To The Dean of Studies Social Sciences H.P.U. Shimla 5 Sub: Forwarding of copy of syllabus for B.A Philosophy (regular) according to CBCS template issued by UGC to be implemented from academic session 2016-17, for further necessary action. Respected sir, Kindly find enclosed here with Under the new UGC recommended CBCS system for BA Philosophy (Regular) to be implemented from Academic Session 2016-17, CBCS Course Scheme, the Examination Pattern, CCA Scheme and Paper Setting Format, For further necessary action. Sincerely Yours Dr. PankajBasotia Chairman, Board of Studies, Associate Professor in Philosophy, RGGDC, Shimla 4, Dated: 30-08-2016
Proceedings of the Meeting of (UG) Board of Studies, Dept. of Philosophy Consequent upon Himachal Pradesh University, Office of the Dean of Studies Order No. 1-10/2016-HPU (DS) dated 6-6-2016 and the decision of Executive Council regarding CBCS template issued by UGC to be implemented from academic session 2016-17 a meeting of Board of Studies, Department of Philosophy was held on 30-08-2016 and the decisions taken are as under: Dr.PankajBasotia Dr.ShobhaBareth Chairman Member, Board of Studies, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, R.K.M.V. Shimla 1, H.P Dr. PoonamKumari Member, Board of Studies, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, Govt. College,Sanjauli, Shimla 6, H.P In the meeting following items were discussed and resolved as under: Item No. 1 Under the new UGC recommended CBCS system for BA Philosophy (Regular) to be implemented from Academic Session 2016-17, CBCS Course Scheme, the Examination Pattern, CCA Scheme and Paper Setting Format shall be as under: Approved Dr. PankajBasotia Chairman, Board of Studies, Associate Professor in Philosophy, RGGDC, Shimla 4, H.P Dr. ShobhaBareth Member, Board of Studies, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, R.K.M.V. Shimla 1, H.P Dr. PoonamKumariMember, Board of Studies, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, Govt. College,Sanjauli, Shimla 6, H.P 1
ANNETXURE- I CCA Scheme- Students enrolled for the Academic session 2016-17 onwards CCA will account 30% of the total marks i.e. 100, that a student will get in a course. The breakup of 30% i.e. 30 marks is given below- 1 One minor test 15 marks 2 Assignments/seminars/class test/tutorials/quiz 10 marks 3 Attendance 05 marks 4 Pass Marks =45% 14 Marks It is approved that a student will have to pass both the components i.e. CCA and ESE separately to become eligible to be declared successful in a course. Distribution of Marks for CCA in Each Course in Each Semester 1. Minor Test 15 marks 2. Tutorial/Home assignment 10 marks 3. Attendance 05 marks Total = 30 marks Continuous Comprehensive Assessment (CCA) Pattern: Instructions for conducting Minor Test and Evaluation of Tutorial/Home Assignments/Semi./etc. Minor Test (Marks) Test/Tutorials/Assignments seminar Attendance Total Marks Presentation Test = 15 10 5 30 Time allowed for conducting Minor Test will be 1.3 hrs. (A) * Mode of conducting Minor Test (15 Marks). Minor Test will be conducted after the completion of 48 teaching days (8weeks) Three types of questions will be set in Minor Test:- (1) 5 MCQ (Choice: 1 out of 4) True/False Type of questions of 1marks each = 5 marks. (2) Two questions of short answer type in about 150 words each of 2.5 marks = 5 marks (3) One question of about 500 words, carrying 5 marks = 5 marks Marks (Minor Test) = (1+2+3) = 5 +5+5 = 15 marks Total of Minor Test = 15 (B) Distribution of marks for evaluation of Tutorial/Home Assignment etc.:- (1) 5 marks are assigned for the quality of contents and structure of the assignment (2) 5 marks are assigned for the clarity of language of the script (Hindi/English) and its presentation in the class room) Total marks 5 +5 = 10 marks (C) Attendance = 5 marks Part Section No. of questions Syllabus coverage Nature of Q. & Answers A 1 10 Complete Objective (MCQ) 2 8 Complete Short essay type 100-150 words Question to be attempted Marks 10 1 each 10 5 4 each 20 Max. marks B - 2 Unit 1 About 500 words 1 10 10 C - 2 Unit 2 --do-- 1 10 10 D - 2 Unit 3 --do-- 1 10 10 E - 2 Unit 4 --do-- 1 10 10 Total 70 2
