SPIRIT. Grade 7 Sample Unit 3, Lessons 1 and 2

SPIRIT of TRUTH Grade 7 Sample Unit 3, Lessons 1 and 2 Included here are two sample lessons from the 7th grade Spirit of Truth teacher s guide, followed by the corresponding pages from the 7th grade student workbook. Order the full Grade 7 books at SophiaInstituteforTeachers.org/SpiritofTruth

UNIT 3 The Sacraments Lessons in This Unit Lesson 1: Exploring Lesson 7: Eucharist: Lesson 12: Anointing the Sacraments History and Celebration of the Sick: Effects and with Sacred Art Lesson 8: Eucharist: Living the Sacrament Lesson 2: What is Effects and Living Lesson 13: Holy a Sacrament? the Sacrament Matrimony: History Lesson 3: Baptism: Lesson 9: Penance and Celebration History and Celebration and Reconciliation: Lesson 14: Holy Lesson 4: Baptism: Effects and Living History and Celebration Lesson 10: Penance Matrimony: Effects and Living the Sacrament the Sacrament and Reconciliation: Lesson 15: Holy Orders: Lesson 5: Confirmation: History and Celebration Effects and Living the Sacrament History and Celebration Lesson 16: Holy Lesson 6: Confirmation: Effects and Living the Sacrament Lesson 11: Anointing of the Sick: History and Celebration Orders: Effects and Living the Sacrament Scripture Studied in This Unit Genesis 2:22-24 Exodus 12:6-8 Exodus 14:29 Isaiah 1:18 Isaiah 33:24 Matthew 4:18-20 Matthew 5:48 Matthew 19:8 Mark 2:17 Mark 6:12-13 Luke 15:7 Luke 15:20 Luke 22:19-20 John 1:14 John 3:5 John 6:53 John 15:5 John 19:34 John 20:21-23 Acts 1:8 Acts 2:2-3 Acts 2:38 Romans 10:15 Romans 12:2 1 Corinthians 13:13 2 Corinthians 5:17-1 Ephesians 6:16-17 Revelation 19:7-9 Unit 3 Overview 123

Connection to the Catechism of the Catholic Church Lesson 1 774-776 Lesson 2 1127, 1128, 1131 Lesson 3 1215, 1217-1225, 1234-1245, 1278-1279, 1284 Lesson 4 1257-1274 Lesson 5 687-701, 1285-1289, 1294 Lesson 6 1289, 1293-1297, 1300-1306, 1310-1314, 1317, 1320, 1831 Lesson 7 ӹ ӹ 1324, 1333-1336, 1373-1376 Lesson 8 1328-1332, 1391-1401, 1409, 1411-1412 Lesson 10 1435, 1439-1442, 1450-1456, 1458-1459, 1466-1470, 1480, 1488-1489, 1494 Lesson 11 399-402, 405, 407, 1499, 1500-1506, 1511 Lesson 12 1500-1510, 1514-1523, 2276, 2447-2448 Lesson 13 1602, 1605, 1612-1613, 1617 Lesson 14 1603-1608, 1639-1640, 1655-1658, 1826-1829 Lesson 15 874, 1536, 1548, 1551, 1554-1556, 1590, 1594 Lesson 16 874, 936, 938-939, 1577-1578 Lesson 9 1441-1446, 1485 124 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Introduction What is a Sacrament? This question is one among many that are wonderful because they cannot be answered not fully, at least. What is life? What is love? What is a Sacrament? Such questions cannot be answered fully because they are essentially mysterious as are the best things in life. Thus, so are the Sacraments of the Catholic Church. The Way of Salvation Is Incarnational In Jesus Christ, the visible and the invisible are forever unified and their union sanctified: the Creator and the created, the Infinite and the finite, God and man. Following the Incarnation, the way of salvation is incarnational. The Holy Spirit operates in and through the corporeal; for the Church exists in the world for people living in the world, not for disembodied souls. The objective of the Church is to secure the sanctity and salvation of all, and as such, she embraces the material in the process. This is the secret realm of the Sacraments. And a joyful realm it is. A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace. The exterior aspect of the seven Sacraments consists of two parts necessary for validity, traditionally divided into the philosophic terms matter and form. The matter consists of water, bread, wine, oil, hands, speech, or other material elements involved in giving supernatural grace. The form consists of words and actions that express the circumstances of that giving and celebrate them as a priestly community of ministers. Thus, the Church utilizes the graces of Baptism, Reconciliation, the Eucharist, Confirmation, Matrimony, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick to bring souls to life, health, holiness, and happiness. Sacraments of Initiation In Baptism, Jesus redeems us from all sin including the stain of Original Sin. The Father speaks to us the words He spoke at Jesus Baptism: You are my beloved son [or A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace. Stained glass showing St. Alphonsus kneeling before the Most Holy Sacrament, Carlow Cathedral, Ireland. Unit 3 Overview 125

