Introduction to Philosophy Practice Exam One True or False A = True, B= False 1. Epistemology mainly asks us to consider the question, how do we know anything. 2. The objective and subjective aspects of beauty are necessarily interdependent. 3. For Plato, the realm of ideas (the forms) are less real than those things seen in the visible world. 4. Truth is the right relation between our words and our thoughts. 5. All the fundamental values, according to Dr. Adler, are trans-cultural. 6. Wisdom is a special kind of truth, but it is not the same as truth. 7. According to Dr. Adler, pursuit of truth is the deepest human aspiration. 8. Truth in Western cultures is fundamentally different from that of Eastern cultures. 9. Because people were treated differently when the Declaration Of Independence was written, we know that the claim, "All men are created equal" must be relative. 10. Imagination, as such, is neither true nor false. 11. "False knowledge" properly describes the situation where what was once believed to be true turns out to be false, as in, "People used to believe the earth was the center of the universe, so that was false knowledge." 12. The term "blind faith" is redundant, because all faith by definition is blind. 13. There is more than one reality. 14. "False knowledge" is a contradiction in terms. 15. There are two aspects to history; Facts and Interpretation 16. The words, "In my opinion" show that the claim is subjective. 17. In class we proved that no claims can be truly objective, because everybody is different. 18. If you truly believe anything, then it is "true for you." 19. Parmenides was famous for saying, "Whatever is, is." Page 1
20. Heraclitus was a monist. 21. Heraclitus was famous for saying that everything that is, is in a state of flux. 22. One opinion is just as good as any other. 23. Truth is discovered, not created. 24. Inferences are conclusions drawn by the receiver. 25. All normative claims are matters of opinion. Multiple Choice Select the best answer. 26. Who first described the grammar of syllogisms? A. Alexander B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Socrates E. Thales 27. Parmenides and Heraclitus represented two opposite positions in which great debate: A. forms vs. essence B. nature vs. nurture C. The Good vs. Reason D. permanence vs. change 28. Empiricists claim that: A. beliefs cannot be justified. B. knowledge comes through sense experience. C. reason alone can be trusted to provide knowledge. D. we should doubt everything. 29. William James' pragmatic theory of truth is: A. the same as absolute truth B. the idea that truth is whatever works C. the same as Socrates' idea of truth D. also called "the scientific method." 30. That which conveys principles that are true, but are not true in fact is called: A. conversational truth B. poetic truth C. science D. philosophy 31. "Agreement of thought with reality." This is the definition of: A. Truth B. Belief C. Opinion D. Subjectivism E. The Pragmatic Theory of Truth. Page 2
32. Who determines truth? A. No one determines truth. B. Philosophers C. Anyone who wants to. D. Society collectively determines truth. E. Wise people, like politicians, teachers, and other leaders determine truth. 33. Which (or who) of the following describes those who say the universe is many things? A. monist B. atomist C. Thales D. Heraclitus E. All of the above 34. The claims 1)"God exists," and 2) "God does not exist," are: A. 1) logical, 2) illogical B. contradictory C. based soley on blind faith D. hylozoistic E. 1) illogical, 2) logical 35. The term "hylozoistic" describes which of the following: A. the idea that motion is an illusion. B. the relationship between the two sides of the "simili of the line." C. the type of judicial system Socrates faced. D. that which can move itself E. none of the above 36. Ontology is: A. The theory of existence (or being). B. The theory of "ought." C. The theory of knowledge. D. Another name for the Socratic Method. 37. Which of the following are prescriptive/normative claims? (Fill all the bubbles that apply.) A. "We should go to the Giants game tonight." B. "One should never have an abortion." C. "God exists." D. "Taxes should be increased on gasoline." E. "A camel is the ship of the dessert." 38. Pantheism is the belief that: A. God is omnipresent. B. Everything is god. C. God created everything. D. There is no god. E. The universe is made up of many things. Page 3
39. Who said, "You cannot step in the same river twice." A. Heraclitus B. Parmenides C. Zeno D. Socrates E. Plato 40. Zeno used which method of argument? A. Irony B. Reductio ad absurdum C. Relativism D. Rationalization 41. Philosophers' first question is of ultimate reality. This ultimate substance, or stuff is refered to as: A. the archei B. matter C. ozone D. concepts 42. Who determines truth? A. No one determines truth. B. Each individual determines truth. C. Society determines truth. D. Experts determine truth. E. None of the above. 43. Regarding moral truth: A. The truth lies in conformity to right desire. B. The truth lies in what is accepted by the group. C. The truth lies in conformity to what one wants. D. The word "truth" is inappropriate, because morality is subjective. 44. An idea is when they are private, not public. A. Absolute B. Free form C. Innate D. Objective E. Subjective 45. describes that which never, ever changes. A. Objective B. Immutable C. Incapable D. Prevenient Page 4
46. An act that asserts something to be true or false. A. Asking a question B. Making judgments C. Doing research D. Subjectivism 47. "Every claim is either true or false." This is the definition of... A. The law of the excluded middle. B. Subjectivism C. Objectivism D. The categorical imperative 48. Those who claim that everything in the universe is made up of one thing are called... A. Theologians B. Monists C. Determinists D. Skeptics 49. Normative claims are... A. always subjective. B. prescriptive claims dealing with right and wrong behavior. C. never true or false. D. often objective and absolute. E. both b) and d) 50. Acts of the mind that can be objectively true or false. A. Opinion B. Knowledge C. A lie D. A necessarily true belief. E. All of the above Page 5
Answer Key for Test Intro Practice Test 1 Sp15, 2/20/15 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test Correct Answer 1 1 1 T 1 9 2 F 1 11 3 F 1 16 4 T 1 56 5 T 1 57 6 T 1 58 7 T 1 63 8 F 1 64 9 F 1 65 10 T 1 79 11 F 1 75 12 F 1 68 13 F 1 67 14 T 1 66 15 T 1 90 16 F 1 107 17 F 1 106 18 F 1 102 19 T 1 101 20 T 1 100 21 T 1 124 22 F 10 7 23 T 10 8 24 T 10 38 25 F 1 21 26 Aristotle 1 23 27 Permanence vs. change 1 28 28 Knowledge comes through sense experience. 1 60 29 The idea that truth is whatever works 1 59 30 Poetic truth 1 55 31? 1 69 32 No one determines truth 1 71 33 Atomist 1 74 34? 1 77 35 That which moves itself 1 81 36? 1 82 37? 1 83 38? 1 105 39 Heraclitus 1 104 40? 1 122 41 The archei 1 123 42 No one determines truth. 1 136 43? 1 197 44 Subjective 1 208 45 Immutable 1 201 46 Making judgments 1 217 47 Law of the excluded middle 1 218 48 Monists 10 34 49 Both b) and d) 10 22 50 Opinion Page 1