Lincoln: Speeches & Writings 1832 1858 Contents *Denotes verbatim newspaper accounts of speeches, reprinted here in fall, that are known to be incomplete. To the People of Sangamo County, March 9, I832.. To the Editor of the Sangamo Journal, June I3, I836. s To Robert Allen, June 2I, I836... 6 To Mary S. Owens, December I3, I836 7 Speech in the Illinois Legislature on the State Bank, January II, I837........... 9 Protest in the Illinois Legislature on Slavery, March 3, I837....... 18 To Mary S. Owens, May 1, I837.. 18 To Mary S. Owens, August I6, I837 19 Second Reply to James Adams, October IS, I837. 21 Address to the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois, January 27, I838........... 28 To Mrs. Orville H. Browning, April I, I838. 37 To William Butler, January 26, I839. 40 To William Butler, February I, I839. 41 To William S. Wait, March 2, I839. 42 Speech on the Sub-Treasury at Springfield, Illinois, December 26, I839......... 44 Plan of Campaign in I840, c. January I840 65 To John T. Stuart, January 20, I840... 66 To Andrew McCormick, c. December I840-January I84I. 67 To John T. Stuart, January 20, I84I ix 68
x CONTENTS To John T. Stuart) January 23) I84I 68 To Joshua F. Speed) June I9) I84I. To Mary Speed) September 27) I84I. To Joshua F. Speed) c. early January I/J42. To Joshua F. Speed) February 3) I/J42. To Joshua F. Speed) February I3) I/J42 Address to the Washington Temperance Society of Springfield) Illinois) February 22) I/J42 To Joshua F. Speed) February 25) I/J42 To Joshua F. Speed) February 25) I/J42 To Joshua F. Speed) March 27) I/J42 To Joshua F. Speed) July 4, I/J42.. The "Rebecca)) Letter) August 27, I/J42. To James Shields) September I7) I/J42.. Duel Instructions to Elias H. Merryman) September I9) I/J42...... To Joshua F. Speed) October 5) I/J42. To James S. Irwin) November 2) I/J42. To Samuel D. Marshall) November II) I842 To Richard S. Thomas) February I4, I843. To Joshua F. Speed) March 24, I843. To Martin S. Morris) March 26, I843. To Martin S. Morris) April I4, I843 To Joshua F. Speed) May IS) I843. To Williamson Durley) October 3) I845. To Benjamin F. James) November I7) I845. 73 76 78 79 8I 90 9I 92 94 96 IOI 102 103 104 105 105 I06 I06 108 109 III 113
CONTENTS To Henry E. Dummer, November I8, I84S. To Benjamin F. James, November 24, I84S. To Benjamin F. James, December 6, I84S ri n3 n4 n5 To Robert Boal, January 7, I846.... n6 To Benjamin F. James, January I6, I846 To John]. Hardin, January I9, I846.. n7 n7 "My Childhood-Home I See Again/, c. February I846. 120 To John]. Hardin, February 7, I846.. 123 To Benjamin F. James, February 9, I846 129 To Andrew Johnston, February 24, I846. 130 Remarkable Case of Arrest for Murder, April IS, I846. 130 To Andrew Johnston, April I8, I846........ 137 Handbill Replying to Charges of Infidelity, July 3I, I846. 139 To Allen N. Ford, August II, I846... 140 To Andrew Johnston, September 6, I846. 141 To Joshua F. Speed, October 22, I846.. 143 To Andrew Johnston, February 25, I847. 145 c'the Bear Hunt/, before February 2s, I847. 147 Fragments on the Tari.ff, c. August I846-December I847. 149 "Spot)) Resolutions in the U.S. House of Representatives, December 22, I847......... 158 To William H. Herndon, January 8, I848..... 160 Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on the War with Mexico, January I2, I848. 161 To Jonathan R. Diller, January I9, I848. 171 To William H. Herndon, February I, I848 172
XII CONTENTS To William H. Herndon, February 2, IS# 174 To Josephus Hewett, February I3, IS#.. 174 To William H. Herndon, February IS, IS#. 175 To Thomas S. Flournoy, February I7, IS# 176 To Usher F. Linder, February 20, IS#. 177 To Solomon Lincoln, March 6, IS#. 177 To Usher F. Linder, March 22, IS#. 178 To David Lincoln, April 2, IS#... 180 To Mary Todd Lincoln, April I6, IS# 181 To Archibald Williams, April 30, IS# 183 To John M. Peck, May 2I, IS#... 183 To William H. Herndon, June I2, IS#. 185 To Mary Todd Lincoln, June I2, IS#.. 186 Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on Internal Improvements, June 20, IS# 187 To William H. Herndon, June 22, IS#. 199 To Horace Greeley, June 27, IS#. 201 To Mary Todd Lincoln, July 2, IS# 202 To William H. Herndon, July Io, IS#. 203 To William H. Herndon, July II, IS#. 204 Speech in the U.S. House of Representatives on the Presidential Question, July 21, IS# 205 To William Schouler, August 28, IS#..... 221 Fragment on Niagara Falls, late September I84S? 222 To Thomas Lincoln and John D. Johnston, December 24, IS#................ 224
CONTENTS Xlll To Walter Davis, January 5, 1849... 225 To William H. Herndon, January 5, 1849. 226 To C. U. Schlater, January 5, 1849.... 226 Proposal in the U.S. House of Representatives for Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia, January 10, 1849 227 To David Davis, February 12) 1849. 229 To Joshua F. Speed) February 20) 1849 230 To Charles R. l*llesj February 20) 1849 231 To William B. Warren and Others) April 7J 1849. 232 To William B. Preston) April 20) 1849 232 To Josiah M. Lucas) April 25) 1849.. 233 To William B. Preston) May 16) 1849. 234 To Duff Green) May 18) 1849.. 235 To Joseph Gillespie) May 19) 1849. 236 To Elisha Embree) May 25) 1849. 236 To Josiah B. Herrick) June 3, 1849. 237 To Thomas Ewing) June 22) 1849 237 To Joseph Gillespie) July I3J 1849. 238 To Joseph Gillespie) July 13) 1849. 238 To John M. Clayton) July 28) 1849. 240 To John M. Clayton) August 21) 1849. 241 To John M. Clayton) September 16) 1849 241 To John Addison) September 27) 1849. 242 To Thomas Ewing) September 27) 1849 242 To Thomas Ewing) October 13) 1849. 242 To George W. Rives) December 15) 1849. 243
