Year 9 PPE Revision Booklet Summer Exams 2016 Year 9 Thank you for all your hard work this year! You should use this booklet as well as your class book to help you revise for your exam. A lot of the content for the exam will be in your class book. If you are struggling to understand any questions in the booklet you should see Mr Baxter for advice. When you have finished all the questions you should go about making mind-maps (colourful pages of all the key ideas) and Key Word cards to help you further revise. If you put the hours in revising you ll find you will do well in the assessment. Good luck! About the exam The questions in the exam will follow the structure of the AQA GCSE Philosophy and Ethics exams. There will be a mixture of: 1. Short answer questions requiring you to explain key terms, concepts and ideas or express and justify your opinion. 2. One long essay, when you can pick from one of four essay questions. The exam will cover the three topics we have studied this year: 1. Political Ideologies 2. The ethics of Early Life 3. The ethics of War and Conflict
Topic 1 Political Ideologies In this assessment you need to be aware of the following key terms: Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism and Nationalism. Whether you agree/disagree with a political ideology is often influenced by your opinion on human nature. Human Nature is the general thoughts, characteristics, feelings, and behaviour of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans. Some people believe that there is a human nature and that humans are mainly Good or Bad whilst others argue that there is no such thing as human nature. Liberalism Liberalism has had two main definitions as a political ideology; one dating back to the 18 th Century, and a second more closely linked to political and economic changes in the second half of the 20 th Century. 18 th Century view: Liberalism is the idea that Government should exist to protect the rights of individuals. This is more important that the state/country. This was based on a positive view of human nature: people, given freedom, will go on to do good things. Late 20 th Century view: New Right/modern liberalism is the idea that businesses need economic freedom to succeed. The market is the most important thing and anything which a Government does to control or influence a market is bad.
Conservatism Conservatism is, in certain ways, similar to Liberalism. They have a positive view on Human Nature believing that given freedom humans will do good things. However, conservatives are more cautious about the future and often value tradition more than change. Conservatives, for example, may be supporters of traditional power structures like the church. Socialism Unlike Conservatism and Liberalism, Socialism has a different view on the importance of the individual. They believe that the state (the country) is more important than the individual. If the state does well, then people will in turn do well. For this reason Socialists believe that a Government should be involved in running many things, all the way from big businesses producing good like Cars to services such as Hospitals and Schools. Socialism is often associated with the idea of Equality of Outcome where everyone is paid the same (or a similar) amount. Taking to its extreme, Socialism might become Communism. Nationalism Like Socialism, Nationalism supports the idea that the Nation is more important than individuals. Love of one s country is central to this idea; people should strive to work to improve their country over and above improving themselves. Nationalism can be linked to cultural extremism as some Nationalists may be against people from other countries living in their country, whilst other Nationalists are a lot more moderate. They may, for example, simply want political freedom for their own country (much like the Scottish National Party). Potential exam questions and number of marks available are: 1. Explain what is meant by Human Nature (3) 2. Explain what is meant by (one of the ideologies) (3) 3. Liberalism encourages selfishness Do you agree? Explain your opinion (3) 4. The UK is mainly a Socialist country Do you agree? Answer showing you have thought about alternative arguments.
Look through your books, as well as this revision booklet to help you complete the grid below. You may also want to do your own independent research. Political ideology Description of ideology What are the strengths of this ideology? What are the weaknesses? Does this match politics/society in the UK Liberalism This does/does not match the UK because Conservatism This does/does not match the UK because Socialism This does/does not match the UK because Nationalism This does/does not match the UK because
Topic 2 The Ethics of Early Life AQA Spec To do well in this topic you need to understand a number of key terms around early life as well as religious perspectives on these. Key terms and ideas;
Look through your books. What facts and figures can you re-call on the topic? What are the top five most interesting facts you have learnt about abortion and early life? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Look back into your books and complete. If a pregnant woman s life is in danger, how might the quote the quote The Sanctity of Life actually support her right to having an abortion? Religious people would oppose abortion. What do you think? Explain your opinion.
Topic 3 The ethics of War and Conflict AQA Spec Look in your exercise books and summarise the x4 conflicts we studied:
Looking at the three logo s, describe the work of one organisation that works in the area of war and conflict: Ensure you understand religious ideas which are could be used to argue FOR and AGAINST the use of violence: Quote Qu ran 2:190 fight in the way of Allah with those who fight with you... And kill them wherever you find them do not fight with them at the Sacred Mosque until they fight with you in it, but if they do fight you, then slay them; such is the recompense of the unbelievers. Ahimsa (meaning non-violence to any living thing), comes from strength, and the strength is from God, not man. Ahimsa always comes from within. Gandhi (and Hinduism) The Bible: Joshua 6:17 (Old Testament) 17 And the city and all that is within it shall be devoted to the Lord for destruction. The Bible. Matthew 21:12: Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves. The Bible, Exodus 20:13: Thou Shalt not Kill. Qu ran: 2, 208 O You who believe! Enter absolutely into peace (Islam). Do not follow in the footsteps of satan. He is an outright enemy to you. Those who live by the sword, die by the sword. Jesus, when arrested. The Sanctity of Life. Is this FOR or AGAINST? Explain
Can Terrorism be justified? People have different views on this. Terrorism is the use of violence, normally targeted at innocent civilians, for political aims. Why might someone argue That Terrorism can be justified? That Terrorism cannot be Justified? Make sure that you can describe and explain the words below, linking them to the topic and war and conflict and whether it is justifiable.