TEST BANK. to accompany. Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan CIVILIZATIONS. Past and Present. Twelfth Edition

TEST BANK to accompany Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan CIVILIZATIONS Past and Present Twelfth Edition Susan Hellert University of Wisconsin, Platteville New York Boston San Francisco London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal

Test Bank to accompany Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan, Civilizations Past and Present, Twelfth Edition Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN: 0-205-58890-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-58890-9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 OPM 10 09 08 07 ii

Contents Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and Earliest Civlizations of the Near East 1 Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 20 Chapter 3 Early Indian Civilizations 31 Chapter 4 Greece 42 Chapter 5 Roman Civilization 55 Chapter 6 The Eastern Mediterranean Word, 300-750 C.E. 73 Chapter 7 The Islamic World, 800-1300 C.E. 85 Chapter 8 African Beginnings 92 Chapter 9 The Formation of Christian Europe 100 Chapter 10 Culture, Power, and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220-1350 117 Chapter 11 The Americas to 1500 133 Chapter 12 The Great Dynastic Empires of Eurasia, 1300-1650 142 Chapter 13 East Asian Cultural and Political Systems, 1300-1650 150 Chapter 14 European Cultural and Religious Transformations 158 Chapter 15 State Development in Europe 178 Chapter 16 Global Encounters 192 Chapter 17 Absolutism and Limited Central Power in Europe, 1650-1774 208 Chapter 18 New Ideas and Their Political Consequences 227 Chapter 19 Africa in the World Economy, 1650-1850 242 Chapter 20 Asian and the Middle Eastern Empires and Nations, 1860-1815 250 Chapter 21 The Americas, 1650-1825 263 Chapter 22 Industrialization 271 Chapter 23 Europe, 1815-1914 288 Chapter 24 Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism 311 Chapter 25 Imperialism and Modernity in Asia and the Pacific, 1815-1914 324 Chapter 26 The Americas, 1825-1914 333 Chapter 27 World War I and Its Economic and Political Consequences 342 Chapter 28 The Failure of the Liberal Model and the Rise of Authoritarianism 359

Chapter 29 Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950 375 Chapter 30 National Movements and the Drive for Independence in the Middle East and Africa from the 1920s to 1950s 383 Chapter 31 World War II 394 Chapter 32 Europe and the United States Since 1945 408 Chapter 33 The Middle East and Africa Since 1945 426 Chapter 34 Latin America since 1910 438 Chapter 35 Asia and the South Pacific Since 1945 446 Chapter 36 Into the Twenty-first Century 459

Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and the Earliest Civilizations of the Near East 1) The earliest prehuman species thus far discovered is called A) Homo sapiens. B) Australopithecus. C) Homo habilis. D) Neanderthal man. E) Homo erectus. Page Ref: 4 2) The first use of fire is attributed to A) Homo habilis. B) Cro-Magnon man. C) Neanderthal man. D) Australopithecus. E) Homo erectus. Page Ref: 4 3) Neanderthal man lived primarily in A) North America. B) Europe. C) Arabia D) Java. E) China. Page Ref: 5 4) All of the following are true of Neanderthal man EXCEPT A) they were able hunters. B) they were well suited for colder climates. C) they wore clothes. D) they were the same height as modern man. E) they invented tools. Page Ref: 5 5) Which of the following do present-day humans most closely resemble? A) Cro-Magnon man B) Homo erectus C) Homo habilis D) Australopithecus E) Neanderthal man Page Ref: 6 1

6) Humankind has created patterns of behavior and learning termed A) religion. B) culture. C) clans. D) civilization. E) language. Page Ref: 6 7) ʺPaleolithic cultureʺ refers to A) the use of iron. B) the development of bronze tools. C) the use of stone tools. D) the use of agriculture. Page Ref: 6 8) The terms ʺutilization,ʺ ʺfashioning,ʺ and ʺstandardizationʺ describe stages of the A) human invention of tools. B) growth of agriculture. C) evolution of the human brain. D) creation of an empire. E) development of specialization of labor. Page Ref: 6-7 9) The earliest-known works of art are paintings on A) the walls of caves. B) woven fabrics. C) animal skins. D) burial artifacts. E) bark. Page Ref: 7 10) The transition of human beings from a food-gathering to a food-producing economy occurred during the Age. A) Iron B) Bronze C) Paleolithic D) Neolithic E) Mesolithic Page Ref: 7 2

