Asaf khan helped him to emerge as a powerful king. In 1636, Shah Jahan conquered Ahmad City. He sent Mahabat Khan towards deccan to conquer ahmed nagar. Shah Jahan defeated the rulers of Bijapur and Golkonda. His period is known as the Golden Age of Mughal period During his period the Mughal Empire reached the peak of fame He is known as the Prince of Builders Shah Jahan created a new capital, Shahjahanabad. Shah Jahan created the Red Fort in Delhi. Rang Mahal, Moti Mahal, Muthu Makal, Diwan-I- kham, Diwan-i-Khas were in the Red Fort. 17 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
He built the Jama Masjid. Taj Mahal Ustad was built under the leadership of Ustad isa. Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal. Emperor Shah Jahan created the Peacock throne and the valuable Kohinoor Diamond. Nadir Shah took away the peacock throne in Ad 1739 Manucci, Travernier, Bernier visited India during the reign of Shah Jahan Aurangazeb was the Governor of Deccan during the reign of Shah Jahan War of Succession The last years of Shah Jahan s reign were clouded by a bitter war of succession among his four sons 1. Dara Shikoh (crown prince) 2. Shuja (governor of Bengal) 3. Aurangazeb (governor of Deccan) 4. Murad Baksh (governor of Malwa and Gujarat) Aurangazeb emerged victorious in this struggle He entered the Agra Fort after defeating Dara He forced Shah Jahan to surrender Shah Jahan was confined to the female apartments in the Agra fort and strictly put under watch 18 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Shah Jahan lived for eight long years lovingly nursed by his daughter Jahanara. Aurangzeb (1658 1707) Aurangazeb was one of the ablest kings of the Mughal. He assumed the title Alamgir, World Conqueror. Aurangazeb imprisoned his father in 1658. In his first ten years of reign, his military campaigns were a great success. But in the latter part of his reign, he faced serious difficulties. The Jats and Satnamis and also the Sikhs revolted against him due to his harsh religious policy. The Deccan policy of the Mughals started from the reign of Akbar. Aurangazeb, as governor of Deccan, followed a belligerent Deccan policy. He concentrated on the northwest frontier in his first 25 years as the Mughal emperor In the same time, Sivaji, the Maratha Ruler carved an an independent Maratha kingdom in the territories of north and south Konkan. Aurangazeb decided to invade Bijapur and Golkonda to hold the spread of the Marathas. He defeated Sikandar Shah of Bijapur and seized his kingdom. He proceeded against Golkonda and eliminated the Kutb Shahi dynasty. 19 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
The destruction of the Deccan kingdoms was a political blunder by Aurangazeb. The barrier between the Mughals and the Marathas was removed and there ensued a direct confrontation between them. Religious Policy Very orthodox & staunch Muslim; tried to change India into an Islamic state Created separate departments to enforce moral codes called Muhtasib Aurangzeb removed the Hindus from the state service. Ninth Sikh guru was killed by Aurangzeb Destroyed Hindu temples & banned construction of them Reimposed Jiziya & pilgrimage tax (in 1679) Stopped celebration of Muharram (Not tolerant towards other Muslim sects) Khalsa means sikh military organization. Shaishta khan was sent by aurangazeb to suppress shivaji Deccan cancer killed the aurangazeb was the main reason of decline of Mughal empire. Sikh religion was founded by Guru nanak Tenth sikh guru is Guru Gobind Singh Mughal rule was a military monarchy. 20 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
