Lesson Nine: Story of Musa ( )& Khidr ( )(Part 2) From Verse 71to Verse 82 Course Taught by Shaykh Hamood Aleem Notes Prepared by Muhammad Essa Mughal Lesson Outlines: 1- Completion of the story of Musa ( ) and Khidr ( ) 2- Three actions performed by Khidr ( ) 3- Explanation of three actions performed by Khidr ( ) 4- More lessons from the story 5- Is Khidr ( ) Alive? ق د ج ي ت ش ي ا إ م ر ٧١ ق ال أ ل م ة خ ر ق ه ا ق ال أ خ ر ق ت ه ا ل ت غ ر ق أ ه ل ه ا ل في الس ف ن ف انط ل ق ا ح تى إ ذ ا ر ك ب ا ن أ م ر ي ع س ر ا ٧٣ و لا ت ر ه ق ني م ا ن س ي ت م ع ي ص بر ا ٧٢ ق ال لا ت و اخ ذ ني بم أ ق ل إ ن ك ل ن ت س ت ط ي ع So, they both travelled on, until when they boarded a boat, he made a hole in it (by removing one of its planks). He (Musa) said, Did you make a hole in it to drown its people? In fact, you have done a terrible act. (71) He said, Did I not say that you can never bear with me patiently? (72) He (Musa) said, Do not hold me punishable for what I forgot, and do not make it too hard for me to follow. (73) First Action of Khidr ( ) Making a hole in a boat: When they both started travelling, Khidr ( ) made a hole in the boat in which they were travelling. The question arises here, usually we know when there is a hole in a boat it will sink but why the boat did not sink? Historical narrations mention that a glass was put in place by Khidr ( ) and Allah prevented the boat from sinking. Upon this act Musa ( ) said to Khidr ( ). Lesson 01 A student s adherence to his teacher is conditioned on adherence to the Shari ah: As we know Khidr ( ) asked Musa ( ) not to ask any question and he made a promise, but when Khidr ( ) made a hole into the boat, Musa ( ) questioned upon this action. This shows the promise of Musa ( ) was conditional on the adherence to the Shari ah, there was no promise to remain patient with matters outside of the Shari ah. So the lesson here is that even if a student sees something in his teacher which is against the Shari ah, he can mention to him nicely and with patiently after complete verification. Lesson 02 Nobody can justify going against the Shari ah by using the example of Khidr ( ): Since Khidr ( ) performed some actions which seemed against the Shari ah (but in reality Allah ordered him), so no one can use this as an excuse to perform similar action. Anyone who does so is upon clear misguidance and deviance. If someone claims he has ilham to do so, even ilham cannot be used as a justification. So, we have to stop anyone using this as an excuse to perform actions against the Shari ah. Page 1 of 7
Lesson 03 Open communication between student and teacher: Since Khidr ( ) asked Musa ( ) not to ask question but he did ask; so Khidr ( ) remindedd him and upon this Musa ( ) accepted his mistake and requested for easiness in dealings with him and since he was a Prophet of Allah so it was too hard for him to see actions against the Shari ah so he asked for being a bit easy with him. The lesson which we can take from here is that the open communication between a student and a teacher is permissible and student can request teacher to show mercy. ق د ج ي ت ش ي ا ن ك را ٧٤ ق ال أ ل م ن ف س ل ني ق د ب ل غ ت م ن إ ن س ا ل ت ك ع ن ي ش يء ب ع د ه ا ف لا ت ص اح So, they travelled on until when they met a boy, he killed him (the boy). He (Mūsā) said, Did you kill an innocent soul while he did not kill anyone? You have committed a heinous act indeed. (74) He said, Did I not tell you that you can never bear with me patiently? (75) He (Mūsā) said, If I ask you about something after this, do not allow me your company. You have now reached a point where you have a valid excuse (to part with me) from my own side. (76) ف انط ل ق ا ح تى أ ق ل ل ك لا م ا ف ق ت ل ه ق ا ل أ ق ت ل ا إ ذ ا ل ق ي إ ن ك ل ن ت س ط ت ط يع ت م ع ي ص بر ا ٧٥ ق ال ل د ني ن ف س ا ز ك ي ة ب غ ير ذ ر ا ٧٦ Second Action of Khidr ( ) Killing a boy: When they both resumed travelling again, Khidr ( ) killed a boy who they both met and upon this action Musa ( ) became impatient again and said to him that he had committed a very bad deed and sin. What does م ا لا mean? لا refers a boy who has