11) The Fertile Crescent is an area located A) on the Arabian peninsula. B) from the Nile River to the Tigris River and beyond to the Persian Gulf. C) along the Upper Nile. D) south through Egypt to Nubia. E) along the Mediterranean Sea. Page Ref: 7 12) The best-preserved village of the Neolithic Age has been found in modern-day A) Turkey. B) Persia. C) China. D) Egypt. E) India. Page Ref: 7 13) Womenʹs responsibilities during the Neolithic Period included A) gathering food B) weaving textiles. C) cultivating fields. D) spinning flax and wool. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 8 14) The most basic and universal unit of human social relationships is the A) clan. B) tribe. C) totem. D) family. E) village. Page Ref: 8 15) Examples of totemism exist today A) in fraternal groups. B) in sports organizations. C) in military insignia. D) in school mascots. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 8 16) In preliterate societies, justice meant A) maintaining equilibrium within the group. B) adhering to the dictates of the tribal chief. C) following moral commandments. D) never requiring the death of a society member. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 8 3

17) A form of primitive religion that regarded all objects in nature as inhabited by ʺspiritsʺ is called A) polythesim. B) science. C) black magic. D) monotheism. E) animism. Page Ref: 8 18) Primitive religion utilized magic A) rarely. B) only through female members of the clan. C) to obtain favors from the spirits. D) to threaten opposition. E) to govern. Page Ref: 9 19) Science during the Stone Age A) involved little more than use of magic B) involved the construction of astronomical structures. C) was nonexistent. D) was concerned only with the afterlife. Page Ref: 10 20) All of the following apply to the development of human civilization EXCEPT A) tool making. B) hunting and gathering. C) political systems. D) specialization of labor. E) writing. Page Ref: 10 21) All of the following are attributes of a civilization EXCEPT A) urban settlement. B) writing. C) hunting and gathering. D) labor specialization. E) religious hierarchy. Page Ref: 10 4

22) The word ʺMesopotamiaʺ is derived from the Greek word meaning A) dry land. B) land near the mountains. C) land between the rivers. D) unknown land. E) land near the sea. Page Ref: 10 23) The four earliest civilizations arose A) in river valleys. B) in sheltered mountain caves. C) by the seashores. D) near desert oases. E) in isolation from other peoples. Page Ref: 10 24) The area of the first great civilizations where rainfall was adequate to grow grain and grazing animals could find sufficient food is A) the Arabian Peninsula. B) the Nile River Valley. C) the Fertile Crescent. D) the Levant. E) Turkey. Page Ref: 10 25) Bronze is an alloy (combination) of A) copper and zinc. B) iron and copper. C) copper and tin. D) iron and copper. E) gold and silver. Page Ref: 10 26) Which of the following was NOT invented in early Mesopotamia? A) printing B) the potterʹs wheel C) the sailboat D) the wheel E) all of the above Page Ref: 11 5

27) The prehistoric or protoliterate era refers to A) the agricultural revolution. B) the era after writing had occurred. C) the Minoan Culture. D) the times before 2800 B.C.E. E) the times before 1000 C.E. Page Ref: 11 28) The people who founded the first civilization in Mesopotamia were called A) Sumerians. B) Nubians. C) Persians. D) Babylonians. E) Assyrians. Page Ref: 11 29) The first mechanical device invented was the A) potterʹs wheel. B) windmill. C) water loom D) sail. E) spinning wheel. Page Ref: 11 30) Writing materials used in ancient Mesopotamia usually included A) paints or ink. B) parchment made from animal skins. C) paper made from linen. D) papyrus. E) clay tablets. Page Ref: 11 31) The Sumerian language A) stimulated Egyptians to develop a script of their own. B) was the source of Semitic languages. C) evolved on the Arabian peninsula. D) was the source of Indo-European languages. E) began in the region of the Black Sea. Page Ref: 11 6