During the Mughal period, the emperor was considered a shadow of God on earth. The emperor was assissted by a council of ministers. The most important among them was the wazir or the prime minister. The Mughal empire was divided into different provinces. Government - Provinces - Suba - Sarkar - Parganas Villages Chief Qazi assisted the king in the judicial administration of the Mughal empire Causes for the Decline of Mughals The Mughal Empire declined rapidly after the death of Aurangazeb. Taking this advantage, in 1739, Nadir Shah imprisoned the Mughal Emperor and looted Delhi. The religious and Deccan policies of Aurangazeb contributed to its decline. The weak successors and demoralization of the Mughal army were also the reasons for the decline. The financial difficulties due to continuous wars led to the decline. The neglect of the sea power by the Mughals was felt when the Europeans began to settle in India. Further, the invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali weakened the state. 21 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Architecture Under Mughals Emperor Monument Place Agra fort using Red Stone Agra Panch Mahal build on the pattern of a Buddhist Vihara Fatehpur Sikri Jama masjid with gateway Buland Darwaza On Gujrat s victory Fatehpur Sikri Akbar Humayu Tomb Precursor of Tajmahal Delhi Shalimar Bagh Srinagar Jahangir Akbar s Tomb Sikandara near Agra 22 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Itimaddaulah Tomb (Pietra dura style by Nurjaha) Agra Red Fort Delhi Jama Masjid using Red stone Delhi Moti Masjid Agra Under Red Fort Diwan i am (Delhi) Under Red Fort Diwan i Khas (Delhi) Shahjaha Nishat Bagh (By Asif khan, Brother of Nurjaha) Srinagar Aurangzeb Pinjore Garden Lahore 23 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
Moti Masjid with white marble Delhi Painting & Music Akbarnama was the main theme of Mughal paintings Hamznama was the most important work of Mughals time consisting 1200 paintings Tansen (From gwalior) was a great musician in Akbar s court Literature Abul Fazal Ain i Akbari, Akbarnama (Persian Language) Abul Faizi Converted Mahabharata into Persian language (Leading poet of Akbar s Court) Abdul Hamid Lahori Padshah Nama (Shahjaha s Court) Inayat Khan Shahjaha Naha (Shahjaha s Court) Dara Shikoh (Eldest son of Shahjaha) Converted Bhagvat Gita & Upanishads into Persian Trivia During 17 th century, two new crops Tobacco & Maize were added Potato & Chili came later in 18 th century Ghee & oils were cheaper; Salts & sugar were more expensive 24 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
THE MUGHALS - Questions 1) Who is the founder of Mughal Empire in India? (A) Sher Shah (B) Babur (C) Akbar (D) Humayun 2) Which of the following statements is/are wrong? (A) Babur's original name is zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur. (B) Babur was a descendant from his father s side oftimur, the turk,and Mothers side of Chengizkhan, the mongol. (C) At the age of sixteen Babur took over the responsibility of Farghana (D) On April 21, 1526, he defeated Ibrahim Lodi in first battle of Panipat. 3) Match the following 1) Kanwah War - 1529 2) The Battle of Gaghra - 1528 3) Chanderi War - 1526 4) Battle of Panipat - 1527 (A) 4 1 3 2 (B) 4 1 2 3 (C) 1 2 3 4 25 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(D) 4 3 2 1 4) The book of Tuzuk-i-Babri / memories of Babur autobiography was written in which language? (A) Arabic (B) Latin (C) Turki (D) Tamil 5) Where did the Humayun work as governor? (A) Bihar (B) Badakshan (C) Kabul (D) Kandahar 6) Which of the following statements is/ are wrong? 1) Kamran, Askari and Hindal were Babur's brothers. 2) Under the rule of Humayun, the Rajputs thought to drive the Mughals out of India. 3) Sherkhan defeated humauyun in the battle of chausa in AD 1539 and then he defeated sherkhan in the battle of kanauj in AD 1540. 4) Bahadur shah of Gujarat was also a threat to Humayun. (A) 1 and 2 26 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(B) 1 and 3 (C) 3 and 4 (D) 2 and 4 7) Akbar was born in which place and when? (A) AD 1540 and the Amarkot (B) AD 1542 and the Amarkot (C) AD 1545 and Dilwara (D) AD 1542 and Kabul 8) Who supported Humayun to recapture the Delhi? (A) King of Persia (B) King of Bihar (C) Mughal King (D) Maratha king 9) The line If there was an possibility of falling, He was not a man to miss it refers to. (A) Babur (B) Humayun (C) Sher Shah (D) Akbar 10) What is meant by humayun? 