GLOSSARY. PÈli word Meaning Page no, in theisis. Abhidhamma The Ultimate Realities 56. Adhimokkha Decision 21

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233 GLOSSARY PÈli word Meaning Page no, in theisis A Abhidhamma The Ultimate Realities 56 Adhimokkha Decision 21 AdhiÔÔhÈna Determination 25 AggasÈvaka The chief disciples 26 Akusala Cetasika The fourteen unwholesome mental factors 21 AnÈgÈmi The non-returner 19 AnÈgÈmimagga The one realizing the path of Non-return 4 AnÈgÈmiphala The one realizing the fruition of Nonreturn 4 AnÈtha The helpless 16 Anicca Impermanence 21 AnupÈdisesanibbÈna The Unconditioned state 27 AppamÈnacetovimutti The measureless liberated of mind 117 ApÈya The four woeful realms 1 Arahat Enlighten being 20 Arahattamagga The one realizing the path of Holiness 4 Arahattaphala The one realizing the fruition of Holiness 4

234 ArahattaphalasamÈpatti The fruition attainment of Arahantship 66 Ariyamagga The path of the Noble Ones 5 Ariyapuggala The Noble One 5 AriyÈ The Noble Ones 2 Ar parèga The attachment to fine-material existence Asekkha The Noble One 116 AvijjÈ Ignorance Œdhi And so on 150 ŒmisÈnuggaha Giving the material help 5 Œsava Canker 13 Œsavakkhaya The utter destruction of all cankers 112 B Bhaddakappa The fortune aeon 90 BhavarÈga The attachment the Existence BhikkhinÊ Nun 213 Bhikkhu Monk 213 Bodhisatta Buddha to be 1 BrahmanÈ Noble Ones 7 C Cut papètaòèóa rebirth ChaÄabhiÒÒÈ 60 The knowledge of the death and of beings 112 The six supernatural powers D Deva God 107 Dhamma The Buddha s teaching 49

235 DhammadhÈtu The essence of Dhamma 57 Dhammapada The path of Dhamma 6 DhammÈnusÈrÊ The Dhamma-devotee 21 DiÔÔhi Wrong view DiÔÔhippatta The vision attainer 21 DivvacakkhuÒÈÓa The knowledge of the divine eye 111 DivvasotaÒÈÓa The knowledge of the divine ear 111 Domanassa Grief 107 Dosa Hatred 21 Dukkha Suffering 1 DukkhasaccÈ The truth of suffering 1 I IddhividhaÒÈÓa The knowledge of the creation of the powers 112 Issariya Being authoritative 70 IssÈ envy J JarÈ Decay 107 JÈti birth 107 JhÈna Concentration of mind 1 K Kamm pagaòèóa 113 KasiÓa KÈma 70 The knowledge of faring on in accordance with one s Kamma An object for meditation Desire

236 KÈyasakkhÊ The body-witness 21 KhandhÈ Body or the aggregates 60 Khattiya A man of the warrior caste 31 KhippabhiÒÒa quickness of understanding 165 Kukkucca Remorse 21 L Lobha Mundane 106 Lokiya Craving 27 M MaggasaccÈ The truth of the way leading to cessation of suffering 1 Mahaggatacetovimutti The exalted liberation of mind 119 MahÈpaÒÒa The great wisdom 56 MahÈsamaÓa The Buddha 49 MahÈsÈvaka The great disciples 26 ManomayakÈya Mind-made body 109 MaraÓa death 107 MettÈ Loving-kindness N Naya Method 75 NibbÈna The real peace 20 Niddesa At length 12 Niggamana Conclusion Nikkhama Renunciation 25 NirodhasaccÈ The truth of cessation of suffering 1 NissaraÓa Liberation

237 O OrambhÈgiya Lower 19 P PaÔigha Avertion PaÔipadÈ Practicing 1 PaÔisambhidÈÒÈÓa Analytical knowledge 135 PaÒÒÈ Wisdom 1 PaÒÒÈvimutta The wisdom liberated one 21 ParicittavijÈnanaÒÈÓa The knowledge of other persons mind 113 Parideva Lamentation 1 Payatta Making effort 70 PÈramÊ Perfections 25 Phala Fruition 4 PiÓÉa Alms 16 PupaÑ Cake 102 PuvvenivÈsanussatiÒÈÓa The knowledge of the past life 112 R R pakkhandhè The aggregate of matter 2 R parèga Attachment to immaterial existence S SaccÈ Truthfulness 25 SaddÈnusÈrÊ The faith-devotee 21 SaddhÈvimutta The faith liberated one 21 SakadÈgÈmimagga The one realizing the path of Oncereturn 17 SakadÈgÈmiphala The one realizing the fruition of Oncereturn17 SakkÈyadiÔÔhi View in personality 121 SamaÓa monk 7