32) Using pictographs for ideas as well as things first evolved in A) Palestine. B) Assyria. C) Sumer. D) Egypt. E) Phoenicia. Page Ref: 11 33) The type of government found in the earliest Mesopotamian cities could best be described as A) an assembly of elders. B) theocracy. C) military dictatorship. D) absolute monarchy. E) democracy. Page Ref: 11 34) In the early Mesopotamian city-states, land A) was controlled by the temples. B) belonged to the priests. C) belonged exclusively to the king. D) was divided between the temples and large private estates. E) mostly belonged to small farmers. Page Ref: 11 35) The very powerful nobles or landowners in early Mesopotamian culture were called A) clients. B) lugals. C) ensi. D) tyrants. E) ziggurats. Page Ref: 11 36) The development of strong kingship in Sumerian cities was usually associated with A) popular revolt against oppression. B) the enslavement of the poorer classes. C) foreign invasion. D) a dominant priesthood. E) militarism and conquest. Page Ref: 12 7

37) Slavery in Mesopotamia A) involved only conquered peoples. B) was less humane than other places and times in history. C) was based on race. D) was more humane than other places and times in history. E) was nonexistent. Page Ref: 12 38) The Semitic peoples who migrated into Mesopotamia originated in A) the highlands of Iran. B) Egypt. C) the Arabian deserts. D) Asia Minor. Page Ref: 13 39) Which of the following is often credited with establishing ʺthe worldʹs first empireʺ? A) Thutmose III of Egypt B) Cyrus the Great of Persia C) Urukagina of Lagash D) Sargon I of Akkad E) Hammurabi of Chaldea Page Ref: 13 40) The northern region of Mesopotamia is known as A) Assyria. B) Ur. C) Sumer. D) Palestine. E) Akkad. Page Ref: 13 41) During the ʺneo-Sumerian periodʺ at the end of the third millennium B.C.E., the dominant city of lower Mesopotamia was A) Nineveh. B) Minerva. C) Lagash. D) Ur. E) Babylon. Page Ref: 13 8

42) Sumer and its leading urban center ceased to be dominant factors in Mesopotamia about 2000 B.C.E. when A) the poor rose up in revolt and destroyed the city. B) a catastrophic flood destroyed the city. C) Elamites from the region of present-day Iran destroyed the city. D) the Hittites from the north invaded and sacked the kingdom. E) an unknown event destroyed the city. Page Ref: 13 43) Babylonian dominance over much of Mesopotamia was established by A) Assyria. B) Hammurabi. C) Urukagina. D) Gilgamesh. E) Sargon. Page Ref: 14 44) Hammurabi is best known for his A) collection of literary works. B) code of laws. C) monotheistic religion. D) conquest of Egypt. E) spectacular gardens. Page Ref: 14 45) The Babylonians made advances in mathematics, including A) a system of counting based on the unit 60; still used for time and angles. B) quadratic equations. C) fractions. D) square and cube roots. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 14 46) The Babylonians made advances in science, including new theories on A) a sun-centered universe. B) the rotation of the earth. C) gravity. D) astronomy. Page Ref: 14 9

47) In the, the oldest existing literary work, a king strives for power and immortality. A) Dead Sea Scrolls B) Epic of Gilgamesh C) Egyptian Book of the Dead D) Psalms E) Bible Page Ref: 15 48) Mesopotamian religion as developed by the Sumerians and the Babylonians did NOT include a belief that A) the gods controlled nature. B) future events might be foretold. C) humans were immortal beings. D) humans were vulnerable to evil demons. E) rewards for good behavior came during, not after, life. Page Ref: 15 49) Mesopotamian religion held that only could protect humans from evil spirits. A) faith B) human sacrifice C) priests D) good deeds E) rituals and omens Page Ref: 16 50) The pattern of disunity and warfare in Mesopotamia reasserted itself in 1595 B.C.E., when the destroyed Babylon. A) Hebrews B) Egyptians C) Assyrians D) Philistines E) Hittites Page Ref: 16 51) The annual flooding of the Nile River reaches its crest in A) summer. B) winter. C) autumn. D) spring. Page Ref: 16 10

