Argumentative Writing 9th Grade - English Language Arts Ms. Weaver - Qrtr 3/4
Unit Objectives IWBAT - Write an argumentative essay that supports claims in an analysis of a topic and uses valid reasoning, relevant, and sufficient evidence from texts. - Analyze how authors develop an argument with reasons, evidence, and rhetoric.
Procedures for Today -Please be respectful of your peers when they are talking and sharing (keep your comments positive!) -Please work diligently by yourself and with your peers -Give your best effort!
Today s Objectives - Identify Claim, Reasons, Evidence & Explanations, Counterclaim, Rebuttal in mentor texts.
What IS an argument?
What is an An argument is a claim supported by evidence. argument? A claim is an assertion of the truth of something.
Why is argument SO important?
Because I want to WIN an argument!
- So you don t get fooled, tricked, or lied to! Evaluating an argument - As a critical reader, you should not accept anything on face value - Recognize every argument that someone makes must be carefully evaluated.
To read and writing argument is to: - Question the validity of other people s claims - Are their claims supported by credible evidence?
GLO: Complex Thinker - To think critically and deeply about your opinions and values - To assess the validity of your own thinking - What is controlling my argument: emotions or logical reasoning? - To anticipate counterclaims in opposition to your own assertions. - What will others say to disagree with me? - How can I effectively win my argument against another person?
But remember......be respectful when you argue!
Why is learning argument important for Social Justice? (Art Showcase: April 20) - Whose voice is being heard? - Whose argument is being heard? - Who is being allowed to argue, challenge authority, and stand up for their rights?
Real World Examples of Building an Argument Arguments are used for many purposes: - Political Debates between candidates - Lawyers defending a client - Concerned citizens at a community meeting - Activist organizations - Resolving conflict in relationships - Diplomatic disputes between countries (Think: the UN)
Arguments in written form In written form, argumentative writing is used - To change the reader s point of view - To bring about some action of the reader s part - Ask the reader to accept the writer s explanation or evaluation of a concept, issue, or problem - An argument is a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that the writer s position, belief, or conclusion is valid.
How do I build an argument?
Components of an argument 1. Start with a precise claim 2. Strengthen with data & facts
Claim - Expresses your position or stand on the issue (YOUR OPINION ON A TOPIC) - States precisely what you believe (and perhaps WHY you believe it) - This is the viewpoint you want readers to accept or the action you want readers to take - The claim is in essence your thesis statement (aka main point)
Reasons - Reasons support your claim (claim=thesis=your OPINION ON A TOPIC) - The explanation and justification of your claim - Reasons answer the Why and the How Come? - Logical and rational reasons win arguments - Reasons must always be supported with evidence or examples
Evidence - Proof that your reasons and claim are accurate and believable - Evidence often includes: statistics, interviews, quotes, examples, anecdotes, data, etc. - Credibility is essential in finding appropriate evidence. Evidence should be: - Relevant to the topic - Provided by credible source (an expert in the field) - Reputable (e.g. contact information is available, up-to-date source, etc.)
Explanations - Provide an explanation of how your evidence supports your point
Counterclaim & Rebuttal Counterclaims (aka Counter-argument / Counter-point / Opposition / Concessions) - Recognizes and addresses opinions that may oppose your claim - (you recognize the other side(s) of the argument!) - Understands differing viewpoints - (acknowledges that the other side has some validity!)
Counterclaim & Rebuttal Rebuttal (aka Refutations ) - Refutes differing viewpoints with logical evidence and reasons - Uses the opposition s reasons to win your own argument (e.g. finding areas of weakness or irrational logic in their argument to strengthen your own) - Get them to see your side!
Student Sample #1: Are School Uniforms Really That Bad? 1. Highlight the article using a color coding system: Green: Claim/Opinion Statement Yellow: Reasons that support claim/opinion statement Pink: Counterclaim Underline or another color - evidence/facts/research to support
Student Sample #1: Are School Uniforms Really That Bad? 2. Number the reasons and put a star by the strongest reason provided. 3.Keep as an example! Tape/glue in your notebook.
Your turn! Student Sample #2: Hang Up and Drive 1. Highlight the article using the same color coding system: Green: Claim/Opinion Statement Yellow: Reasons that support claim/opinion statement Pink: Counterclaim Underline or another color - evidence/facts/research to support
Student Sample Two: Hang Up and Drive
Appeals to Audience - Aristotle developed three appeals to audience that are often utilized in arguments. - The appeals offer ways for writers to reach the audience and help the audience understand their argument: Ethos: Credibility Pathos: Emotions Logos: Logic
Ethos - Authoritative - Trustworthy / Honesty - Knowledgeable - Experienced - Fair and evenhanded - Shared values - Respect - Goes hand-in-hand with logos
Pathos - Descriptive/figurative language - Pulls on the heartstrings - Often used to persuade/take action - Can be used to enhance logical appeals - Don t go overboard - be honest
Logos - Logic - Facts/hard evidence - Statistics - Credible testimony - Examples - Logical Reasons - Ethos is linked to logos