600-1450 REVIEW AFRICA 1. From 1600 to 1450, Muslims exerted influence in all of the following places EXCEPT A. The Hausa city-states B. Ethiopia C. Mali D. The Nubian Kingdoms E. Kanem-Bornu 2. Like Mali, Great Zimbabwe s wealth came from A. regional and long distant trade B. selling slaves to Europeans C. agriculture and farming D. working as mercenaries for larger empires E. herding cattle and selling local goods at markets 3. Which of the following best describes the spread of Islam in sub-saharan Africa? A. Immediate conquest of the entire region B. The systematic takeover of port cities C. The absence of indigenous religions D. Gradual conversion in varies parts of Africa E. Merchants who spread their faith as they traveled along the silk road 4. Examples of customary women s roles in various regions in Africa include all of the following EXCEPT A. Making pottery for use of practical purposes B. Farm work C. Serving as religious leaders D. Selling goods at a market E. Making textiles 5. In sub-saharan Africa the spread of Islam encouraged all of the following EXCEPT A. Literacy in both Arabic and local languages B. The Arabic language becoming the dominant language in sub-saharan Africa C. Literacy among children, particularly sons D. The study of law, science and medicine E. The trading of books as a commodity 6. By 1200, most Africans were making their living by A. Becoming regional traders B. Herding cattle and other animals C. Hunting and gathering D. Farming and other agricultural activities E. Fishing 7. Mali was founded by A. North African Muslims who conquered Mali in the seventh and eight centuries B. The Delhi Sultanate, which extended its rule across the middle East and parts of Africa C. The Ethiopians, who introduced Christianity to the diverse peoples living in West Africa D. An indigenous African dynasty that had earlier converted to Islam through peaceful interaction with Muslims E. An indigenous African Dynasty from southern Africa that conquered the region in the fifteenth century 8. The increase of the elites with wealth from the commercial trading resulted in A. The rise of slaves to serve the elites and the importance of slavery for commerce B. A decrease in the spread of Islam because the religion forbade slavery of any kind C. The decrease in the value of placed on education because merchants did not need to study in order to become wealthy D. A decrease in the spread of Islam because the majority of the Indian Ocean trading merchants practiced Hinduism E. A rise in political conflict over port cities throughout the period 1200-1500
9. Ghana was similar to Mali in that both A. relied on hunting and gathering as the primary sources of food B. were approximately the same size C. controlled critical trans-saharan trading Routes D. were Christian states that rejected Muslim attempts at a conversion E. existed at approximately the same time as powerful empires 10. All of the following are examples of the work performed by African slaves EXCEPT A. serving as eunuchs or concubines in wealthy households B. serving in the military C. mining for valuable minerals D. working as household servants E. working on European-owned plantations in colonize Africa 600-1450 REVIEW The Middle East 11. The mamluks were A. European mercenaries who traveled from the byzantine empire to Jerusalem B. A Turkic nomadic group who migrated to Central Asia and established a independent kingdoms C. Indo-Europeans who converted to Islam in the 9 th century D. A subsect of Islam that developed shortly after Muhammad s death E. Turkic mercenaries in the Abbasid caliphate who rose to control powerful Muslim states 12. All of the following are characteristics of Islam EXCEPT A. a monotheistic belief in one god that must be worshipped as the only god B. a belief in a community of believers unified by their faith above all else C. a tradition of passing down the central teachings of their faith orally D. a spreading of the faith to the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa E. a belief in the importance of prayer, fasting, and charity 13. The caliph A. always ruled over one extended area of land from Spain to India B. was a position that dissolved a short time after Muhammad s death C. was a position passed down through one family that traced its roots to Mecca D. was a position created by the Abbasid family to solidify their rule in Baghdad E. was considered to be the successor of Muhammad as well as a political leader 14. The Sunni/Shi ite split resulted from disagreement over A. whether Muhammad was a god B. the content of the Five Pillars C. the role of the Ka ba in Islam D. who should succeed Muhammad E. to submit to a life of celibacy 15. The word Islam means submission and refers to Muslims obligation A. to submit to the single authority of the caliph B. to submit to the teachers of the ulama C. to complete a pilgrimage to Mecca D. to submit to the will of God in all of life E. to submit to a life of celibacy 16. The group in control of Jerusalem at the time of the Crusades was the A. Mongols B. Persians C. Sufi D. Abbasid caliphate E. Seljuk Turks