CBCS BA (Regular) Philosophy (Template)- 132 Credits Sem. Core Course (12) Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC) - 2 Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) - 2 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) - 4 Generic (GE) 2 Elective 1st Eng (Eng/MIL Communication)/ Environment DSC-1-A- Introduction to Philosophy DSC-2-A-( Any other subject) 2nd MIL (Eng/MIL Communication)/ Environment DSC-1-B Indian Philosophy-1 DSC-2-B ( Any other subject) 3rd Eng/MIL SEC-1- Introduction to logic DSC-1-C- Indian Philosophy-2 DSC-2-C- (Any other subject) 4 th Eng/MIL SEC- 2 - Ethics-1 DSC-1-D- Indian Philosophy -3 DSC -2-D (Any other subject) 5th SEC-3 - Ethics -2 DSE-1A- Western Philosophy - 1 GE-1- Bhagvad - Gita 6 th DSE-2A- (Any other subject) SEC-4- Applied Ethics DSE- 1-B- Western Philosophy - 2 GE-2- Yoga 3
Choice Based Credit System- B.A. PHILOSOPHY(Regular) S. No. Semester-I Course Paper 1.1 Subject-I Philosophy Discipline Specific Core Introduction to DSC Philosophy IA Credits 6 1.2 Subject- (Any other ) Discipline Specific Core (2 nd discipline DSC 6 elective) A 1.3 ENGLISH Core (Compulsory CC 6 1.4 ENGLISH/MIL Ability Enhancement AEEC 4 (Communication)/ENVIRONMENT AL SCIENCE (Compulsory) SEMESTER- 2.1 Subject-I Philosophy Discipline Specific Core Indian Philosophy - 1 DSC I B 6 2.2 Subject- (Any other) Discipline Specific Core (2 nd discipline DSC 6 elective) B 2.3 MIL CORE CC 6 (COMPULSORY) 2.4 ENGLISH/MIL Ability Enhancement AECC 4 (Communication)/ENVIRONMENT AL SCIENCE (Compulsory) SEMESTER-I 3.1 Subject -I Philosophy Discipline Specific Core Indian Philosophy - 2 DSC I C 6 3.2 Subject- (Any Other) Discipline Specific Core (2 nd discipline DSC 6 elective) C 3.3 ENGLISH CORE (COMPULSORY) CC 6 3.4 Skil based-i Ability Enhancement Introduction to AEEC 4 (Elective) Logic (I) SEMESTER-IV 4.1 Subject-I Philosophy Discipline Specific Core Indian Philosophy - 3 DSC I D 6 4.2 Subject- (Any Other) Discipline Specific Core (2 nd discipline DSC 6 elective) D 4.3 MIL CORE (COMPULSORY) CC 6 4.4. Skill Based-2 Ability Enhancement (Elective Ethics - 1 AEEC (2) 4 Semester-V 5.1 Skill Based-3 Ability Enhancement (Elective Ethics - 2 AEEC (3) 4 5.2 Discipline Specific Elective Course-I Philosophy Western Philosophy-1 DSE-1 6 4
5.3 Discipline Specific Elective Course- From Second Discipline/Subject 5.4 Generic Elective-I (Interdisciplinary) Any one From Second Discipline/Subject Based DSE-2 6 A Bhagavad-Gita GE-I 6 SEMESTER-VI 6.1 Skill Based-4 Applied Ethics AEEC (4) 4 6.2 Discipline Specific Elective course-i Philosophy Western Philosophy-2 6.3 Discipline Specific Elective Course- B) From Second Discipline Subject DSE- IB DSE-2 B 6 6 6.4 Generic Elective- (Interdisciplinary) Any one From Second Discipline Based Yoga GE- 6 Note- The DSC / Any Other subject once opted by the candidate shall not be changed like Core subject. 5
LIST OF COURCES, Code, Credits & Scheme of Marks Core Course (4 Compulsory Papers) Semester I Code Credits Marks ESE CCA Total 1. Introduction to philosophy PHIL101CC 6 70 30 100 Semester 2. Indian philosophy - 1 Semester I 3. Indian philosophy - 2 PHIL202CC 6 70 30 100 PHIL303CC 6 70 30 100 Semester IV 4. Indian philosophy -3 PHIL404CC 6 70 30 100 Skill Enhancement Course (4 Compulsory Papers) Semester I Code Credits Marks ESE CCA Total 1. Introduction PHIL 301 4 70 30 100 to Logic SEC Semester IV 2. Ethics - 1 PHIL 402 4 70 30 100 SEC Semester V 3. Ethics -2 PHIL 503 4 70 30 100 SEC Semester VI 4. Applied Ethics PHIL 604 SEC 4 70 30 100 6
Discipline Specific Elective Papers (2 Compulsory Papers) Semester V Code Credits Marks ESE CCA Total 1. Western philosophy- 1 PHIL 501 DSE 6 70 30 100 Semester VI 2. Western philosophy-2 PHIL 602 DSE 6 70 30 100 Generic Elective (2) Semester V Code Credits Marks 1. Bhagavad- Gita PHIL501 GE ESE CCA Total 6 70 30 100 Semester VI 2. Yoga PHIL602 GE 6 70 30 100 7
