Final Exam Review Guide Fall 2015-16 Hathaway WHaG 1. What is the most important square/item in chart, and why is it so important? 2. Why does having strangers (people who are not related to each other) this lead to a society needing rules and something like a police force and so on? Know the following TERMS if you don t know them look them up and write out a brief definition. Confucius Allah Vedas Nirvana Ramadan mosque Hinduism Jesus Qur an Muhammad karma apostle hajj Judaism Buddha gospels Mecca Torah 4 noble truths messiah Islam Abraham Siddartha Gautama Christ 5 Pillars of Islam monotheism The Middle Way (aka the Eight-fold path) Be ready to match vocab items with the appropriate religion. For example: 3. Most of those who follow this religion live in India. a. Christianity b. Hinduism c. Buddhism 4. The sacred text of this religion is the Torah. a. Hinduism b. Islam c. Judaism 5. This religion was founded by Siddartha Gautama. a. Judaism b. Islam c. Buddhism 6. This religion says that people are reincarnated. a. Christianity b. Islam c. Hinduism 7. How did Buddhism spread to areas outside of India?
8. What are the 4 Noble Truths? (List them in the proper order.) 1. 3. 2. 4 9. Who were the two key leaders/figures mentioned in class who made or renewed the special agreement between the Hebrews and God that are the basis for Judaism? Circle the one who started Judaism. Put a star next to the one connected to the 10 Commandments. 10. How is karma important in terms of achieving moksha? 11. How does Buddhism have similar beliefs? 12. What do Judaism, Christianity, 13. What river separates the 3 monotheistic and Islam have in common as from the other two of the 5 major world a primary belief? religions? 11. Which religions say (for at least some who follow that faith) that eating pork is NOT allowed? 12. What are the 5 pillars of Islam? 13. a. What was the Parthenon? b. What was its purpose? c. Where was it located? (not just give the name of a city) 14. Which famous Greek philosopher was put to death for corrupting the youth of Athens? 15. Before Rome was an empire, what was it? 16. When and what was the Pax Romana? 17. Match the person with their country/place 1. Alexander the Great 2. Julius Caesar 3. Augustus 4. Hannibal 5. Socrates 6. Attila 7. Plato 8. Aristotle A. enemy of Rome (Huns) B. Greece (Socrates s student) C. Rome D. Greece E. enemy of Rome (Carthage) F. Rome G. Macedonia H. Greece (Plato s student) 8. LIST WORDS THAT DESCRIBE or NAME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS. (hint: there are at least 5)
18. What WIND helped trade between India and Africa/the Mediterranean world (by way of the Red Sea)? 19. What sorts of goods were traded FROM India TO the Mediterranean world? (list 2, in addition to those associated with a weed, grass, and the larva of a beetle) 20. How do coins from the Kushan empire (in northern India/Afghanistan, etc.) show that it was connected to, and influenced by near-by cultures? 21. a. Who ruled the Roman Empire as the time of Kanishka ruling the Kushan empire? b. What dynasty ruled China then? 23. The main religions of India during the Mauryan and Gupta empires were: 24 a. Which Indian religion spread via trade routes? 25. What did the Roman Empire trade TO India? b. Which ruler(s)/empire(s) were more tolerant? ABOUT AFRICA early states/empires. 26. a. What two, main trade goods were exchanged in trade between West African kingdoms and their partners crossing the Sahara? and b. How did West African rulers grow rich from this trade? c. What was the Bantu migration and what effects did it have? d. What main trade goods did the East African kingdoms produce? 29. What were the 3 main West African kingdoms in the medieval era, from earlier to later? 1 st : 2 nd : 3 rd : 30. Write a brief definition for each of the following a. Nok b. Mansa Musa EXAMPLE: Early people of Nigeria, worked iron 27. a. Sahel a. Large desert in Africa b. Maghreb b. Grassy plain c. savanna c. Land at southern edge of the Sahara d. Sahara d. Part of North Africa that is today the Mediterranean coast of Morocco 28. Match the Medieval African state with its description a. Songhai e. Ghana b. Hausa f. Mutapa c. Yoruba g. Great Zimbabwe d. Mali 1. Southeast African city; became an empire built on gold trade 2. Southern African empire established by the leader Mutota 3. (earlier) West African empire that grew rich from trade 4. (later) West African empire that grew rich from trade 5. West African empire that conquered Mali 6, West African people who lived in several city-states of what is now northern Nigeria 7. West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin c. animism