XIV CONTENTS To John D. Johnston, February 23, ISso..... 244 To the Editors of the Illinois Journal, June s, ISso. 244 Notes on the Practice of Law, ISso?..... 245 Eulogy on Zachary Taylor at Chicago, Illinois, July 2S, ISSO.......... 247 To John D. Johnston, January I2, ISSI 255 To Andrew McCallen, July 4, ISSI.. 256 To John D. Johnston, November 4, ISSI. 256 To John D. Johnston, November 9, ISSI. 257 To John D. Johnston, November 2s, ISSI. 258 Eulogy on Henry Clay at Springfield, Illinois, July 6, ISS2 259 Speech to the Scott Club of Springfield, Illinois, August I4 and 26, ISS2...... 273 To Charles R. Welles, September 27, ISS2 297 To Lewis M. Hays, October 21, ISS2.. 298 To Thompson R. Webber, September I2, ISS3. 298 To Mason Brayman, October 3, ISS3 299 To James F. Joy, January 2s, ISS4 299 To Jesse Lincoln, April I, IS54.. 299 Fragments on Government, IS54?. 301 Fragment on Slavery, IS54?... 303 To John M. Palmer, September 7, ISS4 303 To Richard J. Oglesby, September s, ISS4. 304 Editorial in the Illinois Journal, September II, ISS4. 305 Speech on the Kansas-Nebraska Act at Peoria, Illinois, October I6, ISS4................. 307
CONTENTS XV To Charles Hoyt1 November I01 I854.. 348 To Jonathan Y. Scammon1 November w1 I854 348 To Jacob Harding1 November II1 I854... 349 To Noah W. Matheny1 November 251 I854. 349 To Ichabod Codding1 November 271 I854 349 To Hugh Lemaster1 November 291 I854. 350 To Joseph Gillespie1 December I1 I854.. 350 To Elihu B. Washburne1 December II1 I854 351 To Elihu B. Washburne1 December I4, I854 352 To Elihu B. Washburne1 December [January] 6, I855 352 To Richard Yates1 January I4, I855.... 354 To Elihu B. Washburne1 February 91 I8SS. 355 To William H. Henderson1 February 2I1 I8SS 357 To Owen Lovejoy1 August II1 I855.. 357 To George Robertson1 August I51 I855. 359 To Joshua F. Speed1 August 24, I855 360 To Isham Reavis1 November 51 I855. 364 To Richard P. Morgan1 February I31 I856. 364 To George P. Floyd1 February 2I1 I856.. 365 Speech at Bloomington1 Illinois1 May 291 I856 365 To Lyman Trumbull1 June 7, I856. 366 To Lyman Trumbull1 June 271 I856 367 To David Davis1 July 11 I856. 367 To James Berdan1 July Io1 I856 368 To James W. Grimes1 July I21 I856. 368
XVl CONTENTS On Sectionalism, c. July 18s6.... 370 To Lyman Trumbull, August 1I 1 I8s6 374 Speech at Kalamazoo, Michigan 1 August 27 1 I8S6. 376 Letter to Fillmore Men 1 September 8, 18s6. 382 To Henry 0 1 Conner 1 September 14, I8S6. 383 To Julian M. Sturtevant 1 September 27, I8S6. 384 On Stephen Douglas 1 c. December 18s6... 384 *Portion of Speech at Republican Banquet in Chicago, Illinois 1 December IO, I8s6........... 385 Notes for Speech at Chicago, Illinois 1 February 28 1 18g. 387 To Newton Deming and Gem;ge P Strong 1 May 2s 1 I8S7. 388 On the Dred Scott Case, June? I8S7......... 388 Speech on the Dred Scott Decision at Springfield 1 Illinois 1 June 26 1 I8S7........... 390 To James W. Grimes, after August I4, I8S7... 403 Speech to the Jury in the Rock Island Bridge Case, Chicago 1 Illinois, September 22 and 23 1 I8S7 404 On the Republican Party 1 c. November I8S7. 4n To Lyman Trumbull1 November 30, I8S7 412 Draft of a Speech 1 c. late December 18g 412 To Lyman Trumbull 1 December 28, 18g 419 To Owen Lovejoy, March 8, 18s8... 419 To Ozias M. Hatch, March 24, I8S8. 420 To Elihu B. Washburne, April 26 1 I8s8. 420 To Jediah F. Alexander 1 May IS 1 I8s8 421 To Elihu B. Washburne 1 May 27, I8S8 422
CONTENTS XVU To Stephen A. Hurlbut) June I) I8S8. 423 To Charles L. Wilson) June I) I8S8. 423 To Samuel Wilkinson) June IO) I8S8 424 "House Divided)) Speech at Springfield) Illinois) June I6) I8S8....... 426 To John L. Scripps) June 23) I8S8.. 434 To Lyman Trumbull) June 23) I8S8 435 To Joseph Medill) June 2s) I8S8.. 436 Fragment on the Struggle Against Slavery) c. July I8S8 437 Speech at Chicago) Illinois) July IO) I8S8. 439 To Gustave P. Koerner) July IS) I8s8.. 459 Speech at Springfield) Illinois) July I7) I8S8. 460 To John Mathers) July 20) I8S8... 479 To Stephen A. Douglas) July 24, I8S8. 479 To Joseph Gillespie) July 2s) I8S8.. 480 To Gustave P. Koerner, July 2s) I8S8 480 To Stephen A. Douglas) July 29) I8S8. 481 To Henry Asbury) July 3I) I8S8... 483 To Stephen A. Douglas) July 3I) I8S8. 483 On Slavery and Democracy) I8s8?.. 484 To Jediah F. Alexander) August 2) I8S8 484 To Burton C. Cook) August 2) I8S8.. 484 To William H. Grigsby) August 3) I8S8. 484 To Henry E. Dummer) Augusts) I8S8. 485 *Portion of Speech at Havana) Illinois) August I4, I8S8. 485 Draft of a Speech) c. August I8S8......... 487
xvm CONTENTS First Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Ottawa, Illinois, August 2I, I8S8........... To Joseph 0. Cunningham, August 22, I8S8. 495 536 To Ebenezer Peck, August 23, I8S8..... Second Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Freeport, Illinois, August 27, I8S8.......... *Portion of Speech at Edwardsville, Illinois, September II, I8S8......... Third Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Jonesboro, Illinois, September IS, I8S8........ 586 To Martin P. Sweet, September I6, I8S8.. 635 To Elihu B. Washburne, September I6, I8S8 635 Fourth Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Charleston, Illinois, September I8, I8S8........ 636 To Norman B. Judd, September 23, I8s8... 684 Verses to Rosa Haggard, September 28, I8S8. 684 Verse to Linnie Haggard, September 30, I8s8. 685 On Pro-slavery Theology, I8s8?...... 685 Fifth Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Galesburg, Illinois, October 1, I8s8................. 687 Sixth Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Quincy, Illinois, October 13, I8S8................ 730 Seventh Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Alton, Illinois, October IS, I8S8........ 774 To James N. Brown, October I8, I8S8. 822 To Norman B. Judd, October 20, I8S8 823 Portion of Speech at Carthage, Illinois, October 22, I8S8 824 To Edward Lusk, October 30, I8S8......... 826 536 537 580