daughter]; with you I am well pleased (Luke 3:22) and we become a new creation in Christ. Confirmation deepens the bond of love with God and with the Church, as Jesus fulfills His promise to send the Holy Spirit so that we can bear witness to Him and be faithful in trial and persecution. The Eucharist brings communion with Christ to perfection. In every Sacrament, Jesus paschal charity, the love by which He loves us to the end is at work. In the Eucharist, the Lord Himself is present in His great act of offering Himself to the Father for our salvation. Here, Christ makes us associates in His mission to save the world, inviting us to offer ourselves through, with, and in Him to the Father. This is the summit of worship for God s priestly people, and the fullest manifestation of the mystery of the Church, that is, the mystery of God s love transforming those who believe. Sacraments of Healing Penance and Reconciliation brings about the forgiveness of sins, reunites us with the Father, and restores our relationship with the Body of Christ. Anointing of the Sick strengthens the soul and heals the body, according to God s will, in the face of serious sickness and the threat of death. The Sacrament provides the person with the opportunity to transform suffering from a negative experience to a positive act by uniting the suffering with the redemptive suffering and death of Jesus Christ on the Cross. Sacraments at the Service of Communion Through Matrimony and Holy Orders, Jesus makes us His associates in special missions to give our lives for the salvation of others. These Sacraments confer on us the grace to grow in holiness by conforming us to Him who did not come to be served but to serve (Mark 10:45). Through the ordained, Jesus continues to love us by teaching the truth, sanctifying through the Sacraments, and guiding us as our Shepherd. Those who marry receive a mission to grow in holiness together by seeking the kingdom of God in the service of life and love in the family. The Sacraments make Jesus paschal charity active and effective in the world. Just as people of faith knew where to find Jesus to be healed and saved, we know that we encounter His love in the Sacraments. Two desires converge in the Sacraments: God s desire to love us, and our desire to be loved by Him and to love Him in return. We, on earth, desire what Christ, in Heaven, desires. In the Sacraments God s will is done on earth as it is in Heaven (Matthew 6:10)! 126 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Exploring the Sacraments with Sacred Art UNIT 3, LESSON 1 Learning Goals A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Church herself is a Sacrament, because she is a visible sign that points to the invisible reality of Christ s Kingdom. The Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of Jesus sacrifice on Calvary. Connection to the Catechism of the Catholic Church CCC 774 CCC 776 Vocabulary Sacrament Sign BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. JOHN 1:14 [B]ut one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. JOHN 19:34 127

Lesson Plan Materials Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible Mond Crucifixion Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN view) Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (INTERIOR) Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS) (EXTERIOR) Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the photographs. Then discuss the questions below with your classmates. Conversation Questions 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example 4 of Gothic architecture. What does Notre Dame de Chartres mean? 2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe. Exterior 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker think cathedrals are built facing east? 4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish? 5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central figure? Why do you think these entrances are called portals? 2 Interior 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior 1. Narthex of this cathedral communicates this reality? Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams. 2. Nave 3 7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify? 3. Transept Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Stained 4. Apse 8. (Sanctuary Chartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This glass and altar) detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus life does it show? 9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is filtered through stained glass. What 172effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the cathedral? 1 Plan View 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens those who 173 had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar? 11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most 174 sacred space can be found? 175 171 DAY ONE Warm-Up A. Locate Chartres, France, on a map or on Google Earth. Let students know that you will look at one of the most famous and beautiful cathedrals ever built, located in this town about an hour s drive from Paris. B. Project all the pictures except the Plan View on Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (page 171). Give students several minutes to quietly view the photographs before you say or ask anything. Allow them to come up and stand closer to the image to examine details. Activity Put students in small groups and give each group a copy of the photographs. Have them discuss the conversation questions with each other. During this time, focus on keeping students intent on the images and the discussion questions, letting their conversations go in unexpected ways. Formative Assessment A. Circulate among the groups, listening to their discussions, keeping them on task, and offering insights or clarification where needed. B. Before moving on, have each group write one question they would ask the architects who designed Chartres Cathedral and turn it in. 128 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