27 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(A) Champion (B) Fortunate (C) Tiger (D) King of world 11) Who was appointed as the guardian of Akbar? (A) Shershah Sur (B) Bairam khan (C) Kamran (D) Amithabanu 12) What is Sher shah sur s real name? (A) Sherkhan (B) Farid (C) Sur (D) Ulemas 13) Who gave the title of Sher Khan to Sher shah sur? (A) Kamran who ruled Kabul (B) Kamran who ruled Jaunpur (C) Governor of Bangladesh (D) King of Bihar 14) The dynasty founded by sher shah sur is called as? 28 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(A) Sur (B) Bairam (C) Coorg (D) Chausa 15) The last expedition of shershah was against whom? (A) Humayun (B) Sindhu and Multan (C) Malavum, Reich's, Marwar (D) Bundlekhand 16) Match the following 1) Babur - AD 1530-1540 2) Sher shah - AD 1545 3) Fort kalinjar - 1540-1545 4) Humayun - AD 1606-1627 5) Akbar - AD 1526-1530 6) Jahangir - AD 1556-1605 (A) 6 5 4 3 2 1 (B) 1 2 5 4 5 6 (C) 5 3 1 2 6 4 (D) 5 3 2 1 6 4 29 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
17) Which of the following statements is /are correct? 1)Sher shah was the architect of the brilliant administrative system and he listen to the advise of ulemas. 2) He handed over the administration's minor affairs to his council of ministers. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 (D) None of these 18) Match the following 1) Divani-e-Vijayat - military officer. 2) Divani-e-Rasalath - Budget, expenditure, liability. 3) Divani-e-Arish Royal proclamations and despatches 4) Diwani-e-Insha Ambassadors and envoys (A) 4 2 3 1 (B) 2 4 1 3 (C) 1 2 3 4 (D) 2 1 4 3 19) Which of the following statements is wrong? (A) AD In 1539, Sherkhan defeated Humayu in the battle of Chausa. (B) AD In 1545 Sher shah invaded Bundlekhand. 30 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(C) Sher shah died due to the explosion of gun powder when he invaded the fort of kalinjar (D) Due to the Chausa war sher shah capture of Delhi. 20) Arrange the sher shah s Administrative System in ascending order (A) Sarkar-Parganas-Village (B) Parganas - Sarkar -Village (C) Village-Parganas-Sarkar (D) Parganas -village-sarkar 21) Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1) Shershah canceled the Ryotwari system and issued patta on the ownership of the land to farmers. 2) He Established 1/6 as part of the government's share yield. (A) 1 only right (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 2 (D) None of these 22) In which year Aurangzeb died? (A) 1658 (B) 1666 (C) 1707 31 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(D) 1654 23) Whose military policies were followed by Shershah's?. (A) Ala-ud-din khilji (B) Jalaluddin Khilji (C) Mohammed bin Tughluq (D) Humayun 24) How was the horse warming is called in the horse army? (A) Kadh (B) Dagh (C) Cook (D) Ek 25) Which of the following statements is /are wrong? 1) Shershah has the concept that all of them were equal infront of the law. 2) Shearsha also investigated all the cases. 3) Sher Shah's Justice Administration was assisted by the chief Qazi. (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 3 only (D) None of these 26) Which of the following statements is /are correct? 32 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
1) Shershah was called "the father of modern currency". 2) His currency adjustment has improved the economic situation of the nation. (A) 1 and 2 is correct, and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1 (B) 1 and 2 is correct, and statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1 (C) 1 only (D) 2 only 27) In which language did shershahs name is scripted in the gold and silver coins? (A) Hindi (B) Farsi (C) Devanagiri (D) Urdu 28) Who is called as The father of modern currency? (A) Sher Shah (B) Akbar (C) Babur (D) Jahangir 29) Where is Sher Shah's mosoleum located? (A) Sasaram (B) Amarkot (C) Bengal 33 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(D) Multan 30) Who built Purana Qila? (A) Sher Shah (B) Akbar (C) Babur (D) Jahangir 31) Where did Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar