THE ZIONIST IDEA A Historical Analysis and Reader EDITED AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION, AN AFTERWORD AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES by Arthur Hertzberg The Jewish Publication Society Philadelphia and Jerusalem
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I \ INTRODUCTION I Part 1: Precursors i o i RABBI YEHUD AH ALKALAI 1798-1878 102 THE THIRD REDEMPTION (1843) I O RABBI ZVIHIRSCH KALISCHER i J95-i 874 108 SEEKING ZION (1862) III A Natural Beginning of the Redemption 111 The Holiness of Labor on the Land 113 MOSES HESS 1812-187^ 116 ROME AND JERUSALEM (1862) 119 My Way of Return 119 German Anti-Semitism and Jewish Assimilation 1 2 o The Reawakening of the Nations 1 2 1 What is Judaism!- 123 The Mission of Israel 127 The Nation as Part of Humanity 128 The Sabbath of History 130 Toward the Jewish Restoration 132
Comments 1. JEWISH CREATIVITY 2. PREJUDICE AND DOGMA AND THE RESTORATION 3. A CHANGE OF SPIRIT 4. SOCIAL REGENERATION 5. A SPIRITUAL CENTER Part 2: Outcry in Russia the 1870's and 1880's 141 PERETZ SMOLENSKIN 1842-1885 IT IS TIME TO PLANT (187^-1877) LET US SEARCH OUR WAYS (1881) THE HASKALAH OF BERLIN (1883) ELIEZER BEN-YEHUDAH 1858-1923 A LETTER OF BEN-YEHUDAH (1880) MOSHE LEIB LILIENBLUM 1843-1910 THE WAY OF RETURN (1881) LET US NOT CONFUSE THE ISSUES (1882) THE FUTURE OF OUR PEOPLE (1883) LEOPINSKER 1821-1891 178 AUTO-EMANCIPATION: AN APPEAL TO HIS PEOPLE BY A RUSSIAN JEW (1882) l8l Summary 198 Part 3: Headlong into the World Arena Theodor Herzl Appears 199 THEODORHERZL 1860-1904 FIRST ENTRY IN HIS DIARY (1895)
THE JEWISH STATE (1896) Preface Chapter 1; Introduction Chapter 2: The Jewish Question PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS AT A SOLUTION CAUSES OF ANTI-SEMITISM EFFECTS OF ANTI-SEMITISM THE PLAN PALESTINE OR ARGENTINA? Conclusion FIRST CONGRESS ADDRESS (1897) AFTER A MASS MEETING IN THE EAST END (1896) 204 204 207 215 217 218 219 220 222 223 226 231 AXNORDAU 1849-192 3 232 SPEECH TO THE FIRST ZIONIST CONGRESS (1897) 23S ZIONISM (1902) 242 Part 4: The Agnostic Rabbi Ahad Ha-Am 247 AHADHA-AM(ASHERZVIGLNSBERG) 1856-1927 248 THE LAW OF THE HEART (1894) 251 FLESH AND SPIRIT (1904) 256 ON NATIONALISM AND RELIGION (1910) 26l THE JEWISH STATE AND THE JEWISH PROBLEM (1897) 262 THE NEGATION OF THE DIASPORA (1909) 270 HAYYIM NAHMAN BIALIK 1873-1934 278 BIALIK ON THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY (1925) 28l
Part 5: Rebels at Their Most Defiant 289 MICAH JOSEPH BERDICHEVSKI 1865-1921 290 WRECKING AND BUILDING (1900-1903) 293 IN TWO DIRECTIONS (1900-1903) 295 THE QUESTION OF CULTURE (1900-1903) 297 THE QUESTION OF OUR PAST (1900 1903) 299 ON SANCTITY (1899) 301 JOSEPH HAYYIM BRENNER 1881-1921 304 SELF-CRITICISM (1914) 307 JACOB KLATZKLN 188 2-1948 314 BOUNDARIES (1914-1921) 316 Judaism Is Nationalism 316 A Nation Must Have Its Own Land and Language 318 Assimilation Is Possible 320 The Galut Is Unworthy of Survival 322 THE GALUT FALSIFIES OUR NATIONAL CHARACTER 32 2 THE GALUT IS CORRUPTING OUR HUMAN CHARACTER AND DIGNITY 323 The Galut Must Be Preserved Long Enough To Be Transcended 324 The National Renaissance and Personal Dignity 325 Part 6: The Zionism of Marxist and Utopian Socialists 329 NAHMAN SYRKIN 1867-1924 330 THE JEWISH PROBLEM AND THE SOCIALIST-JEWISH STATE (1898) 333