not reached pu م ا uberty. Young boys and girls who have not reached puberty are not mukallaf, meaning they are being taken to task or will be questioned regarding their obligations. If they pass away before their puberty they will straight to the Jannah. But we need to teach important things of Islam to our kids from young age so that once they reach puberty they can perform prayer or fasting properly. Lesson 04 Accept your repetitive mistakes: When second time Musa ( ) was not able to control himself upon witnessing Khidr ( ) killing a young boy, then he accepted his mistake and requested Khidr ( ) to give him last chance as now I have broken the promise twice so now you can disallow with your company. The lesson here is when we make mistakes or we break any promise or agreement we should accept our mistake and give other party to take action according the terms and condition. ف وهم ا ف و ج د ا ف يه ا ج د ار ا ي ر ي د أ ن ي نق ض ة اس ت ط ع م ا أ ه ل ه ا ف ا ب و ا أ ن ي ض ي ق ر ي ٧٧ ف ا ق ام ه ق ال ل و ش ي ت لا تخ ذ ت ل ي ه أ ج ر ا Page 2 of 7 ف انط ل ق ا ح تى أ ه ل ا إ ذ ا أ ت ي
Then, they moved ahead until they came to the people of a town; they asked its people for food, and they refused to host them. Then, they found there a wall tending to fall down. So he (Khadir) set it right. He (Mūsā) said, If you wished, you could have charged a fee for this. (77) Third Action of Khidr ( ) Fixing the falling wall: Then, they moved ahead until they came to the people of a town; they asked its people for food, and they refused to host them. Then, they found there a wall tending to fall down. So he (Khadir) set it right. Where is this city today? A narration from Ibn Abbas ( ) mentions this to be Antioch A narration from Abu Hurayrah ( ) mentions this to be a city in Andalus Lesson 05 - To do good with those who do bad with you is from the excellence of one s character: This is a great lesson to take from here that even those people refused to give them food but they still fix the falling wall. Though it was ordered to Khidr ( ) from Allah but still there is lesson for those who take admonition. Lesson 06 Good deeds for the sake of Allah without getting paid: We don t have to charge all the time for some of our work, sometime we need to perform some volunteer work only for the sake of Allah. As Musa ( ) suggested Khidr ( ) when I saw Khidr ( ) but he performed that job only for fulfillment of Allah s order. Lesson 07 Wisdom of a student: As now Musa ( ) did not even have option to ask any question so instead of asking question, he suggested that If you wished, you could have charged a feee for this. This shows how we need to speak to teacher wisely not to make him upset with all due respect and also not to break any promise and agreement. ه ص بر ا ٧٨ ني و ب ن ك س ا ن ي ك ب ت ا و ي ل م ا ل م ت س ست ط ع ل ي ف ر ا ق ب ق ال ه ذ ا He said, Here is the point of parting ways between me and you. I shall now explain to you the reality of things about which you could not remain patient. (78) End of the journey: After third action, the journey was ended d by Khidr ( ) and he decided to explain the reason of all the above 3 actions which he performed upon which Musa ( ) was not able to stop himself for asking the reasoning. Lesson 08 Clarification is important to avoid misunderstanding and backbiting: If a person is separating from another due to objections, a clarification should be done to remove misunderstandings and avoid backbiting instead of considering oneself innocent and not doing anything about it One s state should be correct and others should be protected from: Page 3 of 7