born? (A) Sasaram (B) Amarkot (C) Bengal (D) Multan 32) Who appointed Bairam khan as gaurdian for akbar? (A) Humayun (B) Shershah Sur (C) Jahangir (D) Hemu 33) Mughal rule was re-created in Delhi and Agra by (A) Akbar's Deccan policy (B) Second Battle of Panipat (C) Akbar's Rajput Policy 34 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(D) Din-i-ilahi 34) When was the second battle of panipat fought? (A) 1526 (B) 1556 (C) 1761 (D) 1713 35) Who was the King defeated by Akbar in second battle of panipat? (A) Hemu (B) Sher Shah (C) Poros (D) Bairam khan 36) Which of the following statements is /are wrong? 1) Hemu was killed in the Second Panipat War. 2) Akbar s foster mother maham anaga controlled the affairs for two years.the period of her rule was also known as Petticoat Government 3) BhairMal of jaipur gave his daughter in marriage to Akbar. 4) Akbar annexed the rajput state of gondwana, Rani Durgavathi, offered a stiff resistance, but she was defeated. (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 and 3 only 35 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(C) 1 and 4 only (D) None of these 37) Raja Todar, Raja mansingh, Raja Bhagawan Das, Birbhal is present in whose court? (A) Akbar (B) Jahangir (C) Shah Jahan (D) Aurangzeb 38) Who translated Bhagavata purana into persian? (A) Raja mansingh (B) Raja Bhagavan Das (C) Raja Todar mal (D) Birbal 39) Whois the author of books 'Ain- i -Akbari' and 'Akbar Nama'? (A) Abul Faizi (B) Abul Fazal (C) Birbal (D) Raja Todar 40) By whom the Ramayana and Mahabharata were translated into Persian? (A) Abul Faizi 36 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(B) Abul Fazal (C) Birbal (D) Raja Todar 41) Who was the musician in Akbar's court? (A) Abul Fazal (B) Tansen (C) Abul Faizi (D) Birbal 42) Which of the following statements is / are correct? 1) Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and very tolerant. 2) In 1575, he constructed a building known as Ibadat Khana. 3) He issued famous infallibility Decree which made Akbar as the religious head as well as the king. 4) In 1582 Akbar promulgated a new religion called the Din-I -ilahi / Divine faith. 5) Akbar forced to follow the religion of Din-i-ilahi. (A) 1,2 and 3 (B) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (C) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (D) All of these 43) Who was the forerunner of akbar in the field of land revenue system? 37 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(A) Sher Shah (B) Bairam khan (C) Abul Fazal (D) Abul Faizi 44) Who was the Minister of Revenue for Akbar? (A) Raja Bhagvan Das (B) Raja Tondar mal (C) Birbal (D) Raja mansingh 45) Which of the following statement is/are correct? 1) Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and was very tolerant. 2) Akbar's father was a Sunni muslim while his mother was a shia and his gaurdian was a shia, and sheikh mubarak his tutor was also a shia all these made akbar tolerant towards all religion. (A) 1 and 2 is correct, and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1 (B) 1 and 2 is correct, and statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1 (C) 1 only (D) 2 only 46) Which of the following statement is/are wrong? 1) Survey of land was made and state revenue was fixed as 1/6 of the actual produce. 2) Farmers should pay their taxes in cash only. 38 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
3) The loan was given to the farmers which could be repaid easily by annual installments. 4) Every cultivator was given a patta and were lso required to sign a qubuliyat. (A) 1,2 (B) 2,3 (C) 3,5 (D) 1,4 47)Which system of mughals was the basis of civil and military adninistration of the country? (A) Rayadwari system (B) Mansabdari system (C) Qibilia system (D) Ibadhkhana system 48) Who introduced the Mansabdari system? (A) Jahangir (B) Akbar (C) Shah Jahan (D) Shivaji 49) Why did akbar built Fatehpursikri? (A) In memory of the victory of Bengal 39 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(B) In memory of Gujarat victory (C) In memory of the victory of the Maratha (D) In memory of the victory of Deccan 50) Which of the following statement is/ are wrong about Akbar? (A) He built the buland darwaza gateway, Akbari mahal, jahangiri mahal, panch mahal and jodh bai palace. (B) He died in 1605 at the age of 70. (C) He introduced the Mansabdari system. (D) The Mansabdars were to recruit their troops and help the emperor when required. 