CONTENTS XIX *Portion of Last Speech in Campaign of r8s8, Springfield, Illinois, October 30, I8S8. 826 To John]. Crittenden, November 4, I8S8 827 To Norman B. Judd, November rs, r8s8. 828 To Norman B. Judd, November I6, r8s8. 829 To Samuel C. Davis and Company, November I7, r8s8. 829 To Henry Asbury, November I9, I8S8.. 830 To Anson G. Henry, November r9, I8S8. 831 To Charles H. Ray, November 20, r8s8. 832 To Lyman Trumbull, December II, r8s8 832 Chronology... 835 Note on the Texts 853 Notes. 858 Index. 877
Lincoln: Speeches & Writings 1832 1858 Contents To W. H. Wells) January 8) I859... To Elihu B. Washburne) January 29) I859. To Lyman Trumbull) February 3) I859.. 2 Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions) Jacksonville) Illinois) February II) I859...... 3 Speech at Chicago) Illinois) March I) I859.. 12 To Henry L. Pierce and Others) April 6, I859 18 To Thomas J. Pickett) April I6, I859 19 To Salmon P. Chase) April 30) I859 20 To Mark W. Delahay) May I4, I859 20 To Theodore Canisius) May I7) I859 21 To Salmon P. Chase) June 9) I859. 22 To Salmon P. Chase) June 20) I859. 23 To Nathan Sargent) June 23) I859. 24 To Schuyler Colfax) July 6) I859.. 25 To Samuel Galloway) July 28) I859. 26 Notes far Speeches) c. September I859. 27 Notes far Speech at Columbus) Ohio) September I6) I859 29 Speech at Columbus) Ohio) September I6) I859. 31 Speech at Cincinnati) Ohio) September I7, I859. 59 Address to the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society) Milwaukee) Wisconsin) September 30) I859 90 To William E. Frazer) November I) I859 To William Kellogg) December II) I859. ix IOI rn2
x CONTENTS To George W. Dole, Gurdnn S. Hubbard, and William H. Brown, December 14, 1859. To George M. Parsons and Others, December 19, 1859........ 104 To Samuel Galloway, December 19, 1859. 105 To Jesse W. Fell, Enclosing Autobiography, December 20, 1859........ 106 To James W. Sheahan, January 24, 1860 108 To Norman B. Judd, February 9, 1860. 109 To Oliver P Hall, Jacob N. Fullinwider, and William F. Correll, February 14, 1860............ 109 Address at Cooper Institute, New York City, February 27, 1860....... m To Mary Todd Lincoln, March 4, 1860... 130 Speech at New Haven, Connecticut, March 6, 1860 132 To Mark W. Delahay, March 16, 1860 151 To Samuel Galloway, March 24, 1860. 151 To Richard M. Corwine, April 6, 1860 152 To Cornelius F. McNeil!, April 6, 1860. 153 To Lyman Trumbull, April 29, 1860. 154 To Richard M. Corwine, May 2, 1860 155 To Edward Wallace, May 12, 1860.. 156 Reply to Committee of the Republican National Convention, Springfield, Illinois, May 19, 1860. 156 To Gem;ge Ashmun, May 23, 1860 157 To Charles C. Nott, May 31, 1860 158 Autobiography Written far Campaign, c. June 1860. 160 To Samuel Haycraft, June 4, 1860........ 167 103
CONTENTS xi To Lyman Trumbull) June s) I86o.. 168 To William M. Dickson) June 0 I86o. 169 To J. Mason Haight) June II) I86o. 170 To Samuel Galloway) June I9) I86o 170 To Anson G. Henry) July 4, I86o 171 To Abraham Jonas) July 2I) I86o. 172 To George C. Latham) July 22) I86o 173 To Simeon Francis) August 4, I86o 174 Remarks at Republican Rally) Springfield) Illinois) August 8) I86o...... 175 To John B. Fry) August IS) I86o... 176 To George G. Fogg) August I6) I86o. 176 To Charles H. Fisher) August 20 I86o 178 To John M. Pomeroy) August 3I) I86o. 178 To Henry Wilson) September I) I86o. 179 To Mrs. M. J. Green) September 22) I86o 179 To John T. Hanks) September 24, I86o. 179 To John M. Brockman) September 25) I86o. 180 To Daniel P. Gardner) September 28) I86o. 180 Imaginary Dialogue Between Douglas and Breckinridge) September 29) I86o..... 181 To Grace Bedell) October I9) I86o.. 182 To William S. Speer) October 23) I86o 182 To David Hunter) October 26, I86o. 183 To George T. M. Davis) October 27) I86o 183 To George D. Prentice) October 29) I86o 184
Xll CONTENTS To Truman Smith) November IO) I86o. 185 To Nathaniel P. Paschall) November I6, I86o. 186 Passage Written far Lyman Trumbull)s Speech at Springfield) Illinois) November 20) I86o.. 186 Remarks at Bloomington) Illinois) November 2I) I86o 187 To Henry]. Raymond) November 28) I86o 188 To William H. Seward) December 8) I86o. 188 To Lyman Trumbull) December 8) I86o. 189 To Lyman Trumbull) December IO) I86o 190 To William Kellogg) December II) I86o. 190 To John A. Gilmer) December IS) I86o 190 To Thurlow Weed) December I?, I86o. 192 To John D. Defrees) December I8) I86o 193 To Henry]. Raymond) December I8) I86o. 193 To Alexander H. Stephens) December 22) I86o 194 To James W. Webb) December 29) I86o 194 To Simon Cameron) January 3, I86I. 195 To Lyman Trumbull) January 7) I86I 195 To James T. Hale) January II) I86I. 196 To William H. Seward) February I) I86I. 197 To Thurlow Weed) February 4, I86I.. 198 Farewell Address at Springfield) Illinois) February II) I86I......... 199 Reply to Oliver P. Morton at Indianapolis) Indiana) February II) I86I............. 199 Speech at Indianapolis) Indiana) February n) I86I. 201
CONTENTS Xlll Speech to Germans at Cincinnati, Ohio, February I2, I86I............ Address to the Ohio Legislature, Columbus, Ohio, February I3, I86I........... Speech at Cleveland, Ohio, February IS, I861.. Remarks at Syracuse, New York, February I8, I861 Remarks at Little Falls, New York, February IS, I86I................ 208 203 205 206 207 Address to the New Jersey Senate at Trenton, New Jersey, February 21, 186I......... 209 Address to the New Jersey Genera/Assembly at Trenton, New Jersey, February 2I, I86I... Reply to Mayor Alexander Henry at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 2I, I86r..... Speech at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 22, I861... First Inaugural Address, March 4, I86I 215 To Schuyler Colfax, March 8, I86I. 224 To Winfield Scott, March 9, I86I. 225 To William H. Seward, March 1s, 1861. 225 To John T. Stuart, March 30, I86I. 226 To David D. Porter, April I, I86I 226 To Winfield Scott, April I, I86I. 227 To William H. Seward, April 1, 186!. 227 To Robert Anderson, April 4, 1861. 228 To Robert S. Chew, April 6, I86I. 229 Reply to the Vir;ginia Convention, April I3, I86I. 229 Proclamation Calling Militia and Convening Congress, April IS, I86I................. 232 2IO 2II 213