52) The Predynastic Period of Egyptian history ended when A) the Sumerians conquered Egypt. B) Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt. C) a famine caused a revolt. D) a religious leader established a theocracy. E) the leader of Thebes conquered the entire Nile Valley. Page Ref: 17 53) The form of government that existed under the Old Kingdom of Egypt might best be described as a(n) A) military dictatorship. B) tribal assembly. C) absolute monarchy. D) theocracy. E) democracy. Page Ref: 17 54) Under the Old Kingdom of Egypt, land A) belonged to the temples. B) belonged to the pharaoh (king). C) was owned partly by priests and partly by nobles. D) was owned by powerful land lords. E) mostly belonged to small farmers. Page Ref: 17 55) A dynasty refers to A) a minister of state. B) a belief in many gods. C) a goddess who represented balance and harmony. D) the Kemet. E) a series of rulers who belong to the same family. Page Ref: 17 56) All of the following provided the Egyptians with a sense of security unknown in Mesopotamia EXCEPT A) belief in a god-king. B) belief that the welfare of the people rested on devotion to the pharaoh. C) reliable flooding of the Nile. D) universal male military training. E) natural obstructions to invasion. Page Ref: 17 11

57) The purpose of the pyramids of Egypt was to A) worship the sun. B) bury kings. C) provide places of safety when the Nile flooded. D) store grain. E) provide high places for worshiping the gods. Page Ref: 17 58) The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt emphasized A) pyramid building. B) religion. C) public works and benefits for the masses. D) benefits for the temples. E) rewarding the nobility. Page Ref: 17 59) In the 18th century B.C.E., Egypt was invaded, and lower Egypt occupied, by a people called the A) Persians. B) Nubians. C) Hyksos. D) Hebrews. E) Assyrians. Page Ref: 17 60) During the reign of the Hyksos, all of the following occurred in Egypt EXCEPT A) introduction of the horse and chariot. B) abolition of the pharaoh. C) extended trading networks. D) maintenance of the same architectural styles. Page Ref: 18 61) The greatest conquering pharaoh of the New Kingdom was A) Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton). B) Tutankhamen. C) Hatshepsut. D) Thutmose III. E) Menes. Page Ref: 18 12

62) Hatshepsutʹs reign of Egypt was unusual because A) there were no foreign invasions. B) the pharaoh established a strong middle class. C) Egypt conquered Palestine and Babylon. D) the pharaoh was female. E) Egypt suffered massive famines. Page Ref: 18 63) Obelisks A) commemorate the reign of Thutmose III. B) are priests. C) proclaim the worship of Amon. D) are burial chambers for pharaohs. E) no longer exist. Page Ref: 18 64) The New Kingdom declined when Amenhotep III A) failed to defeat the Hyksos. B) restored the capital at Thebes. C) allowed Egypt to be occupied by Semitic peoples. D) died without an heir. E) provoked religious opposition by worshipping Aton, the sun disk. Page Ref: 18 65) In the 13th century B.C.E., the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II A) witnessed the rapid decline of Egypt. B) was a period of national grandeur. C) failed to contribute to the building of lasting monuments. D) controlled the priests of Amon. E) lost Palestine. Page Ref: 19 66) During the Third Intermediate Period, Egypt experienced all of the following EXCEPT A) the Amon priesthood was crushed. B) the creation of the first Egyptian navy. C) the Libyans moved into central Egypt. D) a revival of ancient artistic and literary forms. E) becoming a province of the Assyrians. Page Ref: 19 13

67) The people whose conquest in 525 B.C.E. ended Egyptian independence in the ancient world were the A) Nubians. B) Hebrews. C) Persians. D) Greeks. E) Kush. Page Ref: 20 68) The Kingdom of Kush or Nubia is in present-day A) Sudan. B) Egypt. C) Saudi Arabia. D) Ethiopia. E) Palestine. Page Ref: 20 69) While the Egyptian pharaoh enjoyed absolute power, the social stratification allowed a rise in status based on A) military service. B) education. C) marriage. D) birth status. E) religious service. Page Ref: 20 70) Egyptʹs influences on Kush included A) burial practices. B) architecture. C) art. D) language. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 21 71) The Egyptian trading network included all of the following EXCEPT A) the Persian Gulf. B) the Red Sea. C) the Mediterranean Sea. D) the Nile River. Page Ref: 22-23 14