BA Philosophy Syllabus (Regular) BA-1st Year (Semester -I) Core Course - DSC- 1-A/2-A Code: PHIL 101 CC Introduction to Philosophy Code -PHIL 101 CC Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L-5, T-1 Core 1 DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY Meaning Nature(Philosophy as method, philosophy as activity) Scope,Relevance, its relation with science, religion and commonsense 30 6 0 I IV BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY METAPHYSICS and its main problems EPOSTEMOLOGY and its main problems AXIOLOGY and its main problems PLATO Main Dialogs Theory of Knowledge Doctrine of ideas ARISTOTLE Criticism of Plato s Doctrine of Ideas Causality/ Change Matter and Form 12 3 0 18 3 0 15 3 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 BOOKS RECOMMNDED: 1. A.C.EWING : FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY 2. H.TITUS : LIVING ISSUES OF PHILOSOPHY 3. W.T.STACE : A CRITICAL HISTORY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY 4. YAKOOB MASIH : WEATERN PHILOSOPHY 5. YAKOOB MASIH : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 6. JAGDISH SAHAY SRIVASTVA: PASHCHATYA DARSHAN KA ANUSHILAN (HINDI) 7. CHANDRADHAR SHARMA : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 8
BA Philosophy Syllabus (Regular) BA-1st Year (Semester -) Core Course - DSC- 1-B/2-B Code: PHIL 202 CC INDIAN Philosophy-1 Code -PHIL 202CC Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L-5, T-1 Core 1 Meaning, Origin and Nature of Darshan; ification of Indian Philosophy. Distinction Between Darshan and Philosophy. 12 3 0 I Vedic Darshan : Rta, Rna, Nasadiya Sukta Purusha Sukta, Hiranyagrabha Sukta. Upanishads: Brahman, Atman and their Identity (Unity) 18 3 0 30 6 0 IV SrimadBhagvadGita : Jnana-Yoga; Karma-Yoga 15 3 0 and Bhakti-Yoga Sthitprajya. Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: Dassgupta: S.N.: history of Indian Philosophy (Eng.&Findi Edition) Vol.!&11. MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. S. Radhakrishanan: Indian Philosophy (Eng. & Hindi Ed) Vol. 1 to 5 MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. Dutta and Chatterjii: An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Eng. &Hindi) Calcutta University, Kolkatta. 9
BA Philosophy Syllabus (Regular) BA-2 nd year (Semester -I) Core Course - DSC- 1-C/2-C Code: PHIL303 CC Indian Philosophy-2 Code -PHIL 303 CC Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L-5, T-1 Core I PRAMA, APRMA AND SIC PRAMANAS EK- TATVAVAD, DVI-TATAVAD AND BAHU- TATVAVAD CARVAKA : Epistemology, Meta- Physics and Ethics 30 6 0 12 3 0 I JAINISM : Nature and classification of Reality, Nayavad, Syadvad, Anekantvad, Kaivalya. 15 3 0 IV BUDDHISM : Four Noble Truths, Pratityasamutpad, 18 3 0 Ksanikavad, Anatmavad, Nirvana, Eight Fold Path. Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: Dassgupta: S.N.: history of Indian Philosophy (Eng.&Findi Edition) Vol.!&11. MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. S. Radhakrishanan: Indian Philosophy (Eng. & Hindi Ed) Vol. 1 to 5 MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. Dutta and Chatterjii: An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Eng. &Hindi) Calcutta University, Kolkatta. 10
BA Philosophy Syllabus (Regular) BA-2 nd Year (Semester -IV) Core Course - DSC- 1-D/2-D Code: PHIL 404 CC Indian Philosophy-3 Code -PHIL 404 CC Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L-5, T-1 Core I I IV A) NYAYA:- PRAMANAS Pratyaksa, Anumanana,shabda,UpamanaArthapatti, Abhava. Proofs for Existence of God (Ishwaravada) B) VAISHESIKA : Saptapadartha Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Vishesa, Samvaya and Abhava. A) SAMKHYA :Purusa, Prakriti, Satkaryavad, Vikasvada, Kaivalya. B) YOGA :Citta, Cittavrttis, Klesas, Samadhi, Astanga- Yoga, Kaivalya. A) MIMAMSA : DHARMA, APOORVA, SABADARTHA, PRAMANA- VICHAR B) ADVAITA-VEDNTA OF SANKARA: CRITERIA OF SAT-ASAT, BRAHMAN, MAYA, JAGAT, MUKTI 12 3 0 18 3 0 30 6 0 A) VISHIST ADVAITA OF RAMANUJA : BRAHMAN, MAYA, JAGAT, PRAPATTI, MUKTI B) DVAITADVAIT O F NIMNBARKA. SHUDHA DVAITA OF MADHVA, VALLABH 15 3 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: Dassgupta: S.N.: history of Indian Philosophy (Eng.&Findi Edition) Vol.!&11. MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. S. Radhakrishanan: Indian Philosophy (Eng. & Hindi Ed) Vol. 1 to 5 MotiLalBanarasiDass, New-Delhi. Dutta and Chatterjii: An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Eng. &Hindi) Calcutta University, Kolkatta. 11