23 SamudayasaccÈ The truth of the cause of suffering 1 SaÑgha The monks 52 SaÑkhittena briefly 12 SaÑsÈra The round of birth and death 2 SaÑyojana Defilement SaÓkhÈrakkhandhÈ The aggregate of mental formation 2 SaÒÒÈkkhandhÈ The aggregate of perception 2 SapaÔÔhÈna The four foundations of mindfulness 97 Sekkha Those who are still in training 116 SÊla Precept SÊlabbataparÈmÈsa Adhere SirÊ Being glorius 70 Soka Sorrow 1 SotÈpanna Stream-winner 4 SotÈpattimagga The realization the path of stream-winning 17 SotÈpattiphala The realization the fruition of stream-winning 17 SotÈpattiyaÓga The factors of SotÈpanna 17 Sukha Happiness 1 T TahÓÈ craving 107 TathÈgata The Buddha 47 Thina Sloth 27 U UbhatobhÈgavimutta The both-ways-liberated one 21

239 Uddacca Restlessness Uddesa With a short statement 12 UddhambhÈgiya Higher 19 UpacÈrasamÈdhi Access concentration 111 Upakkilesa Imperfection 10 Upasa ÑpaÈ The higher ordination 136 UpekkhÈ Equanimity 23 UpÈsakÈ Lay men 231 UpÈsikÈ Lay women 231 UpÈyÈsa Despair 17 Uposatha 22 Observance of Eight precepts V VaÓÓa Caste System 30 Vassa Trader 31 VedanÈkkhandhÈ The aggregate of feeling 2 VÊriya Energy 25 VicikicchÈ Doubt VijjÈ The Supreme knowledge ViÒÒÈÓakkhandhÈ The aggregate of perception 2 Y Yakkha The malicious demon 6 Yasa Good reputation 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY

240 (A) Primary Sources 1. Abhidhammattha-sa~gaha-PÈli, Yangon, Myanmar: Department of Religious Affairs, 1993. 2. A~guttara NikÈya: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997: PTS editions (Vol. 1,2,3,4,5): Luzac & Company. LTD. 46, Great Russell Street, W.C. 1. 195, 1960, 1961, 1967. 3. A~guttara AtthakathÈ: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 195. 4. ApÈdÈna: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 195. 5. AtthasÈlinÊ AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition: Buddha SÈsana Asso- ciation Press, 1961. 6.BuddhasaÑsa PÈÄi and AÔÔakathÈ Myanmar edition: Buddha SÈsana Asso- ciation Press, 1961. 7. Dhammapada PÈli: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3) Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997; PTS edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD. London, and Bostom 1975.. Dhammapada AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition: Buddha SÈsana Asso- ciation Press, 1961. 9: Dhammasa~ganÊ PÈli Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 195. 10. DÊgha NikÈya: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2): Depart- ment of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 195. 11. DÊgha NikÈya AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 1959 12. Itivuttaka PÈli: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affair Press, Yangon, 1997 13. JÈtaka PÈli: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 199. 14. Khuddaka NikÈya: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 199. 15. Khuddaka NikÈya and AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 199. 16. JÈtaka AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 1997 17. Majjhima NikÈya: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon. 1997: PTS editions

241 (Vol. 1,2,3,4): Routedge & Kegan Paul LTD. London, Henley and Boston 1979 1. MahÈvagga(Vinaya): Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3,4): Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 1959 19. Majjhima NikÈya AÔÔakathÈ Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997 20. PaÔisambhidÈmagga AÔÔakathÈ Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997 21. SaÑyutta NikÈya: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997: PTS editions (Vol. 1,2,3,4,5,6), Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD. London and Boston 1973 22. SaÑyutta NikÈya AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2,3): Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 1957 23. Sutta NipÈta PÈli: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997: PTS editions; Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD. London, Boston, Melboune and Henley, 1965 24. Sutta NipÈta AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2) Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 1957 25. UdÈna PÈli and AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997: PTS editions Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD. London, Boston and Henley, 192 26. Vinaya PiÔaka: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2) Department of Religious Affair Press, Yangon, 1997 27. Vinaya PiÔaka AÔÔakathÈ: Myanmar edition (Vol. 1,2) Department of Religious Affair Press, Yangon, 1997 2. Vibhanga: Myanmar edition: Department of Religious Affairs Press, Yangon, 1997 29. Visuddhimagga (Vol. 1,2): Myanmar edition: Buddha SÈsana Association Press, Yangon, 1957 (B) PÈli Sources in English Translation 1. A~guttara NikÈya: The Book of the Gradual Sayings. Trans. F.L. Woodward and E.M. Hare. 5 vols. PTS, 1932-1936. A~guttara NikÈya: An Anthology. Trans. Nyanaponika Thera; 3 parts. BPS, 1970-1976.