XlV CONTENTS Proclamation of Blockade, April I9, IS6I Inscription in Album of Mary Rebecca Darby Smith, April I9, IS6I......... To Thomas H. Hicks and Geor;ge W. Brown, April 20, IS6I........ 235 To Reverdy Johnson, April 24, IS6I. 235 To Winfield Scott, April 25, IS6I. 236 To Winfield Scott, April 27, IS6I 237 To Gustavus V. Fox, May I, IS6I 237 To Isham G. Harris, May I, IS6I, or after. 238 To Salmon P Chase, May s, IS6I.. 239 To Francis P Blair, Jr., May IS, IS6I 239 To Salmon P Chase, May IS, IS6I.. 240 To Edwin D. Mor;gan, May 20, IS6I. 241 To Ephraim D. and Phoebe Ellsworth, May 25, IS6I. 242 To Winfield Scott, June 5, IS6I..... 243 To William P Dole, June II, IS6I, or after 243 To Ninian W. Edwards, June I9, IS6I.. 244 Message to Congress in Special Session, July 4, IS6I 246 To Simon B. Buckner, July Io, IS6I.... 262 Memoranda on Military Policy, July 23, IS6I. 262 Proclamation of a National Fast Day, August I2, IS6I 264 To Beriah Magoffin, August 24, IS6I.. 265 To John C. Fremont, September 2, IS6I. 266 To David Hunter, September 9, IS6I.. 267 To John C. Fremont, September II, IS6I 267 233 235
CONTENTS To Orville H. Browning, September 22, 1861. To Oliver P. Morton) September 29, 1861 To Samuel R. Curtis) October 7, 1861. To George D. Ramsay, October 17, 1861. To Samuel R. Curtis) October 24, 1861. To David Hunter) October 24, 1861.. To John A. McClernand) November 10, 1861. xv 268 270 271 272 272 272 274 Reply to Delegation of Baltimore Citizens, Washington) D.C., November rs) r861. Drafts of Bill far Compensated Emancipation in Delaware, c. late November 1861............. 276 Memorandum on Advice to Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas, November 27, 1861........... 278 Annual Message to Con._qress, December 3, 1861. 279 To Mrs. Susannah Weathers, December 4, 1861. 297 Draft of Letter to Senate from Ward H. Lamon, December r6, 1861....... 298 To David Hunter, December 31, 1861.. 298 To Henry W. Halleck, January 1, 1862. 299 To Don C. Buell) January 6, 1862.. 300 To Simon Cameron) January n, 1862. 301 To Don C. Buell, January 13) 1862.. 301 To Henry W. Halleck, January IS, 1862. 302 President's General War Order No. 1, January 27, 1862 303 275 To Gem;ge B. McClellan, February 3, 1862. Stay of Execution far Nathaniel Gordon, February 4, 1862......... 304 305
XVI CONTENTS To Henry W. Halleck, February 16, 1862 306 Message to Congress, March 6, r862.. 307 President;s General War Order No. 3, March 8, r862 308 To Henry J. Raymond, March 9, 1862 309 Speech to a Massachusetts Delegation, Washington, D.C., March 13, 1862. 310 To James A. McDougall, March 14, 1862 310 To Samuel B. Tobey, March 19, 1862 3n To Horace Greeley, March 24, 1862 312 To Gem;ge B. McClellan, March 31, 1862 313 To Geo1'Jfe B. McClellan, April 9, 1862. 313 To Richard Yates and William Butler, April 10, 1862 315 Message to Congress, April r6, r862. 316 To Geo1'Jfe B. McClellan, May 1, 1862 316 To Geo1'Jfe B. McClellan, May 9, 1862 316 Proclamation Revoking General Hunters Emancipation Order, May r9, 1862 318 To George B. McClellan, May 21, 1862 320 To Henry W. Halleck, May 24-, 1862. 320 To George B. McClellan, May 24, 1862. 321 To George B. McClellan, May 24, 1862. 321 To Irvin McDowell, May 24, 1862. 322 To Salmon P Chase, May 2s, 1862. 322 To George B. McClellan, May 2s, 1862 323 To George B. McClellan, May 2s, 1862 323 To the Senate and House of Representatives, May 26, 1862............ 325
CONTENTS XVU To Irvin McDowell, May 28, 1862... 328 To George B. McClellan, May 28, 1862. 328 To Edwin M. Stanton, June 5, 1862 329 To John C. Fremont, June 15, 1862. 329 To George B. McClellan, June 15, 1862 331 To John C. Fremont, June 16, 1862. 332 To Carl Schurz, June 16, 1862... 333 Remarks at Jersey City, New Jersey, June 24, 1862. 333 To George B. McClellan, June 26, 1862 334 To George B. McClellan, June 28, 1862 334 To William H. Seward, June 28, 1862 335 To William H. Seward, June 30, 1862 335 To George B. McClellan, July l, 1862. 336 To George B. McClellan, July 2, 1862. 336 To George B. McClellan, July 3, 1862. 337 To Union Governors, July 3, 1862.. 338 To George B. McClellan, July 4, 1862. 338 To Gem;ge B. McClellan, July 5, 1862. 339 Appeal to Border-State Representatives for Compensated Emancipation, Washington, D.C., July 12, 1862 340 To George B. McClellan, July 13, 1862 342 To Edwin M. Stanton, July 22, 1862 342 To Reverdy Johnson, July 26, 1862 343 To Cuthbert Bullitt, July 28, 1862 344 To August Belmont, July 31, 1862 347 To Agenor-Etienne de Gasparin, August 4, 1862 348
XVlll CONTENTS Address to Union Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 6, I862...... 350 To John M. Clay, August 9, 1862.. 351 To Edwin M. Stanton, August 9, 1862 352 To John A. Andrew, August 12, 1862. 352 Address on Colonization to a Committee of Colored Men, Washington, D.C., August 14, I862 353 To Horace Greeley, August 22, 1862 357 To David Davis, August 27, 1862. 358 Meditation on the Divine Will, c. early September 1862 359 To Jeremiah T. Boyle, September 12, 1862. 359 To Andrew G. Curtin, September 12, 1862. 360 Reply to Chicago Emancipation Memorial, Washington, D.C., September 13, 1862. 361 To George B. McClellan, September 15, 1862. 367 To Edwin M. Stanton, September 20, 1862. 367 Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862......... 368 Proclamation Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus, September 24, 1862.............. 371 Response to Serenade, Washington, D.C., September 24, 1862..... 371 To John Ross, September 25, 1862..... 372 Record of Dismissal ofjohn]. Key, September 26-27, 1862 373 To Hannibal Hamlin, September 28, 1862.... 375 Remarks at Frederick, Maryland, October 4, 1862 375 To Thomas H. Clay, October 8, 1862... 376 To Geot;ge B. McClellan, October 13, 1862. 376
