http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pimage?41353+0+0 Gospels 1.205 - MGVHoffman The Gospel according to JOHN s Gospel is the one, fine, true, and chief gospel, and is far, far to be preferred over the other three and placed high above them. Martin Luther Resources for Studying the Gospel of by Felix Just http://catholic-resources.org// The Gospel according to Who? Beloved Disciple = author? Literary device (beloved disciple as reader)? Lazarus? - 11.3,5,36: "Lord, he whom you love is ill." of Zebedee? - 13.23; 19.26; 20.2; 21.7,20: One of his disciples -- the one whom Jesus loved -- was reclining next to him No explicit reference in the Gospel to son of Zebedee (21.2) Tradition of and Mary (19.26) Thomas (the Twin)? Relation to () the Elder of Johannine Letters (2 1.1; 3 1.1) Relation to of Revelation (1.1, 4, 9; 22.8) The Gospel according to When? Stages of composition Early: 40-70CE - Jewish Xns within synagogue Middle: 70-80CE - Xns and synagogue in tension Late: 80-100CE - Xns over against synagogue >> ~90CE Oral, unorganized collection of Jesus words and deeds Distinctive units shaped through decades of preaching/teaching (Signs Gospel?) Units organized consecutively Redactions Final editing: Add chs 15-17, 21 The Gospel according to Where? Traditional: Ephesus Galilee? Syria? Alexandria? and the Synoptics 1
Prologue (1:1-18) and the Synoptics Material ONLY in Wedding at Cana (2:1-12) Dialogue with Nicodemus (2:23 3:21) Samaritan Woman at the Well (4:1-42) Healing of a Sick Man at Pool of Bethesda (5:1-18) Bread of Life Discourse (6:22-65) [Woman caught in Adultery (7:53 8:11)] Giving Sight to a Man Born Blind (9:1-41) Raising of Lazarus (11:1-44) and the Synoptics Material ONLY in Washing of the Disciples Feet (13:1-20) Last Supper Discourses, including "Paraclete" & "Vine and Branches" The "Disciple Whom Jesus Loved" Great Prayer of Jesus (17:1-26) New Details at the Crucifixion (19:20-24, 26-28, 30-37, 39) Resurrection Appearance to Mary Magdalene alone Resurrection Appearance to Thomas (20:24-29) Resurrection Appearance at the Sea of Galilee and the Synoptics Material different in compared to Synoptics Synoptics Jesus ministry lasts about one year Only One Journey to Jerusalem First Disciples Jesus calls directly are Simon & Andrew, James & Temple cleansing one week before Jesus death Jesus ministry begins after the Baptist s arrest Anointing at Bethany by anonymous woman, and objection by anonymous people Jesus ministry spans three Passovers (2:13; 6:4; 11:55) Multiple Journeys to Jerusalem First Disciples are Andrew, an anonymous second one, Simon Peter, Philipp, Nathanael (1:35-51) Temple cleansing at the beginning of Jesus ministry (2:13ff) Jesus ministry overlaps with (3:22-24) Anointing at Bethany by Lazarus sister Mary, and objection by Judas Iscariot and the Synoptics Material different in compared to Synoptics Synoptics Last Supper is the Passover Meal, and Jesus is crucified on the Day of Passover Many miracles but few longer speeches Opponents of Jesus include Sadducees, Herodians, etc. Love your neighbors; Love you enemies Peter is the first and most prominent of the "apostles" Future Eschatology (Imminent) Main focus: Kingdom of God Last Supper is before the Passover (13:1; 18:28), and Jesus dies on the Preparation Day before Passover Only a few "signs" but several long monologues and dialogues Jesus opponents are usually called "the Jews" or "the world" Love one another (focus within the community) Martha of Bethany, Mary Magdalene, and the "Beloved Disciple" are more prominent as "disciples" Realized Eschatology (Present) Main focus: Eternal Life Outline of Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος Introduction / Prologue: 1.1-18 Book of Signs: 1.19-12.50 Book of Glory: 13.1-20.31 Conclusion: 20.30-31 Epilogue: 21.1-25 http://catholic-resources.org//outlines-gospel.htm 1.1-18 18 καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 2
1.1-18 18 Pre-existence of Christ Incarnation Two natures divine & human of Christ To all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God. (1.12) 1.20-51 Jesus and the Baptist Ιδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴνἁμαρτίαντοῦκόσμου. οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι in Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! http://catholic-resources.org//themes-jews.htm http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/eurptg/14pc_dipaolo.html The Jews in Specifically and only to the "Jewish leaders and authorities," rather than to the people as a whole Only or mainly to the people living in the geographical territory of Judea, that is, "the Judeans To all members (or some or any in general) of the ethnic/religious group of people still called "Jews" today Signs in σημει ον 2:11, 18, 23; 3:2; 4:48, 54; 6:2, 14, 26, 30; 7:31; 9:16; 10:41; 11:47; 12:18, 37; 20:30 Cana: Jesus did this, the first of his signs Healing official s son: Now this was the second sign that Jesus did 4:48 Then Jesus said to him, "Unless you see signs and wonders you will not believe." (6.26) 20:30-31 Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book. But these are written so that you may come to believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through believing you may have life in his name. 3