72) All of the following were exports of Egypt EXCEPT A) linen. B) wheat. C) papyrus. D) copper. E) gold. Page Ref: 22 73) The idea of an afterlife and the belief that salvation was achieved by good conduct in this life were ideas associated with the worship of A) Seth. B) Akhenaton. C) Amon. D) Osiris. E) the Feather of Truth. Page Ref: 22 74) Akhenaton broke with Egyptian religious beliefs by stressing A) prayers for well-being. B) a preparation for the afterlife. C) non-existence of an afterlife. D) one omnipotent creator. E) beliefs in many gods. Page Ref: 23 75) Egyptian accomplishments in science included A) the solar calendar. B) multiplication tables. C) anesthetic. D) true scientific methodology. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 24 76) The temples of Karnak and Luxor at Thebes were constructed during the A) Period of Decadence. B) New Kingdom. C) Old Kingdom. D) Middle Kingdom. E) First Intermediate Period. Page Ref: 25 77) Egyptian art lacked A) religious themes. B) color. C) realism. D) perspective. Page Ref: 25 15

78) The earliest known work of Egyptian literature is A) The Book of the Dead. B) the Pyramid Texts. C) Hymn to the Sun. D) the Ode to the Pharaoh. E) the temple inscription at Karnak. Page Ref: 25 79) Which of the following was NOT an original achievement of the Hittites? A) a written Indo-European language B) the use of cuneiform script C) the use of iron D) the horse-drawn chariot E) none of the above Page Ref: 26 80) What disrupted the stable regimes of the eastern Mediterranean for the two centuries following 1200 B.C.E.? A) the revival of the Sumerian civilization B) natural disasters C) the fall of the Egyptians D) raiding and displaced peoples E) the rise of the Hittites Page Ref: 26 81) Which of the following was NOT considered one of the Sea Peoples? A) Sicilians B) Sardinians C) Philistines D) Etruscans E) Hittites Page Ref: 26 82) Phoenicians lived in what present-day country? A) Iraq B) Iran C) Israel D) Lebanon E) Turkey Page Ref: 27 83) The Phoenician culture is LEAST significant for its accomplishments in A) shipbuilding. B) manufacturing. C) literature and art. D) trade. E) devising an alphabet. Page Ref: 28 16

84) The main contributions of the Hebrews included A) diplomacy and war. B) religion and ethics. C) art. D) architecture. E) science and inventions. Page Ref: 28 85) The history of the Hebrews is found in A) The Book of the Dead. B) the Bible. C) the Epic of Gilgamesh. D) The New Testament. Page Ref: 28 86) Israelite judges included A) Joseph. B) Abraham. C) Moses. D) Deborah. E) Isaac. Page Ref: 29 87) Israel reached its height in worldly might and splendor during the reign of A) Solomon. B) Abraham. C) Saul. D) David. Page Ref: 30 88) The Hebrew Kingdom of Judah was captured by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E., resulting in all the following EXCEPT A) the building of Jewish synagogues. B) the rebuilding of Jerusalem. C) the destruction of Jerusalem. D) the Babylonian Captivity. Page Ref: 30 17

89) In 70 C.E., the Diaspora of the Jews by the Romans A) sent the Jews from their homeland. B) allowed the influence of Greco-Roman culture on the Jews. C) ended the political entity of the Jews until the 20th century. D) did not destroy Judaism. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 30 90) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Assyrian Empire? A) lack of trade B) an efficient system of communications C) strong monarchs D) strong military E) unification of weak and unstable regions of Mesopotamia Page Ref: 32 91) Lydians invented A) cement. B) coinage. C) the plow. D) an alphabet. E) bronze. Page Ref: 32 92) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world during the reign of A) Gilgamesh. B) Ishtar. C) Saul. D) Hammurabi. E) Nebuchadnezzar. Page Ref: 33 93) The greatest conqueror in the history of the Ancient Near East must be considered King A) Thutmose III of Egypt. B) Solomon of Israel. C) Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. D) Cyrus the Great of Persia. Page Ref: 33 18