forming bad opinions backbiting due to our lack of clarification Where did Yusha ibn Nun go - Servant of Musa ( )? Ibn Hajr mentions two opinions in Fath al-bari - he accompanied Musa ( ) all the time during this journey - he did not join that journey ي ع م ل و أ م ا الس ف ن ة ف ان ت لم لم س اك ين ن ن أ ب ه ا و ان في ال ب ح ر ف ا ر دت أ ا ٧٩ غ ص ب و ر اء ه م م ل ك ي ا خ ذ ل س ف ن ة As for the boat, it belonged to some poor people who worked at sea. So I wanted to make it defective, as there was a king across them who used to usurp every boat by force. (79) Why he made the boat defective? In this verse the reasoning of first action is mentioned, as for the boat, it belonged to some poor people who worked at sea. So I wanted to make it defective, as there was a king across them who used to usurp every boat by force. So if the boat is defective, king would not take that boat so I made the boat defective. Who were these poor people? - A narration from Ka b Ahbar mentions these were ten brothers, five of them were disable - five of them would run this ferry and earn livelihood through it Why are they called poor س اك ين e ف ان ت لم even when they owned a ship? The principle is that if a person has few things which he used to earn provision then those things are not considered as his wealth or luxury. So even those people did have a boat but they were still poor people. The lesson which we need to take from here is that if someonee is needy we need to help him regardless he has things which he uses to earn his wages or money. ان ا و ك ف ر اا ٨٠ ط غ ي ف ا ر د ن ا أ ن ي ب د له م ا ر ب ه م ا ن ه ز اة و أ ق ر ب ر حم ا ٨١ خ ير ا م و أ م ا ال غ لا م ف ا ن أ ب و ا م و م ن ين ف خ ش ن ا أ ن ي ر ه ق ه م ا As for the boy, his parents were believers. We feared that he would impose wickedness and disbelief upon them. (80) We, therefore, wished thatt their Lord would replace him with someone better than him in piety, and more akin to affection. (81) Page 4 of 7
Why he killed the boy? In this verse the reasoning of second action is mentioned, that as for the boy, his parents were believers. We feared that he would impose wickedness and disbelief upon them. Allah ordered Khidr ( ) to kill that boy to protect his parents from the abuse of that boy. We points to Khidr ( ): Though Khidr ( ) killed the boy but at the same time he made the Dua, here the word WE meaning Khidr ( ) made du a, Allah accepted the du a and then made it happen and Allah granted them a daughter in return: - She gave birth to a prophet (or two prophets through which an entire nation was guided) - The name of the prophet was Sham un ( ), who became a prophet after Musa ( ) Lessons 09 - Daughters are a mercy from Allah, Have mercy on them and value them: They had a boy and Allah gave them a daughter which was mercy of Allah upon them as from her Allah guided nations. The virtues of bringing up daughters are mentioned in Prophet Muhammad () narrations: وعن أنس ر االله عنه عن ((رواه مسلم)) اججگيب صىل االله عليه وسلم قال: من خگل جاريتني حk تبلغا جاء يوم القيامة أنا وهو كهاتني" وضم أصابعه. Anas ( ) reported: The Prophet ( ) said, "Whoever supports two girls till they attain maturity, he and I will come on the Day of Resurrection like this". Messenger of Allah ( ) joined his fingers illustrating this. [Muslim] There is another amazing Hadith which shows the virtues to shower mercy upon daughters: وعن خگي شة ر االله عنها حكا كلها فاستطعمتها ابنتاها وسلم فقال: االله قد نإ" قالت: جاءتين مسكينة حتمل فشقت هلا أوجب ابنتني هلا فا طعمتها ثلاث تمرات احكمرة اليت اكنت تريد أن تا كلها بينهما فا عجبين شا نها بها اجلنة أو أعتقها بها من اجگار" ((رواه مسلم)). فا عطت لك فذكرت واحدة منهما تمرة ورفعت إىل فيها تمرة ا ي صنعت لرسول االله صىل االله عليه 'Aishah( ) reported: A poor woman came to me carrying her two daughters. I gave her three date-fruits. She gave a date to each of them and then she took up one date-fruit and brought that to her mouth to eat, but her daughters asked her that also. She then divided between them the date-fruit that she intended to eat. This (kind) treatment of her impressed me and I mentioned that to Messenger of (ﷺ) Allah who said, 'Verily, Allah has assured Jannah for her, because of (this act) of her," or said, (ﷺ) He " has rescued her from Hell- Fire". [Muslim]. This is how we should treat the daughters and show mercy upon them. Page 5 of 7