The Last Supper and Crucifixion in http://catholic-resources.org/bible/jesus_death.htm For both Synoptics and : Passover is on 15 Nisan On Thursday evening, Jesus had a last supper with his disciples and later was arrested On Friday, Jesus was tried and crucified and buried late that afternoon On Saturday: Sabbath rest On Sunday morning, women/disciples go to the tomb The Last Supper and Crucifixion in http://catholic-resources.org/bible/jesus_death.htm The difference between Synoptics and 15 Nisan is on Friday >> Last Supper is a Passover meal Jesus crucified on Passover 15 Nisan is on Saturday >> Last supper is not a Passover meal Jesus crucified on the Day of Preparation when Passover lambs were slaughtered It is finished. Grunewald Resurrection Woman, here is your son Here is your mother. I am thirsty. Noli me tangere. μή μου ἅπτου 3:30 He must increase, but I must decrease. http://www.abcgallery.com/p/poussin/poussin88.jpg 20.24-29 29 Doubting Thomas "My Lord and my God! "Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe." http://www.c-vonaesch.ch/jean20site.jpg 20.30-31 31 Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book. But these are written so that you may come to believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through believing you may have life in his name. http://www.c-vonaesch.ch/jean20site.jpg 4
as a Two-Level Story 1. Story located in time of Jesus 2. Story located in Johannine community 9 as an example of Johannine writing style 1:19-21 This is the testimony given by when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, "Who are you?" 20 He confessed and did not deny it, but confessed, "I am not the Messiah." 21 And they asked him, "What then? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I am not." "Are you the prophet?" He answered, "No." Mark 8:27-29 Jesus asked his disciples, "Who do people say that I am?" 28 And they answered him, " the Baptist; and others, Elijah; and still others, one of the prophets." 29 He asked them, "But who do you say that I am?" Peter answered him, "You are the Messiah." 1:29-34 The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him and declared, "Here is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! 30 This is he of whom I said, 'After me comes a man who ranks ahead of me because he was before me.' 31 I myself did not know him; but I came baptizing with water for this reason, that he might be revealed to Israel." 32 And testified, "I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it remained on him. 33 I myself did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize with water said to me, 'He on whom you see the Spirit descend and remain is the one who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.' 34 And I myself have seen and have testified that this is the Son of God." 3:26-30 26 They came to and said to him, "Rabbi, the one who was with you across the Jordan, to whom you testified, here he is baptizing, and all are going to him." 27 answered, "No one can receive anything except what has been given from heaven. 28 You yourselves are my witnesses that I said, 'I am not the Messiah, but I have been sent ahead of him.' 29 He who has the bride is the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom's voice. For this reason my joy has been fulfilled. 30 He must increase, but I must decrease." 10:41-42 Many came to [Jesus], and they were saying, " performed no sign, but everything that said about this man was true." And many believed in him there. Acts 18:24-26 Now there came to Ephesus a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria. He was an eloquent man, well-versed in the scriptures. 25 He had been instructed in the Way of the Lord; and he spoke with burning enthusiasm and taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, though he knew only the baptism of. 26 He began to speak boldly in the synagogue; but when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained the Way of God to him more accurately. 5
Acts 19:1-6 While Apollos was in Corinth, Paul passed through the interior regions and came to Ephesus, where he found some disciples. 2 He said to them, "Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you became believers?" They replied, "No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit." 3 Then he said, "Into what then were you baptized?" They answered, "Into 's baptism." 4 Paul said, " baptized with the baptism of repentance, telling the people to believe in the one who was to come after him, that is, in Jesus." 5 On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 6 When Paul had laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. as a Two-Level Story 1. Story located in time of Jesus There was a relationship between and Jesus that may have been somewhat competitive 2. Story located in Johannine community There are disciples of the Baptist who are somewhat in competition to the disciples of Jesus 6