T h e A r t i o s H o m e C o m p a n i o n S e r i e s Unit 19: The Roosevelt s T e a c h e r O v e r v i e w Franklin Delano Roosevelt was twice elected governor of New York, and after the nation was hit hard by the Great Depression, he decided to run for the presidency. Campaigning with a message of hopeful optimism, he beat Hoover with a solid victory. Together with his wife Eleanor, FDR had great influence over American politics during the first half of the twentieth century. Franklin and Eleanor Statues at FDR National Historic Site in Hyde Park, NY Reading and Assignments Based on your student s age and ability, the reading in this unit may be read aloud to the student and journaling and notebook pages may be completed orally. Likewise, other assignments can be done with an appropriate combination of independent and guided study. In this unit, students will: Complete one lesson in which they will learn about Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. Define vocabulary words. Complete a biography notebook page on Franklin Roosevelt and another for Eleanor Roosevelt. Put these pages in your notebook and be prepared to share. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 1
Read selected chapters from Bud, Not Buddy. Complete Grammar Review Exercises on Units 15-18 Visit www. ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. Leading Ideas Just as America began taking steps to prepare to enter World War II, Scripture talks about preparing for spiritual warfare as well. Put on the full armor of God, that you may be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places. Therefore, take up the full armor of God, that you may be able to resist in the evil day, and having done everything, to stand firm. Stand firm therefore, having girded your loins with truth, and having put on the breastplate of righteousness, and having shod your feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace; in addition to all, taking up the shield of faith with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming missiles of the evil one. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. Ephesians 6:11-17 God s word acknowledges that there will be times for both war and peace. A time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace. Ecclesiastes 3:8 Vocabulary Lesson 1: pandemic arduous führer Key People and Events Franklin Delano Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Theodor Roosevelt Civil Conservation Corps Social Security Act Adolf Hitler The Attack on Pearl Harbor Prime Minister Winston Churchill The birthplace of FDR at Springwood Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 2
L i t e r a t u r e, C o m p o s i t i o n, a n d G r a m m a r Context Resources Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis Literature for Units 15-19 You will find additional context resources within the Resources section of the Artios Home Companion website. Be sure to take time to explore the links and activities to help further your understanding. Unit 19 - Assignments Literature Read Chapters 17 19 and the Afterward of Bud, Not Buddy. Composition With a parent's permission, search the Internet for another photograph about the Great Depression. Then write a few paragraphs that incorporate all of the elements of descriptive writing that we have learned about in this unit: sensory descriptions, vivid adjectives, strong verbs, and comparisons. Follow the same procedure that we have used before to receive feedback, edit, and write a final draft. Create two final slides for your PowerPoint presentation with your selected image(s) and accompanying descriptive writing. Grammar Complete the Units 15-18 Grammar Review Exercises on the Artios Home Companion website. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 3
L e s s o n O n e H i s t o r y O v e r v i e w a n d A s s i g n m e n t s Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor had great influence over American politics during the first half of the twentieth century, leading the nation through a time of severe economic distress and tremendous worldwide conflict. Franklin and Eleanor at Campobello Island, Canada, in 1904 Reading and Assignments Read the article: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, pages 6-10. Define each vocabulary word in the context of the reading and put the word and its definition in the vocabulary section of your notebook. After reading the article, summarize the story you read by either: Retelling it out loud to your teacher or parent. OR Completing an appropriate notebook page. Either way, be sure to include the answers to the discussion questions and an overview of key people, dates, and events in your summary. Complete a biography notebook page on Franklin Roosevelt and another for Eleanor Roosevelt. Put these pages in your notebook and be prepared to share. Be sure to visit www.artioshcs.com for additional resources. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 4
Vocabulary Key People and Events pandemic arduous führer Franklin Delano Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Theodor Roosevelt Civil Conservation Corps Social Security Act Adolf Hitler The Attack on Pearl Harbor Prime Minister Winston Churchill Discussion Questions 1. How many terms Franklin Delano Roosevelt serve as president? 2. What other famous Roosevelt was FDR related to? 3. What amendment to the Constitution now prevents presidents from remaining in office as long as FDR did? 4. Who did FDR marry? 5. In what profession was FDR involved? 6. What two illnesses did FDR successfully fight off? 7. What illness left him crippled? 8. Of what state was FDR elected governor? 9. What national position did FDR hold early in his career? 10. FDR said The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. What do you think he meant when he said this? 11. Was the New Deal within the constitutional role of government? 12. What was the role of the Civilian Conservation Corps? 13. What was the purpose of the Social Security Act? 14. How did FDR like to speak to the American people? 15. What event brought America into World War II and why? 16. Describe Eleanor Roosevelt s involvement in politics. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, August 14, 1935 Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 5
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt By Mary E. Hall, MPA Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, America s 32 nd president, was elected four times and held the office longer than any other president in American history. (The Twenty-Second Amendment later prohibited a president from being elected more than twice). FDR and his wife Eleanor had great influence over American politics during the first half of the twentieth century, leading the nation through a time of severe economic distress and tremendous worldwide conflict. Franklin, a member of the prominent Roosevelt and Delano families of New York, was born in Hyde Park in the Hudson Valley. An only child, he grew up in a wealthy home, was educated in elite private schools, and traveled every year to Europe. He was skilled at many sports and particularly enjoyed sailing and golf. While he was at Harvard College, his fifth cousin Theodore Roosevelt was elected president. Although Franklin admired Theodore s bold style and considered him a role model, he disagreed with his cousin in politics and even campaigned against him. Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt During a train ride in 1902, Franklin was introduced to another distant cousin, a young lady named Anna Eleanor. Her last name was also Roosevelt. She preferred to use her middle name, so Franklin called her Eleanor. Eleanor s childhood was not a happy one. Although she was born into the affluent Roosevelt family and two of her uncles were tennis champions, she experienced a great deal of sadness because both of her parents and one of her brothers had died before she was even ten years old. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 6
Franklin and Eleanor married in 1905, and he opened a law practice in New York. Becoming active in politics, FDR was elected NY state senator in 1910. Surviving a case of typhoid, he was reelected two years later. typhoid and influenza. This time it was polio, a debilitating virus that attacks the nervous system. It left Roosevelt partially paralyzed from the waist down. Determined to regain as much mobility as he could, Roosevelt worked with doctors and therapists. After a great deal of arduous physical therapy, he was able to stand using leg braces, and even to walk with the help of a cane. For the rest of his life he used a wheelchair in private, but he always tried to walk when he was in public. Eleanor and Franklin with their two oldest children Afterward, he was appointed assistant secretary of the navy. He held this position during World War I. Then, after successfully battling the influenza virus he caught during the pandemic that killed millions in 1918, he ran for vice president on the ticket with James Cox. The pair were defeated by Warren G. Harding, and Roosevelt returned to his NY law practice. While on vacation in Canada with his family in 1921, Roosevelt contracted another disesase, but he didn t recover from this one as easily as he had from Roosevelt as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1913. Eleanor, who had become quite active in the Democratic Party, persuaded her husband to continue in politics despite his disability. He was twice elected governor of New York, and after the nation was hit hard by the Great Depression, he decided to run for the presidency. Campaigning with a message of hopeful optimism, he beat Hoover with a solid victory. To the White House In those days, presidents didn t take office until March, because it often took them a long time for them to travel to the White House. So Franklin Roosevelt didn t begin his first presidential term until March of 1933. By this time, he had gathered a large group of advisors, which became known as his Brain Trust, and Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 7
when a bank panic erupted before his inauguration, he famously proclaimed in his speech that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. paid work constructing and maintaining parks and other natural resources. They were given food and clothing and were paid a small amount every month, most of which had to be sent back to their families. Roosevelt and Hoover on Inauguration Day, 1933. With the help of his Brain Trust, FDR initiated a number of reforms and programs intended to help the economy recover and put people back to work. His New Deal called upon the government to step far beyond its Constitutional role of administering justice in order to provide financial relief for the needy. Through enforced bank holidays, reducing the gold value of the dollar, and placing heavy regulations on corporations and small businesses, the federal government stimulated some economic growth, but it was short-lived. FDR s most popular program, the Civilian Conservation Corps, provided three million unemployed young men with A rare photo of Roosevelt in his wheelchair, 1941 In 1934, elections in both houses of Congress gave majority support to the president, and he introduced a whole new set of New Deal programs. The most wellknown of these was the Social Security Act, designed to protect elderly and disabled people from financial hardship. This program required workers to pay a special payroll tax in addition to income and other taxes. Government spending increased dramatically, but the Great Depression continued. The public liked the help they were receiving from the government, though, and they reelected FDR three times. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 8
World War II In 1934, Germany s chancellor, Adolf Hitler, gained full control of Germany s government and gave himself the title führer, or dictator. Many grew fearful of another world war, and at first the United States maintained its policy of isolationism. FDR liked to speak to the American people by radio with what he called fireside chats, which were optimistic talks given to encourage the public. Through these talks he was able to build support for American involvement in the war effort, but the U.S. did not officially declare war until 1941, after Japan, an ally of Germany, bombed American ships at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Adolf Hitler s personal standard When Germany invaded Poland in 1939 and World War II began, FDR wrote letters to Britain s prime minister, Winston Churchill, to see if there were ways the U.S. could help stop Hitler, who had by now also invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The two men developed a friendly relationship, and FDR began taking steps to help Britain and the rest of Europe. He began by offering navy destroyers in exchange for rights to establish military bases on British islands in the Caribbean. America also built up its military force and established its first peacetime draft, meaning that men were called up to serve in the army even though the nation was not at war at the time. President Franklin D. Roosevelt after one of his famous fireside chats Roosevelt delivered a famous speech calling on Congress to declare war, in which he said: Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. After America officially entered the war, Roosevelt met frequently with Prime Minister Churchill, along with leaders of other nations allied against Germany. Though FDR s health was declining, these heads of state worked together, developing battle strategies to defeat Hitler, until Roosevelt s death from a stroke in 1945. Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 9
Franklin Roosevelt did not live to see the end of World War II, but his efforts gave America and her allies the victory they sought and the world mourned when he died. Roosevelt s funeral procession down Pennsylvania Avenue After Franklin s Death Eleanor Roosevelt speaking at the United Nations, July 1947 Eleanor Roosevelt remained active in politics after her husband s death, first as a delegate to the United Nations and later as first U.S. representative to the U.N. Commission on Human Rights. She campaigned for several presidential candidates and lectured frequently on behalf of the U.N. Eleanor also worked to promote equal opportunities for women. Her marriage with Franklin had not been a very happy one. Eleanor remained married to her husband, but their relationship became more of a political partnership than a loving marriage. In later years many tried to persuade Eleanor to run for office, as governor of New York or even for U.S. president, but she declined, saying that she d had her fill of public life. She continued to press for worldwide human rights, though, until she died of heart failure in 1962. Beloved by many, she was given the first monument ever made for a president s wife, which stands now in Riverside Park, NY. Eleanor Roosevelt, White House portrait Unit 19: The Roosevelt s - Page 10