CONTENTS XIX To Benjamin F. Butler) George F. Shepley) and Others) October I4) I862.......... 379 To George B. McClellan) October 25) I862. 379 To George B. McClellan) October 27) I862. 380 To John POfJe) November IO) I862 380 To Carl Schurz) November 10) I862 380 Order for Sabbath Observance) November IS) I862 382 To Samuel Treat) November I9) I862.. 383 To George Robertson) November 20) I862 383 To George F. Shepley) November 21) I862 384 To George F. Shepley) November 2I) I862 384 To Nathaniel P Banks) November 22) I862 385 To William L. Vance) November 22) I862 386 To John]. Key) November 24, I862. 387 To Carl Schurz) November.u, I862 388 To George Robertson) November 26, I862 389 To Henry W. Halleck) November 27, I862. 390 To Edward Bates) November 29) I862... 391 Annual Message to Congress) December I) I862 393 Message to Senate on Minnesota Indians) December II) I862....... 416 To Fernando Wood) December I2) I862.. 417 To Thomas]. Henderson) December 20) I862. 418 To William H. Seward and Salmon P Chase) December 20) I862........... 419 Message to the Army of the Potomac) December 22) I862 419 To Fanny McCullough) December 23) I862..... 420
xx CONTENTS To Hiram Walbridge, December 28, r862. 420 Opinion on Admission of West Vii:ginia into the Union, c. late December r862........... 421 Final Emancipation Proclamation, January r, r863 424 To Henry W. Halleck, January r, r863 426 To Samuel R. Curtis, January 2, r863 426 To William S. Rosecrans, January s, r863. 427 To John A. McClernand, January 8, r863 427 To John A. Dix, January I4, r863... 429 To the Senate and House of Representatives, January I7, r863................. 430 To the Workingmen of Manchester, England, January r9, r863.......... 431 To John A. McClernand, January 22, r863. To Joseph Hooker, January 26, r863. To Franz Sigel, January 26, r863. To Ambrose E. Burnside, January 28, r863. To Franz Sigel, February s, r863.... To William S. Rosecrans, February I7, r863 To Mrs. L. H. Phipps, March 9, r863. To Edwin M. Stanton, March 9, r863 To William S. Rosecrans, March I7, r863 To Henry W. Davis, March rs, r863. To Horatio Seymour, March 23, r863. Commutation of Sentence of James S. Pleasants, March 25, r863........ To Andrew Johnson, March 26, r863..... 433 433 434 435 435 436 436 437 437 439 439 440 440
CONTENTS XXI Speech to Indian Chiefi) Washington) D.C.) March 27) 1863.......... 441 To Nathaniel P Banks) March 29) 1863. 442 To David Hunter) April I) 1863.... 443 Memorandum on Hookers Plan of Campaign) c. early April I863..... 443 To Joseph Hooker) April IS) 1863... 4-44 Resolution on Slavery) April IS) 1863. 4-44 Memorandum on Patronage in St. Louis) Missouri) April 16, 1863............ 445 Commutation of Sentence of John A. Chase) April 28) 1863............ 445 Memorandum on Francis L. Capen)s Weather Forecasts) April 28) 1863....... 445 To David Hunter) April 30) 1863........ 446 Regarding the Case of David Schaadt) April 30) 1863 446 To Joseph Hooker) May 7) 1863 447 To Joseph Hooker) May I4, 1863 447 To Henry T. Bluw) Charles D. Drake) and Others) May rs) I863........ 448 To Isaac N. Arnold) May 26, 1863. 448 To John M. Schofield) May 27, 1863. 450 To Ambrose E. Burnside) May 29, I863. 451 To William T. Otto) June I) 1863. 451 To Edwin M. Stanton) June 4) 1863 451 To Joseph Hooker) Junes) 1863... 451 Draft of Anonymous Letter to the Washington Chronicle) June 6) 1863......... 452 To Samuel R. Curtis) June 8) 1863.......... 453
XXll CONTENTS To Mary Todd Lincoln, June 9, 1863 4-53 To Joseph Hooker, June 10, 1863.. 4-53 To Erastus Corning and Others, June 12, 1863 4-54- To Joseph Hooker, June 14, 1863 4-63 To Joseph Hooker, June 16, 1863 4-63 To Joseph Hooker, June r6, r863 4-64- To John M. Schofield, June 22, r863. 4-65 Reply to the Ohio Democratic Convention, June 29, 1863. 4-65 To William Kellogg, June 29, 1863. 4-71 To Robert H. Milroy, June 29, 1863 4-71 To Alexander K. McClure, June 30, r863 4-73 To Joel Parker, June 30, 1863. 4-73 To Samuel P Lee, July 4, r863 4-73 To Samuel P Lee, July 4, 1863 4-74- To Henry W. Halleck, July 6, 1863. 4-74- To Henry W. Halleck, July 7, r863. 4-75 Response to Serenade, Washington, D.C., July 1, r863 4-75 To Lorenzo Thomas, July 8, r863. 4-76 To Jesse K. Dubois, July rr, 1863. 4-77 To Henry T. Blow, July 13, 1863. 4-77 To Ulysses S. Grant, July 13, 1863 4-77 To John M. Schofield, July r3, r863. 4-78 To George G. Meade, July I4, r863. 4-78 To Simon Cameron, July rs, 1863 4-79 To Joseph Holt, July r8, r863.. +so Verse on Lee's Invasion of the North, July 19, 1863. +so
CONTENTS xxm To John M. Schofield) July 20) I863. 480 To Oliver 0. Howard) July 2I) I863 481 To Edwin M. Stanton) July 2I) I863 481 To Hamilton R. Gamble) July 23) I863 481 To Montgomery Blair) July 24) I863 482 To Ambrose E. Burnside) July 27) I863 482 To George G. Meade) July 27, I863. 483 To Edwin M. Stanton) July 28) I863 483 To Henry W. Halleck) July 29) I863 483 Order of Retaliation) July 30) I863. 484 To Stephen A. Hurlbut) July 3I) I863. 485 To John G. Foster) August 3) I863. 486 To Nathaniel p Banks) Augusts) I863. 486 To Horatio Seymour) August 7, I863. 487 To Mary Todd Lincoln) August 8) I863. 489 To Ulysses S. Grant) August 9) I863. 490 To William S. Rosecrans) August Io) I863. 490 To John A. McClernand) August I2) I863. 492 To James H. Hackett) August I7) I863 493 To James G. Blunt) August I8) I863. 493 To George G. Meade) August 2I) I863 494 To Edwin M. Stanton) August 2I) I863. 494 To James C. Conkling) August 26, I863. 495 To George G. Meade) August 27, I863 499 To William S. Rosecrans) August 3I) I863. 499 To Edwin M. Stanton) September I) I863. 500