17. Cities were important in Islam for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. they were places to learn Arabic B. they were administrative centers for government C. they encouraged the exchange of new ideas D. they were the only places where women could travel freely E. they were central as places of trade 18. The Mongols A. destroyed all knowledge of the intellectual contributions of the Muslim world B. spread the bubonic plague through overland trade routes into Europe C. allied with Europeans to defeat the Abbasid caliphate in 1258 D. defeated the mamluks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 E. never converted to Islam because they disagreed with many Muslim cultural practices 19. The Silk Road flourished under Mongol rule because A. unlike the Muslims, who looked down on merchants, the Mongols encouraged trade B. the Mongols controlled all parts of the Silk Road, which allowed for relatively easy exchange C. the Turks hired Mongol armies to protect the Silk Road D. the Silk Road came into existence only during the period of Mongol rule in Eurasia E. Timur destroyed the Silk Road as part of his conquest, so the only time the Silk Road succeeded as a trading network was under Mongol rule 20. Timur was notable for all the following reasons EXCEPT A. helping to spread Muslim knowledge along the Silk Road B. patronizing Muslim art and learning in a variety of ways C. conquering former Il-khan territories even though he was not a Mongol D. defeating the Ottomans in battle despite the sultan s growing power E. creating the concept of tax farming in the Middle East 600-1450 REVIEW ASIA 21. Which statement best defines the Mongols political relationship to Russia? A. Russia s local economy suffered under Mongol control B. Russia was immediately plundered and pillaged when the Mongols arrived C. Russians were the only group other than the mamluks to defeat the Mongols in battle D. Russian princes were persuaded to cooperate with Mongol khans and thereby maintained some local autonomy E. Russia was united under one tsar, who descended from the Mongols 22. What was the tributary system? A. a labor system that required each family member to send the oldest son to serve in the court of the Chinese emperor B. a requirement that each family in China pay one-tenth of its income to the Chinese emperor C. a system of payment that the Mongols created to control the flow of money in each of their khanates D. gifts given by independent states in East and Southeast Asia to acknowledge the supremacy of China E. a system of waterways that flowed from the center of the Grand Canal to bring water to all parts of China 23. The Tang elite blamed Buddhism for the social upheaval occurring at the end of their empire because A. Buddhism taught that the emperor was inherently evil B. Buddhist followers were required to rebel against the government to prove their loyalty C. Buddhist monks convinced the emperor to adopt Buddhism rather than Confucianism as the model for the state government D. Buddhism had come to China from India and therefore was a foreign influence that went against traditional Confucianist ideals E. Buddhist monasteries were never willing to cooperate with Chinese princes and support their effort to rule
24. The Song Empire contributed to science and technology by A. proving that all Tang innovations were incorrect B. creating a new form of gunpowder C. improving maritime expertise by improving the compass and the junk D. borrowing military techniques with gunpowder form the Europeans E. being the first to use iron and steel weapons 25. The Yuan dynasty was significant for many reasons, including A. establishing the Koryo dynasty in Japan as a puppet government B. playing a significant role in decreasing the Chinese population C. marrying into the Delhi Sultanate in order to dominate the Indian Ocean trade network D. sending Zheng He on voyages to continue to conquer territory for the Mongols E. creating an empire with Genghis Khan as the emperor of China 26. The use of paper money began with the A. Yuan Empire B. Persian Empire C. Tang Empire D. Abbasid caliphate E. Song Empire 27. The innovation of metal movable type began in A. Korea B. India C. Japan D. Annam E. Russia 28. Both the Mongols and Yongle s Ming Empire A. based all political appointments on the Confucian examination system B. made Beijing the capital of their empires C. engaged in trade only with their fellow Muslims D. expanded the Great Wall to keep foreigners out E. were wary of establishing close trade relations with South and Southeast Asia 29. One result of the Mongols attempted invasions of Japan was A. the death of the Japanese emperor B. a civil war in Japan C. the unification of Korea and Japan in order to fight the Mongols D. Japanese lords surrendering to the Mongols E. Protection of Japanese resources and temporary unification of Japanese lords 30. The Indian Ocean trade network A. was a significant trade route but brought wealth only to the coast of East Africa B. brought wealth to the Delhi Sultanate and furthered its interest in economic growth C. was primarily used by Christians from eastern Europe and the Mediterranean regions D. was controlled by the Mongols beginning with Khubilai Khan in the 13 th century E. was controlled jointly by the Delhi Sultanate and the Abbasid caliphate