LESSON PLAN DAY TWO Warm-Up Project once again the images except the Plan View from the Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage, and read aloud a few of the most interesting questions offered by the student groups the previous day. Allow students to share their reactions and other personal responses to the photographs. Activity A. Give students copies of the art, and have them skim over the questions they discussed the previous day. Then call on groups in turn to share their answers to each of the questions. B. Optional extension: Show the 3.5-minute Khan Academy video on the interior of Chartres Cathedral, found at: khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/latin-western-europe/ gothic1/v/part-2-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-chartres-c-1145-and-1194-c-1220. C. Now project the Plan View from the Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (page 174). Discuss the following questions: What do you notice about the shape of the cathedral s footprint? It looks like a cross. Why might the front part be called a nave? What is the purpose of this part of the cathedral? Think of similar words, such as navy, or navigate. The Latin word for ship is navis. How is the Church like a ship? Can you connect the Church to any important ships in the Bible? Noah s ark is a type, or prefiguring, of the Church. The Church is like Noah s ark. The ark saved Noah and his family from the destruction of sin and delivered them to a world made new; in the Church, all people are invited to become the People of God, who build His Kingdom on earth. Where do people enter a cathedral? There are doors in front and on the sides. How do we enter the Catholic Church? We enter the Church through the Sacraments, specifically through the Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist. What is a Sacrament? A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign, instituted by Christ, of an inward and invisible grace. Formative Assessment A. Read aloud from Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 774: The seven sacraments are the signs and instruments by which the Holy Spirit spreads the grace of Christ the head throughout the Church which is his Body. The Church, then, both contains and communicates the invisible grace she signifies. It is in this sense, that the Church is called a sacrament. Unit 3, lesson 1 129

Lesson Plan The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible Directions: Answer the questions below. 1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. Put this quotation in your own words: B. Using the prompts on the top half of The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible (page 176), have students reflect on St. Augustine s quotation and connect it to the activities of the last two days. 2. The Church is both visible and invisble; material and divine. The Church helps us get to heaven, and also gives us a taste of what heaven will be like. In what ways do the art and architecture of Chartres Cathedral a church represent the Church? 176 3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is? Mond Crucifixion BY RAPHAEL (1502) Mond Crucifixion Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates. Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you use? 2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire? 3. Who or what are the liveliest figures in the painting? Where are they? 4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent? 5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifixion you have seen? How is it similar? How is it different? 6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace? 7. Who are the people with Jesus? 8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing? 9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar? DAY THREE Warm-Up A. Put up an image of the painting on Mond Crucifixion (page 177). As a large group, discuss the questions on the handout. B. Now put up the Raphael painting alongside the Plan View image of Chartres Cathedral. By lining them up together in this way, the resemblance of the cathedral s layout to a cross should become clearer. 178 National Gallery, London. 177 C. Project John 19:33-35, and have a student stand and read it aloud: But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may [come to] believe. D. Explain that the Church understands this moment as the birth of the Sacraments, specifically, Baptism and the Eucharist. If needed, help students understand that the blood that poured out of Jesus side represents the Eucharist, and the water from Jesus side represents Baptism. Each angel in the Raphael painting catches Jesus precious blood in a chalice, signifying the birth of the new covenant in Christ s blood. E. Explain how cathedrals and many church buildings are built in the shape of a cross to remind us of the Crucifixion. We enter the Catholic Church through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the Sacraments were born from Christ s side. 130 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