XXIV CONTENTS To Edwin M. Stanton, September I, I863 To Salmon P Chase, September 2, I863. To Edwin M. Stanton, September 2, I863 To Joseph Segrtr, September s, I863... To Edwin M. Stanton, September 7, I863 To John P Gray, September IO, I863.. To Andrew Johnson, September II, I863. soo soo SOI SOI so2 so2 so3 Opinion on the Draft, c. mid-september I863 504 To Jesse K. Dubois and Ozias M. Hatch, September IS, I863......... 509 To Henry W. Halleck, September IS, I863. Proclamation Suspending Writ of Habeas Corpus, September IS, I863............ Draft of Order Concerning Writ of Habeas Corpus, September I7, I863......... To Henry W. Halleck, September I9, I863. 513 To Ozias M. Hatch and Jesse K. Dubois, September 22, I863......... 514 To Mary Todd Lincoln, September 24, I863 514- sw s11 s12 To Ambrose E. Burnside, September 2s, I863. To William S. Rosecrans, September 28, I863. Reply to Sons of Temperance, Washington, D.C., September 29, I863....... To John M. Schofield, October I, I863..... Proclamation of Thanksgiving, October 3, I863. SIS s16 s16 s17 s20 To William S. Rosecrans, October 4, I863... 521 To Charles D. Drake and Others, Octobers, 1863. 522
CONTENTS XXV Approval of Sentence of David M. Wr~ht, October 1, I863........ 527 To George G. Meade, October 8, I863. 527 To George G. Meade, October I2, I863 528 To William S. Rosecrans, October I2, I863. 528 To John G. Foster, October IS, I863... 528 To Henry W. Halleck, October Iff, I863. 529 To John G. Foster, October I7, I863... 529 Remarks to Baltimore Presbyterian Synod, Washington, D.C., October 24, I863. 529 To James M. Cutts, October 26, I863.. 530 To Montgomery Blair, November 2, I863 531 To James H. Hackett, November 2, I863. 532 Memorandum on Testing Diller's Powder, November 2, I863, or after...... 532 To Nathaniel P. Banks, Novembers, I863. 533 To Benjamin F. Flanders, November 9, I863. 534 To Edwin M. Stanton, November II, I863.. 535 Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, November I9, I863. 536 To Zachariah Chandler, November 20, I863 536 To Edward Everett, November 20, I863.. 537 Annual Message to Congress, December 8, I863 538 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, December 8, I863............ 555 Amnesty for Emily T. Helm, December I4-, I863 558 Oath Written for Emily T. Helm, December I4-, I863 558 Pass for Emily T. Helm, December I+, I863.... 559
XXVl CONTENTS To Thomas Cottman, December IS, I863 To Stephen A. Hurlbut, December I7, I863 To Edwin M. Stanton, December I8, I86_). To Oliver D. Filley, December 22, I863.. Endorsement on Petition Concerning Samuel B. McPheeters, December 22, r863.... To Nathaniel P Banks, December 24, I86_) To Bayard Taylor, December 2s, I863... Endorsement Concerning Henry Andrews, January 7, I864.......... To Crafts]. Wright and Charles K. Hawkes, January 1, I864......... 565 To Mrs. Esther Stockton, January 8, I864 565 559 560 560 To Quincy A. Gillmore, January I3, I864 566 To William Crosby and Henry P Nichols, January 16, I864........ 566 To Frederick Steele, January 20, I864. 567 To Alpheus Lewis, January 23, I864. 568 To Frederick Steele, January 27, I864. 569 To Frederick Steele, January 30, I864. 570 To Nathaniel P Banks, January 3I, I864 570 To Edwin M. Stanton, February 1, 1864 571 Permit to Christopher F. Field and Christopher F. Clay, February I, I864......... 571 To Edwin M. Stanton, February s, I864. 572 To Edwin M. Stanton, February II, I864. 573 To Daniel E. Sickles, February IS, I864. 573 To Frederick Steele, February I7, I864. 574 562 565
CONTENTS XXVll To John A. Andrew, February I8, I864. 575 To Benjamin F. Loan, February 22, I864. 575 To Edwin M. Stanton, February 2s, I864. 576 To Salmon P. Chase, February 29, I864. 576 To Edwin M. Stanton, March I, I864 577 To John A. J. Creswell, March 7, I864 577 Presentation of Commission to Ulysses S. Grant, Washington, D.C., March 9, I864.. 578 To George D. Ramsay, March IO, I864. 578 To Michael Hahn, March I3, I864. 579 To Carl Schurz, March 13, I864.. 579 Endorsement Concerning N cw Orleans Churches, March IS, I864.......... 580 To John A. J. Creswell, March I7, I864..... 580 Remarks at Closing of Sanitary Fair, Washington, D.C., March I8, I864......... 580 To Edwin M. Stanton, March I8, I864.. 581 Remainder of Draft of Letter to Stanton, March I8, I864...... 581 To Carl Schurz, March 23, I864.... 583 To Benjamin B. French, March 2s, I864 584 To George G. Meade, March 29, I864 584 To Albert G. Hodges, April 4, I864. 585 To Mrs. Horace Mann, Aprils, I864. 587 Letter Concerning Mrs. Daniel Hunt, April II, I864 587 Draft of Address for Sanitary Fair at Baltimore, Maryland, before April I8, I864............... 587
XXVlll CONTENTS Address at Sanitary Fair) Baltimore) Maryland) April I8) I864....... 589 To Isaac Murphy) April 27) I864.. 591 To Ulysses S. Grant) April 30) I864 591 To Cabinet Members) May 3) I864. 592 Response to Serenade) Washington) D.C.) May 9) I864. 592 To Samuel C. Pomeroy) May I2) I864. 593 To Thomas Carney) May 14) I864.. 593 To Edwin M. Stanton) May I7) I864. 594 To Charles Sumner) May I9) I864. 595 To Isaac N. Arnold) May 25) I864. 595 To John H. Bryant) May 30) I864. 596 To George B. Ide) James R. Doolittle) and A. Hubbell) May 30) I864.. Endorsement Concerning Leonard Swett and Joseph Holt) June 6, I864..... Reply to Committee of the National Union Convention) Washington) D.C.) June 9) I864......... 597 596 Reply to Delegation from the National Union League) Washington, D.C.) June 9) I864......... 598 Speech at Great Central Sanitary Fair) Philadelphia) Pennsylvania) June I6) I864. 600 To Edward Bates) June 24, I864....... 602 To William Dennison and Others) June 27) I864 602 To Frederick Steele) June 29) I864. 603 To Salmon P Chase) June 30) I864. 603 To John L. Scripps) July 4, I864.. 604 Proclamation Concerning Reconstruction) July 8) I864. 605 597