51) What is the meaning of Jahangir? (A) Salim (B) Khuram (C) Khusru (D) Arjundev 52) What is the meaning of Jahangir? (A) King of world (B) Conqueror of the world (C) World champion (D) Ruler of the world 40 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
53) Why did jahangir killed 5 th sikh guru arjun dev? (A) Khusru revolted against Jahangir. (B) He supported Khusru. (C) There was hostility between Sikhs and Mughals. (D) Khusru was imprisoned and killed by jahangir. 54) Who visited jahangirs court from england infront of the englands trade administration? (A) William Hawkins (B) Sir Thomas Roe (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these 55) ) In AD 1615 who visited the jahangirs court and got permission to trade at surat? (A) William Hawkins (B) Sir Thomas Roe (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these 56) Which of the following statements is/ are wrong? (A) Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri is the autobiography of Jahangir (B) Jahangir introduced a new justice system called Chain of justice (shah Burji). 41 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(C) Nur Jahan, the original name of Mehr-un-Nisa, was given a title as Nurmahal by shershah. (D) The period from AD 1611 to AD 1626 in Mughal history is known as the "The age of Nur jahan". 57) In which city Jahangir laid out shalimar and nishat gardens? (A) Jammu (B) Srinagar (C) Agra (D) Lahore 58) Which of the following is an example of Jahangir's architecture? (A) Akbar's tomb in Sikhandra (B) The tomb of Itmad-ud- Daula in Agra (C) Great mosque in Lahore (D) All of these 59) The original name of Shah Jahan is (A) Salim (B)Khurram (C) Asif khan (D) Shahriar 60) What is meant by Shah Jahan? (A) The king of the world 42 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(B) Conqueror of the world (C) World champion (D) Ruler of the world 61) Who helped Shah Jahan to come as king? (A) Shahriar (B) Asaf khan (C) Mumtaz (D) Mahabhatkhan 62) Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1) In 1636, Shah Jahan conquered Ahmad City. 2) He sent Mahabat Khan towards deccan to conquer ahmed nagar. 3) Shah Jahan carried three attempts to conquer Kandhar area and captured it. 4) Shah Jahan defeated the rulers of Bijapur and Golkonda. (A) 1,2,3 (B) 1,2,4 (C) 2,3,4 (D) 1,3,4 63) Whose period is known as the Golden Age of Mughal period? (A) Jahangir (B) Shah Jahan (C) Akbar (D) Babur 43 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
64) During whose period the Mughal Empire reached the peak of fame? (A) Jahangir (B) Shah Jahan (C) Akbar (D) Babur 65) Who is known as the Prince of Builders? (A) Jahangir (B) Shah Jahan (C) Akbar (D) Babur 66) Which of the following statement is/are correct? 1) Shahjahan used red stones to constructed palaces. 2) Shah Jahan created a new capital, Shahjahanabad. 3) Shah Jahan created the Red Fort in Delhi. 4) Rang Mahal, Moti Mahal, Muthu Makal, Diwan-I- kham, Diwan-i-Khas were in the Red Fort. (A) 1,2,3 (B) 2, 3, 4 (C) 1, 2, 4 (D) 2, 3 44 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