Syllabus BA-2 nd Year (Semester -I) SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE Code PHIL 301SEC INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC Code PHIL 301 SEC Credits -4 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Skill EnhancementCourse I Nature and Scope of Logic, Propositions, Arguments and their Forms, Deduction and Induction. Truth and Validity. Categorical Propositions and es, Connotation and Denotation of terms, Distributions of Terms. 20 5 0 I Categorical Syllogism IV Propositional Logic. Four Fold ification of Propositions, Truth Tables. 15 4 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: 1. M.Copi : Introduction to Logic 2. Cohen &Negal : Introduction to Logic and Scientific Methods. 12
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-2 nd Year (Semester -IV) SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE Code PHIL 402SEC ETHICS -1 Code PHIL 402 SEC Credits -4 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Skill Enhancement Course I DEFINATION OF ETHICS 1. Meaning, Nature, Scope and Method of Ethics 2. Ethics as normative science 3. Moral concepts: Good, Right, Duty, Value etc. 4. Postulates of Morality Levels of Morality 1. Reflective and customary Morality MORAL THEORIES: 1. Hedonism: psychological and moral 2. Egoism: psychological and moral 20 5 0 I Utilitarianism : 1. Bentham 2. John Stuart Mill 3. Sedgwick IV Perfectionism: Hegel T.H.Green F.H.Bradley 15 4 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: William Lillie A.Macintyre John Mackenzie Dr. VedPrakashVerma : An Introduction to Ethics : A Short History Ethics : A manual of Ethics : Nitishastrakemoolsiddhant 13
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 28. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -V) SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE Code PHIL 503SEC ETHICS -2 Code PHIL 503 SEC Credits -4 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Skill EnhancementCourse 27. I INTUITIONISM 1. Bishop Butler 2. G.E. Moore KANT Theory of categorical imperative 20 5 0 I IV PLATO and ARISTOTLE Theory of Virtue FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT 30 4 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: William Lillie A.Macintyre John Mackenzie Dr. VedPrakashVerma : An Introduction to Ethics : A Short History Ethics : A manual of Ethics : Nitishastrakemoolsiddhant 14
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -VI) SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE Code PHIL 604 SEC APPLIED ETHICS Code PHIL 604 SEC Credits -4 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 skill enhancementcourse I NORMATIVE ETHICS AND APPLIED ETHICS, BIO- TEACHNOLOGY AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS, ABORTION, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, SUICIDE AND EUTHANASIA I ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: CONCEPT, STATISFACTION OF HUMAN NEEDS AND EXPLOITATION OF NATURE, SHALLOW ECOLOGY AND DEEP ECOLOGY ENCIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES. DIFFERENT MODELS FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS. 20 5 0 IV BUSINESS ETHICS : THE CONCEPTS OF PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL STRESS AND TENTION CYBER ETHICS : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND RELATED ETHICALS PROBLEMS 30 4 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 Books Recommended: 1. R. Chadwick: (Ed): Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics. 2. Patrick Curry : Ecological Ethics 2006 3. H.C. Greighton: Philosophy and Ecological Problems of Civilization 15