CONTENTS XXlX To Horace Greeley) July 9) I864.... 606 To Thomas Swann and Others) July IO) I864. 606 To Ulysses S. Grant) July IO) I864.. 607 To Edwin M. Stanton) July I4, I864 607 To Horace Greeley) July IS) I864. 608 To Horace Greeley) July IS) I864. 608 To Ulysses S. Grant) July I7J I864 609 Proclamation Calling for soo)ooo Volunteers) July I8J I864.......... To William T. Sherman) July IS) I864... 6IO Offer of Safa Conduct for Peace Negotiators) July I8J I864............. 6II Memorandum on Clement C. Clay) c. late July I864 612 To Abram Wakeman) July 2s) I864. 613 To James C. Welling) July 2s) I864. 614 To Edwin M. Stanton) July 27J I864 614 To Ulysses S. Grant) August 3) I864 615 To John McMahon) August 6, I864 615 To Stephen G. Burbridge) August 8) I864. 616 To Nathaniel P Banks) August 9) I864. 616 To Benjamin F. Butler) August 9) I864. 616 To Horace Greeley, August 9) I864.. 618 To Ulysses S. Grant) August I4, I864. 619 To Henry]. Raymond) August IS) I864. 619 To Ulysses S. Grant) August I7J I864.. 620 To Charles D. Robinson) August I7J I864. 620 6n
xxx CONTENTS Speech to the I64th Ohio Regiment) Washington) D.C.) August I8) I864............... 623 Speech to the I66th Ohio Regiment) Washington) D.C.) August 22) I864............... 624 Memorandum on Probable Failure of Re-election) August 23) I864......... 624 To Henry]. Raymond) August 24, I864.... 625 Speech to the I48th Ohio Regiment) Washington) D.C.) August 3I) I864......... 626 To Eliza P. Gurney) September 4, I864....... 627 Response to Presentation of a Bible by the Loyal Colored People of Baltimore) Washington) D.C.) September 7, I864................ 628 Memorandum Concerning Ward H. Lamon) c. September I2) I864....... 628 To Ulysses S. Grant) September I2) I864.. 630 Draft of Letter to Isaac M. Schermerhorn) September I2) I864......... 630 To Isaac M. Schermerhorn) September I2) I864. 631 To William T. Sherman) September I9) I864. 632 To Montgomery Blair) September 23) I864.. 632 To William S. Rosecrans) September 26, I864 633 To Ulysses S. Grant) September 29) I864.. 633 To Henry W. Hoffman) October IO) I864. 634 Response to Serenade) Washington) D.C.) October I9) I864.......... 635 Proclamation of Thanksgiving) October 20) I864 637 Speech to the I89th New York Volunteers) Washington) D.C.) October 24, I864................. 638
CONTENTS XXXl To Stephen G. Burbridge, October 27, I864 Endorsement Concerning Thomas Berington, October 29, I864................. 639 Speech to the.p,nd Massachusetts Regiment, Washington, D.C., October JI, I864........ 639 Response to Serenade, Washington, D.C., November 8, I864................ 640 Response to Serenade, Washington, D.C., November Io, I864......... 641 To Stephen A. Hurlbut, November I4, I864. 642 To William S. Rosecrans, November I9, I864. 643 To Mrs. Lydia Bixby, November 2I, I864 644 To John Phillips, November 2I, I864.. 644 Annual Message to Congress, December 6, I864 646 Reply to a Southern Woman, December 6, I864, or before 663 Response to Serenade, Washington, D.C., December 6, I864.......... 663 To Edward R. S. Canby, December I2, I864. 663 To William T. Sherman, December 26, I864. 665 To Edwin M. Stanton, December JI, I864.. 666 Reply to Delegation of Kentuckians, Washington, D.C., January 2, I86s......... 666 To Edwin M. Stanton, January s, I86S. 666 To Grenville M. Dodge, January IS, I86s 667 To Ulysses S. Grant, January I9, I86s. 667 To Joseph]. Reynolds, January 20, I86s 667 Reply to Philadelphia Delegation, Washington, D.C., January 24, I86s................. 668
xxxu CONTENTS Response to Serenade) Washington) D.C.) February I) I86s.......... To the Senate and House of Representatives) February s) I86s........... 671 To William Lloyd Garrison) February 1) I86s 672 To John Glenn) February 7, I86s...... 672 To the Senate and House of Representatives) February 8, I86s........... 673 To the House of Representatives) February IO) I86s 674 To Thomas C. Fletcher) February 20) I86s.... 684 Reply to Notification Committee) Washington) D.C.) March I) I86s........ 684 To Ulysses S. Grant) March 3) I86s.... 685 Second Inaugural Address) March 4, I86s. 686 To Charles Sumner) March s) I86s. 687 To Ulysses S. Grant) March 9) I86s 688 To Thurlow Weed) March IS) I86s. 689 Speech to the I40th Indiana Regiment) Washington) D.C., March I7) I86s.................. 690 Order Annulling Sentence of Benjamin G. and Franklin W. Smith) March IS) I86s. 691 To Edwin M. Stanton) March 30) I86s 692 To Edwin M. Stanton) April 2) I86s. 692 To Mary Ibdd Lincoln) April 2) I86s. 692 To Ulysses S. Grant) April 2) I86s.. 693 To Edwin M. Stanton) April 3) I86s. 693 To Edwin M. Stanton) April 3) I86s 693 To John A. Campbell) April s) I86s 693
CONTENTS XXXlll To Godfrey Weitzel) April 6) I86s. To Ulysses S. Grant) April 6) I86S. To Ulysses S. Grant) April 7, I86s. Response to Serenade) Washington) D.C., April IO) I86s Speech on Reconstruction, Washington, D.C., April n) I86S........ To Godfrey Weitzel) April I2) I86s..... Concerning Passes to Richmond) April I3 or I4, I86s. Chronology... Note on the Texts Notes. Index. 697 701 702 721 725 757
The Lincoln Anthology Contents Introduction xxiii William Cullen Bryant Introduction of Abraham Lincoln at Cooper Union (1860) 1 William Dean Howells from Life of Abraham Lincoln (1860) 3 Henry Villard from Lincoln on the Eve of 61 (1860) 19 Artemus Ward Artemus Ward on His Visit to Abe Lincoln (1860) 24 Ralph Waldo Emerson from The Journals (1862) 29 Nathaniel Hawthorne from Chiefly About War-Matters by a Peaceable Man (1862) 32 James Sloan Gibbons Three Hundred Thousand More (1862) 38 Horace Greeley The Prayer of Twenty Millions (1862) 40 Karl Marx On Events in North America (1862) 47 George Templeton Strong from The Diaries (1862) 51 Ralph Waldo Emerson from The Journals (1863) 55 xi
xii Contents James Russell Lowell The President s Policy (1864) 56 Harriet Beecher Stowe Abraham Lincoln (1864) 84 Anonymous from Abraham Africanus I (1864) 91 Petroleum V. Nasby Has an Interview with the President (1864) 96 Anonymous The Federal Phoenix (1864) 99 George Templeton Strong from The Diaries (1865) 101 Edward Everett Hale Sermon Preached in Boston (1865) 109 Ralph Waldo Emerson Remarks at the Services Held in Concord (1865) 116 William Cullen Bryant The Death of Lincoln (1865) 122 Henry Ward Beecher Sermon Preached in Brooklyn (1865) 123 George Bancroft Oration in Union Square, New York City (1865) 135 Edmund Clarence Stedman Abraham Lincoln: Assassinated Good Friday, 1865 (1865) 143 Tom Taylor Abraham Lincoln Foully Assassinated, April 14, 1865 (1865) 144 Henrik Ibsen Abraham Lincoln s Murder (1865) 148