LESSON PLAN Activity and Assessment Using the Unit 3 Copywork section in the student workbooks, have students write out and commit to memory the following Bible verses, which complement all the lessons in this unit. Give students a few minutes each day to study them and practice recitation and writing. Before completing this unit, select one or two of these verses to have students write out from memory as a quiz at the end of the unit. Students should also be able to recite all the memorized Scripture and identify the work of art in this lesson. You may wish to give extra points to students who can identify not only the title of the work but also the artist, time period, and location of the work. So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate. MATTHEW 19:6 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, Take and eat; this is my body. MATTHEW 26:26 ӹ ӹ Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. MATTHEW 28:19-20 Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained. JOHN 20:23 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the holy Spirit said, Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them. Then, completing their fasting and prayer, they laid hands on them and sent them off. ACTS 13:2-3 And when Paul laid [his] hands on them, the holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. ACTS 19:6 Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint [him] with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven. JAMES 5:14-15 Unit 3, lesson 1 131

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (EXTERIOR) Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker 171 132 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (INTERIOR) Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker 172 Unit 3, lesson 1 133

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS) Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams. 173 134 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN view) 4 2 1. Narthex 2. Nave 3. Transept 3 4. Apse (Sanctuary and altar) 1 174 Unit 3, lesson 1 135

Answer Key 1. Our Lady of Chartres 2. Chartres is in the southwest of France, in Western Europe. 3. They are built facing east as an acknowledgment that it is Christ who enlightens. 4. Accept reasoned answers. Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the photographs. Then discuss the questions below with your classmates. Exterior Conversation Questions 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example of Gothic architecture. What does Notre Dame de Chartres mean? 2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe. 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you think cathedrals are built facing east? 4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish? 5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central figure? Why do you think these entrances are called portals? 5. The figure is Jesus Interior Christ. A portal is an entrance to another world. At Stained each Holy Mass, glass Heaven and Earth meet and we glimpse Heaven. Plan View The word portal comes from the Latin for city gate or porch, and the Church is the earthly sign of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem, or the City of God described in the Book of Revelation. 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior of this cathedral communicates this reality? 7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify? 8. Chartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus life does it show? 9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is filtered through stained glass. What effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the cathedral? 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens those who had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar? 11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most sacred space can be found? 175 6. Students may say the architecture looks and inspires awe and/or feels heavenly. The altar is an especially sacred space as shown by the design of the space. 7. As a sign that Jesus is the light of the world. Candles can also signify our prayers going up to heaven. 8. The panel shows the Last Supper. 9. Accept reasoned answers. 10. It is farthest away, signifying that those in it are at the beginning of their journey to Heaven. 11. The sanctuary is the farthest away from the front doors, signifying that it is the end of the pilgrim journey of this life: Heaven. 136 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible 2. It is built in the shape of a cross Directions: Answer the questions below. to remind us of 1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. the Crucifixion. Its Put this quotation in your own words: architecture, its light, its stainedglass windows, its candlelight, and the way incense travels up to heaven like our prayers create a sacred space and 2. The Church is both visible and invisble; material and divine. The Church helps us get to heaven, and also gives us a taste of what heaven will be like. In what ways do the art and architecture of Chartres Cathedral a church represent the Church? remind us of how Heaven and earth meet at each Holy Mass. We 3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is? enter the Church through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the Sacraments were 176 born from Christ s side. It has spaces set aside to celebrate the Sacraments: the Church both contains and signifies the grace of the Sacraments. 3. The Church is a Sacrament because it is a visible sign that points to the invisible reality of Christ s Kingdom. Unit 3, lesson 1 137