94) Which of the following was LEAST characteristic of the Persian Empire and civilization? A) efficiency in governmental administration B) efficient postal system C) a uniform coinage and promotion of trade D) persecution of racial minorities E) the practice of an ethical religion Page Ref: 34 95) Zoroaster founded a religion A) establishing ethical precepts. B) worshipping the Magi priests. C) including idol worship. D) that no longer exists. E) based on animism. Page Ref: 35 19

Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 1) Neolithic farming in China developed within the watersheds of the A) Amur and Volga. B) Mekong and Indus. C) Yangzi and Mekong. D) Mekong and Ganges. E) Yangzi and Huanghe. Page Ref: 40 2) Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of Chinaʹs geography? A) Three mountain ranges run from North to South. B) The Huanghe or the Yellow River caused loess deposits to be made due to flooding. C) The major rivers of China begin in Tibet. D) Two main regional cultures emerged by the Neolithic Era. E) China has eight different ecosystems. Page Ref: 40 3) Chinaʹs geography A) united it politically. B) isolated it from other centers of civilization. C) lacked the great river valleys around which the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed. D) lacked arable land to support agriculture. E) played no major role in Chinaʹs development. Page Ref: 40 4) The people of Neolithic China had all of the following in common EXCEPT A) walled towns. B) domesticated animals. C) metallurgy. D) oracle bones. E) pottery making. Page Ref: 41 5) The Five Sovereigns were A) mythical kings who ruled before dynastic succession was established. B) the gods of the Neolithic Chinese. C) ancient land lords who protected the common people from invasion. D) the first five dynasties in China. Page Ref: 42 20

6) Chinaʹs first dynasty was the A) Manchu. B) Ming. C) Chou. D) Shang. E) Han. Page Ref: 42 7) Bronze metallurgy during Chinaʹs Shang dynasty A) produced intricate works of art. B) did not exist. C) declined in importance. D) was used only for agricultural tools. E) became an important element of religious rituals. Page Ref: 42 8) The Shang writing system of China differed from other ancient writing systems in that A) words were never associated with sounds. B) it has disappeared, having no influence on the modern Chinese writing system. C) most writing was recorded on clay tablets. D) it was only capable of representing physical and observable objects. E) each word was represented by a different character. Page Ref: 43 9) Oracle bones were used during the Shang dynasty to A) commemorate the rule of each emperor. B) communicate with the ancestral spirits. C) finance trade with other peoples. D) record military victories. Page Ref: 43 10) All of the following are characteristics of the Shang dynasty EXCEPT A) the power of the nobles rested on land ownership. B) religion maintained social order. C) women were required to be passive and submissive. D) the kingʹs religious and secular powers were separate. E) peasants had little mobility. Page Ref: 43-44 11) The Mandate of Heaven concept A) forged a bond between the ruler and his subjects. B) dissolved with the defeat of the Shang by the Zhou. C) introduced the concept of necessary approval for a particular dynasty from the cosmos in order to rule. D) institutionalized the Chinese belief in one all-powerful god. E) had begun before the Shang dynasty. Page Ref: 45 21

12) The Zhou dynasty established a feudal system of government that A) ignored local leaders. B) was ruled from one central location absolutely. C) emphasized the rule of the local priests. D) allowed women and peasants legal rights. E) gave local authority to powerful nobles in exchange for their loyalty. Page Ref: 45-46 13) The key to the longevity of the Zhou dynasty was A) the efficiency of its feudal system of government. B) the selection of rulers through democratic processes. C) the absence of barbarian attacks. D) its establishment of a classless society. E) the power of its military. Page Ref: 46 14) Which of the following dynasties was the longest in Chinese history? A) Shang B) Han C) Zhou D) Ming E) none of the above Page Ref: 46 15) A key achievement of the Zhou period was the development of A) bronze tool-making. B) iron production. C) writing. D) rice cultivation. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 46 16) Ancestor worship A) involved human and animal sacrifice. B) continued during the Zhou dynasty. C) never involved formal rituals. D) failed to embrace the majority of Chinese. E) involved only the lowest class. Page Ref: 46 22