67) Who built the Jama Masjid? (A) Jahangir (B) Shah Jahan (C) Akbar (D) Babur 68) Which of the following statements is/are wrong? 1) Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal. (B) Taj Mahal Ustad was built under the leadership of Ustad isa. (C) Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the Indus River. (D) Emperor Shah Jahan created the Peacock throne and the valuable Kohinoor Diamond. 69) Who took away the peacock throne in Ad 1739? (A) Nadir shah (B) Mubarak shah (C) Shah Jahan (D) Manucci 70) In which year did aurangazeb imprisoned his father? (A) 1658 (B) 1666 (C) 1707 45 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(D) 1654 71) Who visited India during the reign of Shah Jahan? (A) Bernier (B) Travernier (C) Manucci (D) All of these 72) Who was the Governor of Deccan during the reign of Shah Jahan? (A) DaraShuko (B) Shahshuja (C) Aurangzeb (D) Murad 73) Who is known as Alamgir? (A) DaraShuko (B) Shahshuja (C) Aurangzeb (D) Murad 74) Which of the following statement is correct? 1) Aurangzeb was a pious orthodox sunni muslim. 2) Aurangzeb also loved the non-sunni muslims. 3) Aurangzeb canceled 'Jizya' and 'pilgrimage tax' on non-muslims. 46 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
4) Aurangzeb removed the Hindus from the state service. (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4 75) The Sikh guru killed by Aurangzeb was (A) Eight Sikh Guru (B) Ninth Sikh Guru (C) Tenth Sikh Guru (D) Third Sikh guru 76) What is meant by khalsa? (A) Maratha army structure (B) Sikh military organization (C) Maratha, Sikh, Rajaputra, Wild, and Sadnavis (D) Mughal army 77) Whom did Aurangzeb sent to suppress Shivaji? (A) Vazir (B) Shaista khan (C) Manucci (D) Raja Todar mal 78) What was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal empire? (A) Sikhs and Marathas revolt against Mughals 47 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(B) The ninth Sikh group was killed by Tej Bahadur. (C) Tenth Sikh Guru Gobind Singh made a military base called 'Khalsa'. (D) Deccan cancer killed the aurangazeb. 79) Who created the Sikh religion? (A) Guru Gobind Singh (B) Tej Bahadur (C) Guru Nanak (D) Kabir 80) Who is the tenth Sikh guru? (A) Guru Gobind Singh (B) Tej Bahadur (C) Guru Nanak (D) Kabir 81) Mughal rule is a (A) Democratic rule (B) Military monarchy (C) Monarchy (D) Non-military monarchy 82) Which of the following statement is wrong? 48 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(A) During the Mughal period, the emperor was considered a shadow of God on earth. (B) The emperor was assissted by a council of ministers. The most important among them was the wazir or the prime minister. (C) The Mughal empire was divided into different provinces. (D) Subas were divided into different districts. This was the last section of the administration. 83) Which of the following is arranged in the correct chronological order (A) Government - Provinces - Suba - Parganas - Sarkar - Villages (B) Government - Provinces - Suba - Sarkar - Parganas - Villages (C) Villages - Sarkar - Parganas - Suba - Provinces - Government (D) Villages - Sarkar - Parganas - Government - Provinces - Suba 84) Who is the founder of zabti system? (A) Babur (B) Humayun (C) Akbar (D) Jahangir 85) Which was the important branch of the mughal army? (A) Infantry (B) Cavalry 49 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
(C) Elephantry (D) Artillery 86) Who assisted the king in the judicial administration of the Mughal empire? (A) Wazir (B) Chief Qazi (C) Chief Wazir (D) Khurram 87) Which of the following is not the reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire? 1) The borders of the Mughal Empire were expanded and it was difficult to control the country from the capital Delhi. 2) The absence of the law of primogeniture. 3) Religious policy of Aurangazeb 4) Invasion of Europeans in India. 5) The Mughal army of strength 6) Severe penalties were awarded for crimes. 7) The cases were investigated with the help of Quran. (A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 2, 4, 6 (C) 5, 6, 7 (D) All of these 50 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling
88) Which war ended the afghan rule and paved the way for mughal rule in india? (A) First Battle of panipat (B) Second Battle of Panipat (C) The battle of Chanderi (D) Kanwah War 89) In which war the cannons were used in india? (A) First Battle of panipat (B) Second Battle of Panipat (C) The battle of Chanderi (D) Kanwah War 90) Who was the forefather of Akbar? (A) Babur (B) Sher Shah (C) Bairam Khan (D) Allaudin Khilji 51 www.winmeen.com Learning Leads to Ruling