Mond Crucifixion BY RAPHAEL (1502) National Gallery, London. 177 138 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. 2. Accept reasoned answers. 3. Students will likely point out the angels, who are next to Jesus. 4. Perhaps life and death, death and rebirth, beginnings and endings. Accept other reasoned answers. 5. Accept reasoned answers. Mond Crucifixion Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates. Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you use? 2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire? 3. Who or what are the liveliest figures in the painting? Where are they? 4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent? 5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifixion you have seen? How is it similar? How is it different? 6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace? 7. Who are the people with Jesus? 8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing? 9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar? 6. He appears to be at peace. 7. The Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Jerome are on Jesus right. On His left are St. Mary Magdalene and St. John. 178 8. The angels are holding chalices to catch Jesus blood. 9. The Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of Jesus sacrifice on Calvary, and this painting depicts His death on the Cross and the Sacrament of the Eucharist. The angels and saints participate in the Mass, and they are present in this painting. Unit 3, lesson 1 139

Notes 140 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

What Is a Sacrament? UNIT 3, LESSON 2 Learning Goals God is love. Jesus instituted seven Sacraments so we may share in His divine life of love. A Sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, through which divine life is dispensed to us. Connection to the Catechism of the Catholic Church CCC 1127 CCC 1128 CCC 1131 Vocabulary Efficacious Grace Sacrament Sign BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect. MATTHEW 5:48 Therefore if any one is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has passed away, behold, the new has come. All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself. 2 CORINTHIANS 5:17-18 141

Lesson Plan Materials Holy Bible Celebrations and Sacraments Sophia SketchPad Sacraments Help Us Live Like Marriage Video, available at the Lord SophiaSketchpad.org ӹ ӹ Just a Ritual? Strips What Is a Sacrament? DAY ONE Warm-Up A. Read aloud Jesus words in the Sermon on the Mount, beginning with Matthew 5:1 and concluding with Matthew 5:48: So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect. B. Challenge students: Jesus teaches us a lot of hard things in the Sermon on the Mount: be poor in spirit, be meek and merciful, turn the other cheek, love your enemy. These are hard. But this last teaching is totally impossible, right? How can it be possible that He calls us to be perfect? Isn t that a totally unrealistic expectation, in light of Original Sin? C. Allow discussion to proceed, leading students to conclusion that Jesus teaching is totally unrealistic if we count on ourselves to do it. D. Wrap up with a mini-lecture: If we rely only on ourselves to be perfect, we will surely fail. But Jesus does not leave us on our own. God is always with us and will never abandon us. We should ask the Holy Spirit to guide us every day. To allow us to receive His grace in a special way, Jesus instituted and gave to the Church special signs, called Sacraments. When we receive them, we share in His life. If we cooperate with that grace, we can become more like Him. E. Write on the board the definition of a Sacrament from the Catechism of the Catholic Church: An efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit. F. Let students know that you will be studying what this means for the next several weeks. Be sure that students understand the meaning of grace: Grace is the free and undeserved gift of God s life in us. G. Leave the definition of Sacrament on the board, as you will refer to it in the following days when making reference to the work of the Holy Spirit. Activity A. Circle the words divine life in the definition of Sacrament and transition from this phrase to the next logical question: Jesus tells us that we should be like God, and the Sacraments help us become like God. So, who is God? How does He live? Students may say that God is Jesus, or 142 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

LESSON PLAN God is the Creator, and so forth. Lead students to recall that God is Trinity one God in three Persons. Therefore, although they might not have thought of the Trinity in this way before, God is a communion of Persons: a perpetual bond of life-giving love. B. Briefly show 0:26-0:44 of the Sophia SketchPad Marriage video, found at SophiaSketchpad.org, which explains how the Blessed Trinity is an eternal exchange of life-giving love. Make your own original drawing on the board. C. Ask how this mystery of our Faith helps us understand who God is and how He lives. Accept reasoned answers, leading students to the conclusion that God is love a communion of Persons in the Trinity. The Lord lives unselfishly, for the good of others. D. Leave this drawing on the board, as you will refer to it tomorrow when making reference to God sharing His divine life with us through the Sacraments. Formative Assessment Have students draw their own representation of the Trinity as an unbreakable bond of life-giving love. DAY TWO Warm-Up Review the key points from yesterday: we are all called to be perfect as our Heavenly Father is perfect; therefore, we should live like the Lord. How does God live? He is Love. He instituted seven Sacraments so we may share in His divine life of love. Activity Have students read What Is a Sacrament? (page 186) and make an outline of the key points. Formative Assessment As a large group, discuss the focus and reflection questions. DAY THREE Warm-Up A. Review the key points from yesterday: God is love, and He has given us the seven Sacraments Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Unit 3, lesson 2 143