1. Jews and Gentiles 333 2. Emancipation and Anti-Semitism 336 3. Jews and Socialism 340 4. Zionism 345. The Socialist-Jewish State 349 BERBOROCHOV 1881-1917 352 THE NATIONAL QUESTION AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE (190^) 355 OUR PLATFORM (1906) 360 AARON DAVID GORDON 1856-192 2 368 LOGIC FOR THE FUTURE (1910) 371 PEOPLE AND LABOR (1911) 372 SOME OBSERVATIONS (191 1) 375 OUR TASKS AHEAD (1920) 379 YOM KIPPUR (1921) 383 FINAL REFLECTIONS (1921) 384 BERL KATZENELSON 18 8 7-1944 388 REVOLUTION AND TRADITION (1934) 390 Part 7: Religious Nationalists, Old and New 397 RABBI SAMUEL MOHILEVER 18 24-1898 398 MESSAGE TO THE FIRST ZIONIST CONGRESS (1897) 4OI YEHLEL MICHAEL PINES 1842-1912 406 ON RELIGIOUS REFORMS (i 868 1 87 1) 409 The Religious Idea 409 Methods in Reforms 410 JEWISH NATIONALISM CANNOT BE SECULAR (1895) 411
RELIGION IS THE SOURCE OF JEWISH NATIONALISM (189J) 412 JEWS WILL ACCEPT HARDSHIP ONLY IN THE HOLY LAND (1892) 414 RABBI ABRAHAM ISAAC KOOK 1865-1935 416 THE LAND OF ISRAEL (1910-1930) 419 THE WAR (1910 1930) 422 THE REBIRTH OF ISRAEL (1910-1930) 424 LIGHTS FOR REBIRTH (1910-1930) 427 SAMUEL HAYYIM LANDAU 1892-192 8. 43 2 TOWARD AN EXPLANATION OF OUR IDEOLOGY (1924) 434 JUDAH LEON MAGNES 1877-1948 440 "LIKE ALL THE NATIONS?" (1930) 443 MARTIN BUBER 1887-1965 450 THE JEW IN THE WORLD (1934) 453 HEBREW HUMANISM (1942) 457 FROM AN OPEN LETTER TO MAHATMA GANDHI (1939) 463 Part 8: Intellectuals in Search of Roots 467 BERNARD LAZARE 1865-1903 468 JEWISH NATIONALISM AND EMANCIPATION (1897-1899) 47 I EDMONDFLEG 1874-1963 478 WHY I AM A JEW (1927) 480 LUDWIGLEWISOHN 1883-1955 486 A YEAR OF CRISIS (1933) 488
Part 9: In the New World 493 RICHARD JAMES HORATIO GOTTHELL1862-1936494 THE AIMS OF ZIONISM (1898) 496 SOLOMON SCHECHTER 1847-1915 502 ZIONISM: A STATEMENT (1906) 504 LOUIS DEMBITZ BRANDEIS 1856-1941 514 THE JEWISH PROBLEM AND HOW TO SOLVE IT (191^) 517 HORACE MAYER KALLEN 1882-1974 524 JEWISH LIFE IS NATIONAL AND SECULAR (1918) 526 ZIONISM AND LIBERALISM (1919) 528 JEWISH UNITY (1933) 531 MORDECAIMENAHEM KAPLAN born 1881 534 THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN JEW (1948) 536 No Jewish Homeland without Judaism in the Diaspora 536 The Negation of Jewish Life in the Diaspora 539 The Need of a Twofold Norm for Jewish Life 541 Educational Aim in Terms of Tradition and Social Structure 542 Part 10: Ideologists in Action 545 RABBI MEIR BAR-ILAN (BERLIN) 1880-1949 546 WHAT KIND OF LIFE SHOULD WE CREATE IN ERETZ ISRAEL? (1922) 548 VLADIMIR JABOTINSKY 1880-1940 556 EVIDENCE SUBMITTED TO THE PALESTINE ROYAL COMMISSION (1937) 559
CHAIMWEIZMANN 1874-1952 572 ZIONISM NEEDS A LIVING CONTENT (1914) 575 REMINISCENCES (1927) 578 ON THE REPORT OF THE PALESTINE COMMISSION (1937) 583 RABBI ABBA HILLEL SILVER 1893-1963 590 TOWARD AMERICAN JEWISH UNITY (1943) 592 AMERICAN JEWRY IN WAR AND AFTER (1944) 600 DAVID BEN-GURION 1886-1973 604 THE IMPERATIVES OF THE JEWISH REVOLUTION (1944) 606 AFTERWORD 62 1 NOTES 637 A NOTE ON SOURCES 646 SOURCES 647