600-1450 REVIEW EUROPE 31. Which of the following is an accurate depiction of the experiences of women in Christendom in the period 600-1450? A. byzantine women continued to have the same freedoms that they had experienced in the Roman Empire B. arranged marriages disappeared as courtly love became valued in western European culture C. the Catholic Church refused to allow women to enter the monastic life after reaching childbearing age D. noblewomen in particular were closely monitored in terms of behavior and personal relationships, and the majority of women were expected to marry E. no woman in western Europe or the Byzantine Empire was allowed to own property or have any sort of political authority 32. The investiture controversy primarily concerned conflicts A. between the eastern and western churches regarding territorial right B. between the pope and the patriarch of Constantinople over the sacking of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade C. between the pope and the kings of western Europe over who had the authority to appoint bishops D. between the Byzantine emperor and the kings of western Europe over territorial boundaries E. between the pope and the bishops of western Europe over whether bishops had the right to be vassals 33. The Orthodox Church and the Latin Church A. were united under the pope, who appointed the patriarch of Constantinople to rule as his representative B. formally split at the same time that the roman Empire split into the Byzantine Empire and feudal Europe C. met in a series of council meeting to decide what parts of Europe would be Orthodox and what parts would be Catholic in order to avoid competition D. worked closely with the Muslim empire to fight against the Mongol invasions of the 13 th centuries E. formally split over doctrinal disputes in the 11 th century but still united to fight together in the Crusades 34. The vassal relationship A. was a complex system of sworn military alliances in exchange for fiefs B. required a knight to swear allegiance to a lord or king in return for money and titles C. never became a central part of the feudal system and did not last beyond the eleventh century D. required lords to send their eldest sons to the courts of the kings for military service E. required a knight to swear allegiance to only one lord throughout his entire life without exception 35. Manor life A. was similar to the labor systems of the roman Empire in that free laborers received land in exchange for their service B. created a localized, basic, and self-sufficient agricultural economy that kept serfs protected C. was based on system of free labor in exchange for protection and allowed peasants to move freely between the town and manor D. was a way of life that first began in the Byzantine Empire and then spread to western Europe E. was no affected by the black Death, and serfdom continued unchanged up through the Renaissance 36. The Byzantine Empire A. was cut off from trading opportunities with the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade network B. became feudal and agricultural society like its European neighbors to the west C. built on the Roman imperial model but followed Greek cultural and religious traditions D. maintained a strong political and military presence in the region until the time of the Ottomans E. joined forces with the Muslim empires to destroy Kievan Russia 37. The causes of the Crusades include all of the following EXCEPT A. the need for younger sons to gain other opportunities for wealth B. the conquest of Byzantine lands by Muslim empires C. the belief that Muslim rulers were defiling the Holy Land D. the economic motives of burgeoning trading cities like Venice to gain more ports E. Muslim anger over the Norman conquest of Sicily and the defeat of the Muslims at the Battle of Tours
38. Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire differed politically because A. western Europe maintained more of the political traditions of the Roman Empire B. the Byzantine Empire maintained more of the political traditions of the Germanic peoples C. the Byzantine Empire gave political and religious authority to a patriarch while western Europe gave it to the pope D. the Byzantine Empire maintained a centralized government while western Europe broke apart into localized political entities E. the Byzantine Empire defeated western Europe and unified its politically fragmented feudal system 39. Economics in western Europe changed in the later medieval period by A. allowing for more social mobility because of the end of serfdom and the rise of urban job opportunities B. allowing women to own property for the first time and participate in long-distance trade C. creating one center of sea trade around the Baltic Sea under the control of the Hanseatic league D. gaining control of the Indian Ocean trade network by sending out Viking explorers E. refusing to accept trading goods from the Muslim world after the crusades 40. Kievan Russia A. adopted the manor system from the Byzantine Empire