LESSON PLAN Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders as special ways to receive His grace, become holier, and get to Heaven. God shares His grace with us freely; He does the work of the Sacraments, and they cannot be earned. B. Cut out the Event Strips on Teacher Resource: Just a Ritual? Strips (page 152 in this guide). Give one strip to each student. Make sure to give out only the Event Strips. (You will use the Description Strips later in the activity.) C. On a large piece of butcher paper, draw a Venn diagram. Label one side Ritual and the other side Sacrament, and post the chart where all students can see it. D. If needed, define ritual: a ceremony or series of actions always performed in the same way each time. E. Call on one student to read aloud his or her event strip and decide where it should go. Discuss as needed to clarify misunderstandings. Finally, have the student walk to the diagram and tape the strip in the correct section. Note: All Sacraments should go in the middle circle; all the other events should go on the nonoverlapping part of the ritual circle. F. Once all strips have been placed, it will be visually clear that all Sacraments are rituals, but not all rituals are Sacraments. G. Discuss the reasons for many of the events. Many are to mark a special achievement (such as graduation or a medal ceremony for a winning team). The Sacraments are completely unlike these. The Sacraments are about God s life moving within us, and not about anything we do or earn. God gives us His grace freely, and not because we have done anything to deserve it. H. With those distinctions in mind, move now to the Description Strips. The following placements are correct: Ritual Only: Someone did something to earn a prize. We mark a special achievement. Sacrament Only: One of seven special signs Jesus instituted to share His divine life with us. Both/Middle Circle: This event marks a special day in someone s life. People gather together at this event. People might be happy at this event. Music plays at this event. This event is made up of certain actions done in the same order. I. Pull the activity together in a mini-lecture: Across time and place, we have special ways of marking the important moments of our lives. Many of these are listed on the various strips placed on the diagram. Jesus elevated seven important 144 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

LESSON PLAN passages to the level of Sacraments. Although Jesus is not with us in the exact same way He was with the Apostles, He is still with us. He is acting in the world and in our lives. He entrusted the Sacraments to the Church the visible sign of His Kingdom on earth. When He tells us to be perfect, He knows we need to depend on Him to do it. J. Go back to the definition of Sacrament on the board and circle Through the work of the Holy Spirit. K. Point out the drawing of the Trinity from Day 1, and remind students that the Trinity is an unbreakable bond of life-giving love. The exchange of love between the Father and the Son is the Holy Spirit, and it is through the Holy Spirit that God makes us His children and shares His life with us in the Sacraments. L. Let students know that throughout this unit, you will explore all the Sacraments. As a backdrop to learning the history, form, matter, and effects of each Sacrament, you will always turn back to the questions: How does this Sacrament show God s life-giving love? How does receiving this Sacrament help me become more like my Heavenly Father? Activity and Assessment A. Ask students to write a summary paragraph on Celebrations and Sacraments (page 189) explaining the difference between ordinary rituals or celebrations and Sacraments and hand it in before class ends. Statements should reflect an understanding that Sacraments are special signs in which we receive God s grace, and that we receive, rather than earn them. B. Have students complete Sacraments Help Us Live Like the Lord (page 190) as a preassessment for the rest of the unit. Unit 3, lesson 2 145

146 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Answer Key 1. Love is more than what God does; it is who He is. 2. God is a communion of Persons, or an eternal exchange of love. 3. A special sign Jesus gave us to share in His divine life. 4. So He could be with us here on earth. 5. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. 6. They are efficacious signs of grace a real encounter with God in which He shares His divine life with us. Unit 3, lesson 2 147

Accept reasoned answers 148 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Answer Key Statements should reflect an understanding that Sacraments are much more than ordinary celebrations. They are encounters with God s grace. They are special signs Christ instituted in which we receive God s grace, and we receive rather than earn them. Unit 3, lesson 2 149