17) The Zhou dynasty introduced or perfected A) an improved economic level for merchant and artisan classes. B) the use of coins. C) canal construction. D) poetry collections. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 45-46 18) Yin and Yang refer to A) emperors of the Shang dynasty. B) family household gods. C) burial rituals of the Shang period. D) major rivers systems of China. E) conflicting forces within the universe. Page Ref: 47 19) All of the following illustrate contributions of the Zhou dynasty EXCEPT A) gunpowder. B) the art of horseback riding. C) the construction of defensive walls. D) new military uniforms. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 46-47 20) Confuciusʹs primary concern was to A) restore Chinaʹs economic prosperity. B) reconcile the physical and spiritual worlds. C) explain the roles of death and afterlife. D) bring spiritual morality to China. E) improve Chinese society. Page Ref: 48 21) Confucius was a contemporary of all the following EXCEPT A) Buddha. B) Zoroaster. C) the Classical Greek philosophers. D) Abraham. Page Ref: 48 23

22) The principle of li in Chinese life expresses A) a kingʹs right to suppress all challenges to authority. B) the demand that loyalty to the ruler supercedes loyalty to family. C) prosperity, manners, and sacred rituals. D) a code of honor and chivalry for the nobility in both war and peace. E) the right of the Chinese people to rebel against government oppression. Page Ref: 48 23) Confuciusʹs view of society was A) democratic. B) chaotic. C) theocratic. D) liberal. E) hierarchical. Page Ref: 49 24) Confucius believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the A) peasants. B) priests. C) nobility. D) individual citizen. E) ruler. Page Ref: 49 25) According to Mencius A) the welfare of the people was secondary to the welfare of the ruler. B) all people are morally equal. C) people had the right to express their political views. D) all people are by nature evil. E) people had the right to rebel against rulers who lost the Mandate of Heaven. Page Ref: 50 26) Menciusʹs contributions to Confucianism were his attacks on individualism and his advocacy that government A) possesses the responsibility for the welfare of its people. B) must be based on violence to force the compliance of its people. C) should be chosen by its people. D) must establish strict laws. Page Ref: 50 24

27) Daoists believed A) political involvement of all people is essential. B) one must constantly strive to improve society. C) books are of primary importance. D) action is better than inaction. E) intuition, not reason, is the true source of knowledge. Page Ref: 52 28) The ultimate goal of Legalism was A) benevolence toward the rulerʹs subjects. B) the expulsion of foreign invaders. C) an elaborate system of laws with fixed penalties. D) the establishment of a moral society. E) economic progress. Page Ref: 52 29) The essence of Daoism is A) escape from this world through union with the Absolute Reality. B) a life in conformity with nature. C) the pursuit of all things pleasurable to the senses. D) an attempt to better society through involvement in government. E) all of the above. Page Ref: 52 30) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the philosophers of the Warring States? A) response to the brutality of war B) left no permanent record C) diverse cultural and regional environments D) became the ʺClassicsʺ or the heart of Chinese philosophy E) ability to transcend their time and place Page Ref: 52 31) A key feature of the legalist Qin dynasty was A) Daoism. B) constant warfare and anarchy. C) a continuation of feudalism. D) the development and use of overwhelming power. E) its reliance on moral virtue. Page Ref: 53 25

32) The chief economic reform of the Qin dynasty was to A) open new territories to Chinaʹs crowded population. B) rescue the impoverished feudal nobility. C) take land from the nobility and give ownership to the peasants. D) shift agriculture to rice cultivation. E) implement a tax on the nobility. Page Ref: 53 33) All of the following were achievements of the Qin dynasty EXCEPT it A) emphasized Confucianism. B) freed the serfs. C) constructed public works projects. D) implemented a universal draft. E) expanded the realm of China into South China to Vietnam. Page Ref: 53 34) The Qin dynastyʹs economic growth was due to all of the following EXCEPT A) emphasizing intellectual conformity. B) the construction of highways and canals. C) the completion of the Great Wall of China. D) a unified currency. E) the standardization of the written language. Page Ref: 53-54 35) Education during the Qin dynasty A) allowed open discourse. B) remained within families. C) was nonexistent. D) rested on the teaching of approved texts and interpretations. E) emphasized the Confucian Classics. Page Ref: 55 36) The death of the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 210 B.C.E. resulted in A) civil war. B) the establishment of a military regime for the next 30 years. C) succession by his eldest son, who maintained a strong empire. D) foreign conquest. Page Ref: 55 26