Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 8, Section 4 The Early Empire (Pages 286 294) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How did Augustus create a new era of prosperity? What changes made the empire rich and prosperous? As you read pages 287 288 in your textbook, complete this chart to show the changes Augustus made in the Roman Empire and the effect of each change. Causes Effects 160 Chapter 8, Section 4
The Emperor Augustus (pages 287 288) Augustus paved the way for 200 years of peace and prosperity. Why do you think the Roman Empire remained at peace even with weak emperors such as Caligula and Nero? Define or describe the following term from this lesson. Pax Romana Explain why these people are important. Caligula Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Nero conflict Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson. successor Chapter 8, Section 4 161
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. What did Augustus do to make the empire safer and stronger? Unity and Prosperity (pages 290 294) Complete this outline as you read. I. Unity and Prosperity II. The Good Emperors III. A Unified Empire IV. A Booming Economy V. Roads and Money VI. Ongoing Inequality 162 Chapter 8, Section 4
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson. aqueduct currency Briefly describe the following places. Rhine River Danube River Puteoli Ostia Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. commit capable Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson. Chapter 8, Section 4 163
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Who were the Good Emperors, and what did they accomplish? Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. How did Augustus create a new era of prosperity? What changes made the empire rich and prosperous? 164 Chapter 8, Section 4
Name Date Class VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 8-4 The Early Empire: Words to Know Directions: Fill in the term or person for each definition listed below, writing one letter in each square. Then use the letters in the shaded squares to complete the sentence that follows. aqueduct currency Hadrian Nero Pax Romana Across 1. one of the good emperors who made Roman law easier to apply 2. a cruel emperor who eventually committed suicide 3. a long era of peace that began with Augustus and lasted until A.D. 180 4. a human-made channel for carrying water long distances 5. a system of money 1 6 2 3 4 5 Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. Pax Romana means Peace. Building Academic Vocabulary Directions: The word devote is a verb. Use a dictionary or the Internet for reference. Fill in the correct form of the word devote, in the spaces below to correctly complete the sentences. devote, verb Verb Augustus devoted much of his energy to improving Rome s government. 7. The good emperors were among the most and capable rulers in Rome s history. SECTION 8-4 8. Their to Rome s welfare helped create a century of prosperity. 31
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. SECTION 8-4 Name Date Class GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 8-4 The Early Empire Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the early empire of Rome. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. A long era of peace beginning with Augustus and lasting until A.D. 180 was called the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace. 2. The ancient Roman legal system stressed the rights of the individual over the authority of the government. 3. The four emperors who followed Augustus were his relatives and are called the Julio-Claudian emperors. 4. Nero is best remembered for his efforts to restore the Roman Republic. 5. Vespasian restored order to the Empire and put down several rebellions, including the Jewish rebellion in Palestine. 6. When Titus reigned, Mt. Vesuvius erupted and destroyed Rome. 7. The five good emperors were known for programs that helped ordinary people. 8. The empire reached its largest size under the emperor Hadrian. 9. Agriculture was the most important part of the Roman economy. 10. At the height of the empire, Rome s system of roads reached a total length of 10,000 miles (16,000 km). 36
Name Date Class PEOPLE TO MEET ACTIVITY 8 Marcus Aurelius Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Historians list Marcus Aurelius as one of the Five Good Emperors of Rome. Born into a powerful family in A.D. 121, Marcus Aurelius was taught by scholars from many cultures. His uncle, the future Emperor Antoninus Pius, adopted Marcus and made him his heir. When Pius died in A.D. 161, Marcus co-ruled with his brother, Lucius Verus, for several years. After that, Marcus ruled alone. As emperor, Marcus defended the empire against invaders. He also worked to improve living conditions for the poor, particularly children. Unlike many emperors, he did not kill his political enemies. However, he did persecute Christians, whom he saw as enemies of the empire. Throughout his rule, Marcus practiced a philosophy of virtue and self sacrifice. He wrote about it in 12 books called Meditations. In A.D. 180 Marcus died. Quotes from Meditations From my grandfather Verus [I learned] good morals and the government of my temper... Directions: Answer the questions below in the spaces provided. 1. Who was Marcus s uncle? 2. Why did Marcus persecute Christians? 3. What do you think Marcus meant by government of my temper in the quotes above? Marcus Aurelius Look well into thyself; there is a source of strength which will always spring up if thou wilt always look there. It is the act of a madman to pursue impossibilities. 4. Writing Choose a quote from Meditations and rewrite it in your own words. Use another sheet of paper. Nothing happens to any thing which that thing is not made by nature to bear. CHAPTER 8 13