Accept reasoned answers 150 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Accept reasoned answers Unit 3, lesson 2 151

TEACHER RESOURCE Just a Ritual? Strips Event Strips A Christian man and woman get married. A priest anoints a very sick person with holy oil. A boy confesses his sins to a priest and receives absolution. A girl receives Holy Communion. A young man is ordained a priest. A baby is baptized. A girl is confirmed. A judge sets an innocent prisoner free. A boy receives his diploma at graduation. An athlete receives an Olympic medal 152 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

A famous athlete lights the Olympic torch at the opening ceremony. A great actor receives an Academy Award. A great singer wins a Grammy Award. A brave soldier receives a medal in a special ceremony. A family eats Thanksgiving dinner together. Description Strips This event is made up of certain actions done in the same order. Music plays at this event. People gather together at this event. This event is one of seven special signs Jesus instituted to share His divine life with us. People are happy at this event. Unit 3, lesson 2 153

This event marks a special day in someone s life. We mark a special achievement at this event. Someone did something to earn a prize at this event. 154 SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS

Grade 7 Student Workbook Sample Pages Unit 3, Lessons 1 and 2 plus Scripture Copywork

UNIT 3 The Sacraments Sacrament is a sign of God s grace A that brings about the grace it signifies. The Sacraments of the Church are at once visible and invisible. Jesus established the seven Sacraments of the Church during His earthly life: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Holy Matrimony. These seven signs of grace each consist of two parts necessary for validity: matter and form. The matter consists of water, bread, wine, oil, hands, speech, or other material elements involved in giving grace. The form consists of words or actions that express the circumstances of that giving and celebrate them as a priestly community of ministers. The Sacraments can be arranged into three categories: the Sacraments of Initiation, the Sacraments of Healing, and the Sacraments at the Service of Communion. The Sacraments of Initiation are Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Eucharist. Together, they make us full members of the Church, pour out the Holy Spirit within our souls, and nourish us for Christian life. They give to us a particular missionary task, to make disciples of all the nations, and strengthen us for this work. The Eucharist, in a special way, is the source and summit of our Christian faith. In this Sacrament, the Lord Himself is really present to us, Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. By receiving the Eucharist, we participate in Christ s saving sacrifice and evangelizing mission. The Sacraments of Healing are Penance and Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick. By these Sacraments, we are healed of sin and our relationship to God and His Church is restored. Anointing of the Sick, in a special way, can heal the body of illness and suffering, or, if it is not God s will, prepare the person for their final journey in life, passing from this life to the next. These Sacraments help to unite our suffering with the redemptive suffering of Christ on the Cross. The Sacraments at the Service of Communion are Holy Orders and Holy Matrimony. Through these Sacraments, Jesus makes us his associates in special missions to give our lives for the salvation of others. In Holy Orders, men are ordained to the priesthood or deaconate to serve the Church and care for the People of God. In Holy Matrimony, one man and one woman are united in marriage to love and serve God, each other, and their children. 166 Unit 3 Overview

In this unit, you will learn about The nature of the Sacraments The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Baptism The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Confirmation The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Eucharist The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Orders Are there any questions you still have about the topics you learned last month? What steps can you take to find out the answers? Write them on the lines below. What questions do you have right now about the topics you will be learning about in this unit? Write them on the lines below. Unit 3 Overview 167

Unit 3 Vocabulary Anointing: Rubbing or marking with oil. Holy oil is spread on our foreheads in Baptism and Confirmation, and again in the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. Baptism of Desire: A Catechumen, or a person who is preparing to be baptized, who dies before receiving Baptism is assured salvation through her desire for Baptism, repentance for sin, and charity. Body of Christ: The People of God make up the Body of Christ. A body has many parts, just like the People of God is made up of different people with different gifts and talents. Though we are all different, as the Body of Christ we are one body with Christ as our head. Also refers to the consecrated Communion host we receive in the Eucharist, which is the true Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ. Catechumen: A person who is preparing to receive the Sacrament of Baptism and become members of the Catholic Church by receiving training in Christian teaching and practice. