CONTENTS Volume One Introduction... 1 Vincent Goossaert SECTION ONE DEFINITIONS 1. A Chinese Religion Exists... 17 Stephan Feuchtwang 2. On the Very Idea of Religions (In the Modern West and in Early Medieval China)... 41 Robert Ford Campany 3. Questions of Vocabulary, or How Shall We Talk About Chinese Religion?... 77 John Lagerwey 4. Modalities of Doing Religion... 89 Adam Yuet Chau SECTION TWO HISTORICAL OUTLINES 5. Taoism: The Story of the Way... 111 Kristofer Schipper 6. The Song Transformation of Chinese Religious Culture... 153 Richard von Glahn
vi contents 7. Chinese Redemptive Societies and Salvationist Religion: Historical Phenomenon or Sociological Category?... 209 David A. Palmer 8. Introduction: The Survey and Its Main Findings... 247 Kenneth Dean and Zheng Zhenman SECTION THREE HISTORIOGRAPHY 9. Imperial Fantasies: The Chinese Communists and Peasant Rebellions... 285 David Ownby 10. Between Secularist Ideology and Desecularizing Reality: The Birth and Growth of Religious Research in Communist China... 317 Fenggang Yang 11. Secularization Theories and the Study of Chinese Religions... 339 Michael Szonyi 12. The Concept of Popular Religion in the Study of Chinese Religions: Retrospects and Prospects... 359 Philip Clart Volume Two SECTION FOUR DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES Sociology 13. Difffused and Institutional Religion in Chinese Society... 415 C.K. Yang 14. Religious Renaissance and Taiwan s Modern Middle Classes... 457 Richard Madsen
contents vii Anthropology 15. The Changing Economy of Temple Daoism in Shanghai... 489 Der-Ruey Yang 16. A Danggi Temple in Taipei: Spirit-Mediums in Modern Urban Taiwan... 523 Shin-yi Chao Art & Literature 17. Tang Sources for the Study of Religious Culture: Problems and Procedures... 555 Glen Dudbridge 18. Idols in the Temple: Icons and the Cult of Confucius... 571 Julia K. Murray SECTION FIVE KEY INDIGENOUS CONCEPTS 19. Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors... 619 Arthur P. Wolf 20. Souls and Salvation: Conflicting Themes in Chinese Popular Religion... 673 Myron L. Cohen 21. Licentious Cults and Bloody Victuals: Sacrifijice, Reciprocity, and Violence in Traditional China... 699 Terry F. Kleeman 22. Merit Accumulation in the Early Chinese Tradition... 725 Cynthia J. Brokaw
viii contents SECTION SIX RELIGION, STATE, AND SOCIETY 23. The Granting of Titles... 763 Valerie Hansen Volume Three 24. Worship, Teachings, and State Power in China and Taiwan... 791 Robert P. Weller 25. The De-territorialization of Ritual Spheres in Contemporary Taiwan... 821 Elana Chipman 26. Buddhism in the Reform Era: A Secularized Revival?... 853 Ji Zhe SECTION SEVEN ORTHODOXY, ORTHOPRAXY 27. Buddhist-Inspired Options: Aspects of Lay Religious Life in the Lower Yangzi from 1100 until 1340... 879 Barend J. ter Haar 28. From Credulity to Scorn: Confucians Confront the Spirit Mediums in Late Imperial China... 937 Donald S. Sutton 29. Vernacular Fiction and the Transmission of Gods Cults in Late Imperial China... 983 Meir Shahar 30. Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T ien-hou ( Empress of Heaven ) Along the South China Coast, 960 1960... 1011 James L. Watson
contents ix 31. Orthopraxy and Heteropraxy beyond the State: Standardizing Ritual in Chinese Society... 1049 Paul R. Katz SECTION EIGHT BELIEF, PRACTICE, RELIGIOSITY 32. Ethics and Self-Cultivation Practice in Early China... 1069 Mark Csikszentmihàlyi 33. Visualizing the Afterlife: The Song Elite s Obsession with Death, the Underworld, and Salvation... 1093 Hsien-huei Liao Volume Four 34. Immortals and Patriarchs: The Daoist World of a Manchu Offfijicial and His Family in Nineteenth-Century China... 1127 Xun Liu 35. The Spiritual Search in Shenzhen: Adopting and Adapting China s Common Spiritual Heritage... 1191 Lizhu Fan, Evelyn Eaton Whitehead, and James D. Whitehead 36. Anshen Liming or the Religious Dimension of Confucianism... 1203 Sébastien Billioud and Joël Thoraval 37. When You Drink Water, Think of Its Source : Morality, Status, and Reinvention in Rural Chinese Funerals... 1245 Ellen Oxfeld SECTION NINE GENDER AND RELIGION 38. Rural Women, Old Age, and Temple Work: A Case from Northwestern Sichuan... 1289 Kang Xiaofei
x contents 39. Patterns of Female Religious Experience in Qing Dynasty Popular Literature... 1311 Beata Grant 40. The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women... 1343 Emily M. Ahern 41. The Great Way of Former Heaven: A Group of Chinese Secret Religious Sects... 1367 Marjorie Topley SECTION TEN ISLAM & CHRISTIANITY AND THEIR ENCOUNTER WITH CHINESE RELIGIONS 42. Follow the White Camel: Islam in China to 1800... 1407 Zvi Ben-Dor Benite 43. The Iconoclasm of Obeisance: Protestant Images of Chinese Religion and the Catholic Church... 1427 Eric Reinders 44. Boxers, Christians, and the Gods: The Boxer Conflict of 1900 as a Religious War... 1449 Paul A. Cohen SECTION ELEVEN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES 45. The Rise of Postmortem Retribution in China and the West... 1479 Alan E. Bernstein and Paul R. Katz 46. Buddhist chanhui and Christian Confession in Seventeenth- Century China... 1533 Erik Zürcher 47. Global Breathing: Religious Utopias in India and China... 1559 Peter van der Veer Index Nominum... 1577