and the feudal system from western Europe B. based its economic wealth on trade and traded extensively with the Byzantine Empire C. conquered Muslim territories around the Baltic Sea to extend its regional control D. accepted Roman Catholicism as the faith of the regions and welcomed Catholic missionaries E. fought on the side of the Muslims in the Crusades because of a rivalry with the Byzantine Empire 600-1450 REVIEW THE AMERICAS 41. Cities in Mesoamerican and Andean societies A. did not contain large architectural structures because of the lack of technologies such as the wheel B. were only large enough to accommodate the homes of the military and political elites C. usually stood on the outskirts of the empire because of their role as centers for religious ritual D. were able to provide the food to feed all of their inhabitants and therefore did not need outside land for agriculture E. were richly decorated political centers that also played central religious and economic roles 42. Characteristics of Mesoamerican societies included A. one unified political authority that ruled over the whole region B. the use of khipus for recordkeeping and other administrative uses C. shared cultural and social characteristics as well as religious rituals D. an empire that extended from North America to South America 43. Religion influenced societies in the Americas because A. it caused constant conflict between the priestly class and the political elites over who had more authority in society B. it undermined the stability of societies because each clan worshiped different gods C. its monotheistic characteristics allowed for all societies in the Americas to worship the same god D. it created societies with complex rituals of worship that included sacrifice and were often designed to validate the political authority of rulers E. women were the primary leaders in religious ceremonies, unlike other patriarchal societies of the world from 600-1450 44. Women s roles in Amerindian societies included all of the following EXCEPT A. making crafts, including textiles and pottery B. domestic household duties and childrearing C. participating in religious ritual both privately and publicly, depending on class D. various tasks for agricultural production E. serving as the sole determinant of family lineage
45. Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations differed because A. the Inca placed no importance on creating a calendar B. Andean societies had no form of writing C. Inca priests did not make astronomical observations D. The Andean region could not engage in long-distance trade because of the harsh climate E. Cuzco was much larger the Tenochtitlan in terms of population 46. The geography and environment of the Andean region A. required societies to use a variety of innovative methods including terraced farming, animal domestication, and longdistance trade to meet all their needs B. allowed societies to do very little because the climate was naturally suited to produce ideal agricultural conditions C. did not necessitate the use of planned labor systems like the ayllu system used by the Aztec D. formed one type of ecological zone that was challenging because of the dominance of the Andes mountains E. had little influence on those living there in comparison to the impact of the environment on those living in Mesoamerica 47. Which of the following similarities did the Aztec and Inca NOT share? A. both relied on public displays of large-scale human sacrifice of war captives B. both believed military conquest was a requirement for an incoming political leader C. both worshiped the sun as an important deity D. both relied on tribute extracted from conquered regions and peoples E. both relied on military control that required large, well-trained armies 48. Northern peoples in the Americas A. used maize, beans, and squash as dietary staples, as did Mesoamerican peoples B. left archaeological evidence of empires as large as the Incas C. were subject people of the Aztecs during the height of the Aztec Empire D. experienced political developments similar to those of Mesoamericans but had different cultural traditions E. were not able to engage in long-distance trade 49. The Aztecs A. had a loose social structure that allowed for the lower classes to influence political decisions B. placed the merchant class above the military in terms of their importance to society C. originated as nomadic mercenaries and later founded a settled empire D. ruled from the twin capitals of Tual and Tlatelolco E. conquered the Toltec and adapted many of their political practices 50. The Maya A. created one politically unified territory of hereditary rulers that created rival kingdoms and lasted until European conquest B. were matrilineal and had a long history of female rulers, who were considered to be goddesses C. were unable to develop successful irrigation techniques needed to farm land and therefore relied on long-distance trade for food D. made valuable intellectual contributions in the areas of math and astronomy that improved Mesoamerican calendar systems E. did not practice human sacrifice a rarely participated in bloodletting rituals