Islam s Golden Age 31. After the death of Muhammad, how did Sunni and Shi a versions of Islam differ over leadership of Muslims? (Remember: the Islam Expands packet switched Sunni and Shi a definitions) 32. a) The first Muslim dynasty: (circle one) Umayyads / Abbasids. b) Who did not openly resist Umayyads? S(circle one) Sunni / Shi a c) Who s capital was Baghdad? (circle one) Umayyads / Abbasids d) Which ruled al-andalus? (circle one) Umayyads / Abbasids 33. Where was al-andalus? Where was Cordoba, and what was it like? (note: al-andalus and Cordoba are two names for the same overall kingdom) 34. How did Muslim scholars help save the learning of the West? 35. How did some of the beliefs and practices of Islam lead to advances in learning in general and/or in such areas as geography? Write customs/habits from Ziryab here 38. For each category give examples medicine mathematics (each) of how Muslim scholars developed knowledge. 39. Where did Ziryab live? What are some of the ways Ziryab shaped habits and customs? ABOUT THE EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES 41. What is the connection between the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire? 40. What dates and/or events mark the beginning and end of the Middle Ages? Beginning = End = 42. What was the Byzantine Empire s capital? 43. What was its main religion? 44. Which groups attacked, or raided ( a) the Byzantine Empire? (b) Western Europe (4 mentioned in the Middle Ages PowerPoint) 45. How was feudalism (knights, etc.) a response to that raiding of Western Europe? 47. What happened to trade and cities as result of the Fall of the TRADE: CITIES: Roman Empire, and raiding by Germanic barbarians and others? 48. When the Roman Empire stopped ruling over Western Europe, what was the basis for the new kind of government that arose to replace it? 49. What were the 3 main groups (and/or their jobs) of feudal society? 50. a) What did lords give to peasants? c) What did a vassal get from his (liege) lord? b) What did peasants give to the lord? d) What did a vassal owe his (liege) lord? 51. a) With central governments weak the was the most important force in European society. (fill in blanks) b) How could the Church punish those who broke its canon laws? (there are 2 main items to know) 52. What were the Crusades? 53. What were some achievements and/or inventions of the Tang and Song Dynasties? 54. a) What sort of tactics did the Mongols use? b) How did they treat those who resisted being conquered?
c) How did they treat those who surrendered / accepted Mongol rule? e) What was the Pax Mongolica? 55. a) WHEN did the Bubonic Plague strike Europe? b) HOW did it spread? c) What % of Europe s population (Note: it did so more than once, but died in the 1348 outbreak? when was the most famous outbreak?) d) How did it change the economy of Europe? 56. a) What new inventions / know-how / equipment made it b) Which new routes/etc. were discovered possible for Europeans to explore new sea routes in the 1400s? by which European countries? 57. a) Which direction (up/down), and why did the population level of the Amazon Basin change when Europeans arrived? b) Which civilization had codex s? Which had quipu? How are those items similar? c) What was a mita? Which civilization is it associated with? 58. What food crop was particularly important to people living in Central Mexico? 59. a) How did Spain s encomienda system b) Describe the Atlantic Slave Trade get work from Native Americans? conditions aboard ships and treatment of Africans, as well as the triangular trade pattern. 60. a) In general terms what was the Columbian exchange? b) What crops and animals were native to the Americas? (and so, were new to Europeans)? (name 3-6) c) What crops and animals came from Europe to the Americas? (name 4-5) d) Besides crops and animals, what else [that had a REALLY bad impact] did Europeans bring to the Americas? 61. a) What was humanism? b) What shows Ancient Greece/Rome s influence on the Renaissance? (How did Renaissance views differ from those of the Middle Ages?) What cargos/goods moved along each side of the triangle? 62. a) How was Renaissance art different from art of the Middle Ages? b. How did wealth from trade lead to Renaissance art? 63. a. How did inventing the printing press help the Protestant Reformation? How else did the printing press change things? b. How did use of the vernacular also help in spreading ideas and changing people s beliefs? c. Who (which groups) did the Spanish Inquisition tend to target? 64. WRITE OUT A BRIEF DEFINITION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING. Renaissance (when, where, general description) Martin Luther indulgence protestant reformation