The English Settlement of New England and the Middle Colonies Protest ant New England 1
Calvinism as a Doctrine Calvinists faith was based on the concept of the ELECT Belief in God s predestination of all men was a central part of their belief system. Therefore, all men should live sanctified lines. Calvinists believed in visible signs of CONVERSION 2
The Pilgrims They were a small religious group known as SEPARATISTS from the established Church of England (Anglican) were a spiritual and political challenge to the authority of King James I. Settled at Plymouth possessed unique moral and spiritual qualities. Signed the Mayflower Compact 3
The Puritans Migrations were very large, well-funded expeditions. Moved entire communities Puritans remained within the Church of England wanted to purify the Church of England: felt it was too Catholic Puritans settled in Massachusetts Bay 4
The Puritans The GREAT MIGRATION from England the flight of the Puritans to the New World from 1629 to 1640 a majority of English Puritan emigrants went to the West Indies Puritans believed that they had a covenant with God their mission was the creation of a City on a Hill 5
The Puritans Who enjoyed the Franchise? (males only) The ELECT / Visible Saints / freemen a larger percentage of males voted in Massachusetts Bay than in England (40%) the colony created a representative assembly called The General Court Democratic roots of America lay in individual congregational control and in town meetings 6
Church and State in Massachusetts Bay Puritans were opposed to the hierarchical control of the Church of England Puritan congregations hired/ fired their own ministers Puritan churches were state tax-supported the taxes of all individuals helped support the church, believers and non-believers 7
Religious leaders had enormous influence because of their influence over admission to church membership Clergy were barred from holding formal political office however, they had great influence on the political life of the colony believed in the Protestant work ethic serious commitment to work while engaging in worldly pursuits in moderation 8
Challenges to Puritan Authority Anne Hutchison challenged authority and religious orthodoxy believed in ANTINOMIANISM the truly saved did not need to obey the law of either God or man Hutchison was brought to trial in 1638 for heresy and banished from the Bay Colony to the wilderness (Rhode Island). 9
Roger Williams was an extreme separatist (Baptist) he challenged the legality of the Bay Colony s Charter felt Mass. Bay had taken Indian land without just compensation He denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior was banished to Rhode Island in 1635 10
The Expansion of New England 11
Maine: 1623 Economy was based on fishing and fur trading was absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1677 New Haven: 1638 Founded by Puritans wanted a closer church / state relationship merged with Connecticut in 1662 12
Connecticut Colony: 1635 Established by Puritan Thomas Hooker A written constitution called The Fundamental Orders were used to govern the colony. All levels of government were controlled by substantial citizens 13
Rhode Island: 1636 Colonists possessed complete freedom of religion. Colony was strongly individualistic and independent settled by dissenters / exiles secured a Charter from Parliament in 1644 14
Westward Expansion and Native American Relations All New England Colonies pushed westward due to population growth and economic expansion. 15
The Pequot Wars: 1637 Occurred in Mass. Bay and Connecticut purpose was to clear the frontier of Indian threats (approx 40 yrs. of relative peace) a second purpose was to convert the Indians to Christianity. Established Praying Towns to teach natives about Christian God and English culture (few Indians settled there) 16
King Philip s War: 1675-76 Chief Metacom led the Indians Was an attempt at inter-tribal unity Indians attempted to coordinate attacks throughout New England to stop white western settlement slowed westward expansion but Indians never seriously threatened any of the New England Colonies 17
Colonial Response Lack of Royal control over the Colonies England was 3000 miles away England was involved in the English Civil War and the European wars of expansion. Unrest in England began a period of Benign Neglect toward the North American Colonies New England Confederation created 1643 18
colonies banded together for defense against Indian attacks each colony had 2 votes / equality despite size / population differences was the first attempt at colonial unity the Confederation acted on matters of intercolonial importance the English Civil War allowed the colonies to become semi-autonomous commonwealths. 19
The Dominion of New England Established in 1686 after English Civil War was an attempt to re-impose Royal control and to regulate colonial trade. Adhered to the concepts of MERCANTILISM Streamlined administrative control of the colonies promoted efficiency in enforcing the English Navigation Laws led by Sir Edmund Andros (HQ in Boston) 20
The Dominion of New England Sought to reduce smuggling and tax evasion Andros curbed town meetings Restricted the courts & the press taxed without consent revoked all land titles The Dominion of New England collapsed after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 acknowledgment of Parliamentary supremacy 21
The Middle Colonies Ethnic, Religious, and Economic Diversity 22
New York (1664) Originally founded by the Dutch Created a feudal system of Patroonships on the Hudson R. New Amsterdam conquered by British; became colony of New york Colony had an ethnically mixed population was autocratic in spirit Very fertile soils, good inland river systems production of grains for export 23
Pennsylvania (1681) Founded by Quaker Wm. Penn as a proprietary colony sought to establish an asylum for Quakers Liberal land policies attracted many immigrants and different ethnic groups Penn bought land from the Indians & had a benevolent Indian policy Religious toleration for Christians 24
Common Features of the Middle Colonies Fertile soil, broad river bottom lands not rocky like New England Broad rivers led to interior back country stimulated commerce, industry seaports grew in N.Y., Philadelphia 25
Common Features of the Middle Colonies Most ethnically mixed population Unusual degree of religious toleration & democratic control Considerable amount of economic & social democracy 26
Similarities of the Thirteen American Colonies 27
All were basically English; practiced & observed the Rights of Englishmen All possessed some measure of selfgovernment All encouraged some degree of religious toleration & educational opportunity All offered opportunities for economic and social self-development All were 3000 mi. away from England. 28