Contents xiii Karl Marx Address of the International Working Men s Association to President Johnson (1865) 151 Richard Henry Stoddard Abraham Lincoln: An Horatian Ode (1865) 153 Julia Ward Howe Crown his blood-stained pillow (1865) 162 Noah Brooks Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln (1865) 164 James Russell Lowell from Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration (1865) 183 Victor Hugo Notebook Entry (1865) 185 Herman Melville The Martyr (1866) 186 William H. Herndon Abraham Lincoln, Ann Rutledge, and New Salem: A Lecture (1866) 188 Frederick Douglass Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln (1876) 222 John Greenleaf Whittier The Emancipation Group (1879) 234 Richard Henry Stoddard Abraham Lincoln (1880) 237 Walt Whitman from Leaves of Grass (1881) When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom d 238 O Captain! My Captain! 247 Hush d Be the Camps To-day 248 This Dust Was Once the Man 248
xiv Contents Walt Whitman from Specimen Days & Collect (1882) Abraham Lincoln 249 Death of President Lincoln 250 No Good Portrait of Lincoln 251 Death of Abraham Lincoln 251 Edmund Clarence Stedman The Hand of Lincoln (1883) 263 Ulysses S. Grant from Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (1886) 266 Frederick Douglass from Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (1886) 274 Richard Watson Gilder On the Life-Mask of Abraham Lincoln (1886) 281 To the Spirit of Abraham Lincoln (1888) 282 Walt Whitman from November Boughs (1888) 284 William H. Herndon & Jesse W. Weik from Herndon s Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life (1889) 288 John G. Nicolay & John Hay from Abraham Lincoln: A History (1890) 297 William O. Stoddard from Inside the White House in War Times (1890) 311 Carl Schurz from Abraham Lincoln: An Essay (1891) 330 Bram Stoker from Lecture on Abraham Lincoln (1893) 346 Ida M. Tarbell from The Life of Abraham Lincoln (1900) 351
Contents xv Winston Churchill from The Crisis (1901) 365 Edwin Markham Lincoln, the Man of the People (1901) 381 Mark Twain A Lincoln Memorial (1907) 383 James Whitcomb Riley Lincoln the Boy (1907) 385 Leo Tolstoy Tolstoi Holds Lincoln World s Greatest Hero (1909) 386 Theodore Roosevelt Centenary Address at Hodgenville, Kentucky (1909) 392 Booker T. Washington Address on Abraham Lincoln Before the Republican Club of New York City (1909) 397 Julia Ward Howe Abraham Lincoln (1909) 405 Edwin Arlington Robinson The Master (1910) 407 Vachel Lindsay Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight (1914) 410 Edgar Lee Masters from Spoon River Anthology (1915) Anne Rutledge 412 Hannah Armstrong 413 Carl Sandburg Journey and Oath (1915) 415 Paint his head against lavender shadows. (1915) 415
xvi Contents Woodrow Wilson Address at Hodgenville, Kentucky (1916) 417 Witter Bynner A Farmer Remembers Lincoln (1917) 422 John Gould Fletcher Lincoln (1921) 424 Robert Russa Moton Draft of Speech at the Lincoln Memorial (1922) 428 W.E.B. Du Bois from The Crisis (1922) 435 H. G. Wells from The Six Greatest Men in History (1922) 439 H. L. Mencken from Prejudices: Third Series (1922) 441 William Carlos Williams from In the American Grain (1925) 445 Carl Sandburg from Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (1926) 447 Stephen Vincent Benét from John Brown s Body (1928) 470 Honoré Willsie Morrow from With Malice Toward None (1928) 492 Dale Carnegie from Lincoln the Unknown (1932) 503 Langston Hughes Lincoln Monument: Washington (1932) 515 Rosemary Benét Nancy Hanks (1933) 516 Carl Sandburg from The People, Yes: 57 (1936) 518
Contents xvii Marsden Hartley American Ikon Lincoln (c. 1939) 524 Robert E. Sherwood from Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1939) 527 Carl Sandburg Mr. Lincoln and His Gloves (c. 1942) 566 Melvin B. Tolson The Dictionary of the Wolf (1944) 570 Carl Sandburg The Long Shadow of Lincoln: A Litany (1945) 571 Adlai E. Stevenson Remarks at Gettysburg (1951) 575 James Agee from Abraham Lincoln The Early Years (1953) 579 Irving Stone from Love Is Eternal (1954) 591 Sir Winston Churchill from A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1958) 607 Mark Van Doren from The Last Days of Lincoln (1959) 613 Jacques Barzun Lincoln the Writer (1959) 638 Delmore Schwartz Lincoln (1959) 652 Norman Corwin from The Rivalry (1960) 655 MacKinlay Kantor from If the South Had Won the Civil War (1961) 664
xviii Contents Marianne Moore Abraham Lincoln and the Art of the Word (1961) 674 Edmund Wilson from Patriotic Gore (1962) 682 John Dos Passos Lincoln and His Almost Chosen People (1964) 710 Reinhold Niebuhr The Religion of Abraham Lincoln (1965) 726 Lerone Bennett Jr. Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist? (1968) 737 Shelby Foote from The Civil War: A Narrative (1974) 753 Robert Lowell Abraham Lincoln (1976) 771 Stanley Kunitz The Lincoln Relics (1978) 773 Allen Ginsberg Adapted from Neruda s Que despierte el leñador (1981) 777 Donggill Kim Lincoln and Confucian Virtues (1983) 779 William Kennedy from O Albany! An Urban Tapestry (1983) 792 Tom Wicker from Unto This Hour (1984) 798 Gore Vidal from Lincoln (1984) 811 Mario M. Cuomo Abraham Lincoln and Our Unfinished Work (1986) 823
Contents xix William Safire from Freedom (1987) 837 Garry Wills from Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (1992) 848 Richard Slotkin from Abe: A Novel of the Young Lincoln (2000) 875 Adam Braver from Mr. Lincoln s Wars (2003) 896 E. L. Doctorow from The March (2005) 905 Epilogue: Barack Obama at Springfield 910 Chronology 915 Sources and Acknowledgments 935 Index 945