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -V) DISCIPLINESPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE Code PHIL 501DSEWESTERN PHILOSOPHY - 1 Code PHIL 501 DSE Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Discipline Specific Elective Course I THEOTIES OF TRUTH : COHERENCE, CORRESPINDENCE AND PRAGMATIC THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE : RATIONALISM DESCARTES, SPINOZA AND LEIBNITZ 20 5 0 I EMPIRICISM: LOCKE, BERKELEY AND HUME IV IMMANUAL KANT : SYNTHESIS OF RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM 30 4 0 Total 75 + 15 = 90 BOOKS RECOMMNDED: 8. A.C.EWING : FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY 9. H.TITUS : LIVING ISSUES OF PHILOSOPHY 10. W.T.STACE : A CRITICAL HISTORY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY 11. YAKOOB MASIH : WEATERN PHILOSOPHY 12. YAKOOB MASIH : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 13. JAGDISH SAHAY SRIVASTVA: PASHCHATYA DARSHAN KA ANUSHILAN (HINDI) 14. CHANDRADHAR SHARMA : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 16
52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -VI) DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE Code PHIL 602 DSE WESTERN PHILOSOPHY - 2 Code PHIL 602 DSE Credits -6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Discipline Specific Elective Course I REALISM : METAPHYSICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL IDEALISM : OBJECTIVE, SUBJECTIVE AND ABSOLUTE 20 5 0 I MATERIALISM : MECHANICAL AND DIALECTICAL IV CAUSALITY: ARISTOLTLE AND HUME PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD 30 4 0 NATURE OF GOD : THEISM, DEISM AND PANTHEISM Total 75 + 15 = 90 BOOKS RECOMMNDED: 15. A.C.EWING : FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS OF PHILOSOPHY 16. H.TITUS : LIVING ISSUES OF PHILOSOPHY 17. W.T.STACE : A CRITICAL HISTORY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY 18. YAKOOB MASIH : WEATERN PHILOSOPHY 19. YAKOOB MASIH : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 20. JAGDISH SAHAY SRIVASTVA: PASHCHATYA DARSHAN KA ANUSHILAN (HINDI) 21. CHANDRADHAR SHARMA : PASCHATYA DARSHAN (HINDI) 17
64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -V) GENERIC ELECTIVE Code PHIL 501 G E BHAGWADGITA Code PHIL 501GE Credits - 6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Generic Elective I 15 3 0 CHAPTER 1 TO 5 15 5 0 CHAPTER - 6 TO 10 I CHAPTER - 11 TO 14 15 3 0 IV CHAPTER 15 TO 18 30 4 0 TOTAL 75+15=90 18
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. B.A Philosophy Syllabus BA-3 rd Year (Semester -VI) GENERIC ELECTIVE Code PHIL 602 G E YOGA Code PHIL 602 GE Credits 6 L (L = Lecture) T (T= Tutorial) L5, T-1 Generic Elective I 15 3 0 THE DEFINITION AND ESSENCE OF YOGA I JNANA YOGA, BHAKTI YOGA AND KARMA YOGA YOGA IN JAINISM, YOGA IN BUDDHIMS (VIPASSANA) AND YOGA IN BHAGVADGITA 20 5 0 IV PATANJALI S ASTANGIK YOGA MARGA 20 4 0 TOTAL 75 + 15 = 90 RECOMMENDED READINGS: ABHISHIKTANANDA, SWAMI: (1974) GURU AND DISCIPLE, LONDON: SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF CHRISTIONA KNOWLEDGE, ARAYA, H.: (1983) YOGA PHILOSOPHY OF PATANJALI, REV. ED.. TRANS. BY P.N. MUKHARJI, ALBANY, NEW YOURK: SUNY PRESS, BHATTACHARYA, H. (1956) (ED.). THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA, CALCUTTA: RAMKRISHNA MISSION INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, 4 VOL. CLEARY, T. (1995) TRANSLATED BUDDHIST YOGA: A COMPERHENSIVE COURSE, BOSTON, MASS: SHAMBHALA PUBLICATIONS. DASGUPTA, S.N.(1930) YOGA PHILOSOPHY IN RELATION TO OTHER SYSTEMS OF INDIAN THOUGHT, CALCUTTA: UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA. GOPALAN S. (1974) OUTLINES OF JAINISM, JOHN WILEY & SONS (ASIA) PTE LTD. KAVEESHWAR, G.W. (1971) THE ETHICS OF THE GITA, DELHI: MOTILAL BANARSIDAS. 19