242 2. AtthasÈlinÊ: The Expositor. Trans. Pe Maung Tin; 2 vols. PTS, 1920-21. 3. BuddhavaÑsa: The Chronicle of Buddhas. Trans. I. B. Horner. In Minor Anthologies of the PÈli Canon, part 3. PTS, 1975. 4. Dhammapada PÈli:, ed. T.W. Thys Davids and J.E. Carpenter, 3 Volumes, London: PTS, 190-1911. 5. Dhammapada AÔÔakathÈ The Dhammapada: The Buddha s Path of Wisdom. Trans. Acharya Buddharakkhita. BPS, 195. 6. DÊgha NikÈya PÈli: Trans. E.W. Burlingame. 3 vols. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1921; repr., PTS, 1969. 7. Itivuttaka: The Buddha s Sayings. Trans. John D. Ireland. BPS, 1991.. JÈtaka: The Jataka, or Stories of the Buddha s Former Births. Trans.under the editorship of E. B. Cowell. 6 vols. Cambridge, 195-1905; repr. in 3 vols., PTS, 1972; Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1990. 9. MahÈparinibbÈna Suttanta: Last Days of the Buddha. Trans. by Sister VajirÈ and Francis Story. Rev. ed. BPS, 19. 10. Majjhima NikÈya: The Middle length Discourses of the Buddha. Trans. Bhikkhu ÈÓamoli and Bhikkhu Bodhi: Wisdom Publications; BPS, 1995. 11. MilindapaÒha: Milinda s Question. Trans. I. B. Horner. 2 vols. PTS, 1963-63. 12.PaÔisambhidÈmagga: The Path of Discrimination. Trans.Bhikkhu ÈÓamoli. 192. 13. SaÑyutta NikÈya: The Book of the Kindred Sayings. Trans. C. A. F. Rhys Davids and F. L. Woodward. PTS, 1917-30. SaÑyutta NikÈya: An Antholody. Trans. John D. Ireland, Bhikkhu ÈÓamoli, and Maurice Walshe. 3 parts. BPS, 1967-5 14.SuttanipÈta: The Sutta-NipÈta. Trans. H. SaddhÈtissa. London: Curzon. 195. 15. TheragÈthÈ:The Psalm of the Brethren. Trans. C. A. F. Rhys

243 Davids. PTS, 1931. 16. TherÊgÈthÈ: The Psalm of the Sisters. Trans. C. A. F. Rhys Davids. PTS, 1909. 17. UdÈna: The UdÈda: Inspired Utterances of The Buddha. Trans. John D. Ireland. BPS, 1990. 1.VimÈnavatthu: Vimana story. Trans. Peter Masefield. PTS. 199. 19.Vinaya PiÔaka: The Book of the Discipline. Trans. I. B. Horner. 5 vols. PTS. 193 66. 20. Visuddhimagga. The Path of Purification. Trans. Bhikkhu ÈÓamoli. Colombo. Semage, 1956; BPS, 1975. (C) Secondary Sources. 1.Ambedkar, DR. B.R. Buddha and His Dhamma, Buddha Bhoomi Publication, Nagpur, 1997. 2. Gunapala Dharmasiri, Fundamentals of Buddhist Ethics, The Buddhist Research Society, Singapore, 3. Ghury, Caste and Race in India, by London, 1932. 4. Studies in the Buddhistic Culture of India, by L.M. Joshi, Delhi, 1967, 5. Malalasekara and K. N. Jayatilleke, Buddhism and the Race Question, G. P. by Paris, Unesco: 195, 1960. 6. Malalasekara, G. P. Dictionary of Pali Propernaems. PTS, 7. Maurice Walshe, Long Discourse of the Buddha, PBS, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 1996.. NÈrada MahÈ Thera, The Buddha and His Teachings, Karunaratne and Sons Ltd. 647 Mawatha, Colombo 10, 19

244 9. Nyanatiloka Thero. Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist terms and Doctrines. 4 th ed. BPS.19. 10. Nyanaponika Thero and Hellmuch Hecker, The Great Disciples of the Buddha, Buddhist Publication Society of Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1995. 1959. 11. Rhys Davids. Pali Englishe Dictionary, PTS. 172. 12. R. K. Mukerjee, The Culture and Art of India, London, 13.Sri Dhammananda, K. What Buddhist Believes, Laser Press Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 199 14. Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught, Printed in Great Britain by Unw in Brothers Ltd. Old Woking, Surrey, 197 CD-ROMS 1. ChaÔÔha Sa~gÈyanÈ CD-Rom: Version 3, Vipassana Research Institute, Igatpuri, India, 1999 2. PÈli-English Dictionary CD-Rom: T. W. Rhys Davids & William Stede. Luzac & Company. LTD. 46 Great Russell Street, London, W.C. I, 1966