TIME AND SEQUENCE First /Firstly (Secondly, Thirdly ) First of all In the first place To begin /start with After a while After that Afterwards Later Next Then At last In the end Eventually En primer lloc, en segon lloc Primer de tot En primer lloc Per començar Passada una estona Després d això Després Més tard Després Llavors Finalment Al final Finalment Used to refer to the first/second/third thing in a list Before anything else Used to give the first important reason for something After the time mentioned After something has been discussed or after a lot of effort, problems There are two reasons: Firstly, I am not hungry. Secondly, I don t like it. First of all, I went to go to London. Then to Paris. It was awful! To begin with, our plane was delayed. Then we couldn t find our luggage. We had a coke, and afterwards we went for a walk I ve finished my essay at last! We wanted to go to Canada, but in the end we didn t go. He seemed to be quite healthy when he eventually died Finally Finalment Used to introduce the last point or idea Finally, I would like to thank everyone
Till /until Fins Up to the time I was there until 5 o clock! While Mentre During the time that I was reading while he was watching TV Whenever Cada vegada que Every or any time I laugh whenever I see this picture Since Des de llavors From a particular time in the past until now I haven t seen him since I was ten. For Durant Used to show an amount of time I haven t been here for years In the meantime Meanwhile Mentrestant Mentrestant While something else is happening It will not be repaired until Thursday. In the meantime, use my computer.
ADDING Besides A més de In addition to Do you like motorbikes besides cars? What s more És més Used to add something surprising to what you have just said The cake was delicious and what s more, I made it myself. As well També I will go to the cinema as well. Also També In addition I will also go to the cinema. Too També I will go to the cinema too. Not to mention No cal dir Used when you want to emphasize something you are adding to a list She is the prettiest, not to mention, richest woman I know
EMPHASIZING Above all Sobretot Most importantly Above all, I want to thank you Especially especialment Very much, particularly She is especially interested in maths Indeed Realment, efectivament Really, certainly In Africa some people are very rich indeed In particular En particular Especially In particular, I liked the kitchen
COMPARING The same In the same way Igual de la mateixa manera Exactly alike I treat all my students the same Like Igual que In the same way, similar to She looks like her sister As Igual que Like, in the same way He went to New York last summer, as I did in May. As with Igual que As with his father, he has a great sense of humour
CAUSE OR REASON As Com que Because As I was late, I left early Because Perquè For the reason that Why did you come? Because I was invited Because of For Degut a, a causa de, per As a result of I arrived late because of a traffic jam Per Because of, as a result of something He was in prison for murder Since Ja que Because, as Since we have time, we could go to the cinema. Thanks to Gràcies a Because of someone or something Due to Degut a Because of Out of Per Used to show the reason why someone does something It s thanks to my sister that I have passed the exam. Due to her effort, she is now the owner of this big enterprise I came to Spain out of necessity. I didn t have a good job in my country.
RESULT OR EFFECT So Per tant And for that reason I had backache, so I went to the doctor Thus Therefore That s why This is the reason why Així, d aquesta manera Per tant Per la qual cosa Aquesta és la raó per la qual With this result For that reason For that reason Used to provide an explanation We could take that plane and thus arrive there earlier She didn t study for the exam and therefore she got a fail. I like sunbathing, that s why I enjoy going to the beach. I love you. This is the reason why I have come back. As a result of Arrel de Because of something My marks are better now as a result of my effort.
CONTRASTING But Però Used to introduced an added statement, usually something that is different from what you have said before She is very intelligent but not very friendly Although / Though Encara que But He is quite unfriendly, although he is a good man While / Whereas Mentre que Compared with the fact that, but He is very hard-working, whereas his sister is really lazy Unlike A diferència de Different from He is quite tall, unlike his brother Otherwise On the one hand, on the other hand, On the contrary Altrament D una banda, de l altra, Al contrari Differently, in another way Used when you are comparing two different facts Used to show that you think or feel the opposite of what has just been stated Norma Jean, otherwise known as Marilyn Monroe, died young. On the one hand, I would like to travel, but on the other hand, I prefer to stay because I don t have much money. It was not fun, on the contrary, I think it was a bad joke.
QUALIFYING However Even though Even if Although Though No matter what/ when /how Whether or Unless Despite For all No obstant Encara que Fins i tot si Encara que No importa que, quan, com Tant si com si A menys que Despite this Despite the fact that Used to emphasize that something cannot be changed Used especially in reporting questions and expressing doubts Except if There may be a lot of possible solutions. However, I can t see them. She went to the party, although I told her not to go. I can t understand this, no matter how hard I try. It s an interesting answer, whether or not it is true. Unless you are good at football, you are not going to be accepted in the club. Malgrat Without being influenced by Despite her bad marks, her parents are happy. In spite of A pesar de Despite As / so long as Apart from Mentre Excepte per, a part de Used to say that something must happen before something else can happen Except for, not considering Yet / still Tot i així Despite that In spite of his problems, he will come to dinner tomorrow. As long as I can leave by 3 pm, I will arrive on time. Apart from the noise, it is a beautiful flat Dangerous yet exciting. You may not like it, but he s still your friend.
EXEMPLIFYING AND EXPLAINING For example / For instance In other words Per exemple Dit d una altra manera, en altres paraules Used when giving an example of the type of thing you mean Used when you want to clarify what you have said That is to say És a dir Or more exactly Such as / Like Com For example I can be healthier by, for example, eating more vegetables. I like going to the mountains and to the beach; in other words, I like both the mountains and the beach. Luke, that is to say, my brother, will come to visit us I have this dress for special occasions such as weddings.
EXPRESSING GOALS To / In order to / So as to Per / per tal de With the aim of achieving something I came here in order to have a better life
SIDETRACKING Anyway By the way In fact / As a matter of fact bé Per cert De fet, en realitat Used to change the subject, return to an earlier subject or get to the most interesting point Used to introduce a new subject for consideration or to give further information Used to add emphasis to what you are saying, or to show that it is the opposite of or different from what they went before Anyway, I said that tomorrow I can t come. We are done for today. By the way, don t forget the homework I m not sure. In fact, I have never think about it
HESITATING Well I mean You see You know Bé Vull dir Veus Saps Phrases with little meaning, which you use while you are trying to think of what to say next Well, I just thought, you know, it s time to go home
EXPRESSING AN ALTERNATIVE Not only but also Either or Neither nor I wonder / don t know whether or No només sinó també O o Ni ni Em pregunto/ no sé si o Used to say that two related things are true or happened, especially when this is surprising or shocking Used when there is a choice between two different plans of action, but both together are not possible Used when you want to say that two or more things are not true Used especially in reporting questions and expressing doubts Not only did he arrive late, but also forgot his books We can either visit a museum or go sightseeing. Neither my friends nor my parents can understand me. I wonder whether we will win the championship or not
CONCLUSION In brief In short Finally Last but not least En resum En resum Finalment En últim lloc, però no per això menys important Used to say something in a very short form, with very few details Used before describing something or someone in as few words and as directly as possible Used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea Importantly, despite being mentioned after everything/ everyone else To conclude Per concloure To end a speech, meeting or piece of writing In brief, the party was a total disaster He is handsome, polite and intelligent, in short, the man of my dreams. Finally, I would like to thank everyone I want to thank my parents, my friends and last but not least, my wife. To conclude, I have to say that I am really happy to be here today. All in all En general Considering all the different parts of the situation together All in all, I think we have succeeded. On the whole En general Generally To sum up En resum To describe or express briefly the important facts or characteristics about something or someone We have had a lot of work this year, but on the whole, we are very happy because we have earned a lot of money To sum up, we have lost a lot of money.