م ا و ا ان أ ب وهم ا ص الح ة و ا ن تح ت ه ك له م ين ي يم ين في الم د ين و أ م ا الج د ار ف ا ن ل غ لا ذ ل ك ن ر ب ك و م ا ف ع ل ت ه ع ن أ م ر ي أ ش د هم ا و ي س ت خ ر ج ا ك هم ا ر حم ة م ا ت ا و ي ل م ا ل م ف ا ر اد ر ب ك أ ن ي ب ل غ ا ه ت س ط ع ل ي ص بر ا ٨٢ As for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and there was a treasure beneath it belonging to them, and their father was a pious man so your Lord willed that they should reach their maturity and dig out their treasure, as a mercy from your Lord. I did not do it on my own accord This is the reality of things about which you could not remain patient. (82) Why he fixed the falling wall? As for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and there was a treasure beneath it belonging to them, and their father was a pious man so your Lord willed that they should reach their maturity and dig out their treasure, as a mercy from your Lord. Details about the treasure: In a narration from Abu al-darda ( ) it is mentioned this was a treasure of gold and silver. Ibn Abbas ( ) has mentioned that this was a gold tablet on which it was inscribed: Bismillaah al-rahman al-rahim How strange is the person who believes in predestination (qadr) yet still feels sorrow! How strange is the person who believes Allah is responsible for his provisions yet he still goes out of his way in wasteful efforts! How strange is the person who believes in death yet always remain joyful and happy! How strange is the person who believes in the taking of accounts in the hereafter yet remains heedless! How strange is the person who recognizes the Dunya and its changes yet remains sitting contently! La ilaha illallah Muhammadur Rasulullah Lesson 10 Taking care of children of pious people: The father of those two boys was a pious person so Allah protected their children s wealth. - If Allah wills, he protects the children and the children of the children of a pious person (Muhammad al- of the pious scholars Munkadir) - Tafsir Mazhari: Indication towards the fact that people should watch out for the offspring unless they engage in kufr, fujur, etc. Lesson 11 Great principle of Islam Follow the Shari ah: ي end, As Khidr ( ) mentions that at the commands of Allah. Iو م ا did not do it on my own accord. So ف ع ل ت ه ع ن أ م ر ي o, He just obeyed the Page 6 of 7
و Imam Nawawi mentions that this points to a great principle of Islam, to necessarily accept whatever the Shari ah has commanded/brought even though some of it may not be make sense to our intellects. Lesson 12 Attribute good to Allah, attribute evil to yourself: There is amazing wisdom here if we ponder and it is mentioned in different Tafaseer as well. If you see three actions which Khidr ( ) performed, in first two actions as they were not good (i.e. making hole or killing a boy) he attributed them to himself and the last one (protecting the treasure of orphan boys) he pointed it to Allah. For example he said: ه ا أ ب أ ن ف ا ر دت - I decided to make it defective and their Lord replaces for them pointing to himself but the last one is your Lord willed we decided that ف ا ر د ن ا أ ن ي ب د له م ا ر ب ه م ا - the attributio ف ا ر اد ر ب on is clearly to Allah ك For example, Ibrahim ( ) made this du a ي ش ف ين :a و ال ذ ي ه ي ط ع م ني و ي س ق ين و إ ذ ا م ر ض ت ف ه و "Who gives me food and drink, and when I am ill, it is He Who cures me. Is Khidr ( ) alive? Qu an does not specify that so it is not very important to find out, but there is a difference of opinion on this issue: Evidences for his being alive are a few narrations from the Sahabah a narration from the Mustadrak of Hakim Ibn al-jazari relates this same narration (above) in al-hisn al-hasin and he only relates authentic narrations in his book the man who is mentioned in the Hadith of Dajjal is Khidr ( ) as per Abu Ishaq ( ) meeting with Ali ( ) the people of tasawwuf have related many incidents of meeting him Arguments against Khidr (as) being alive: The hadith of Bukhari on the completion of 100 years, no one will be alive who is was present at that time Qurtubi answers that there is an exception in this for some, such as Isa( ), Ya juj Ma juj, etc. Counter argument: Isa( ) does not live on the earth If he was truly alive, why did he not?(ﷺ) Prophet and join our Conclusion: This is not a necessary aqidah: both opinions are acceptable to adhere to Page 7 of 7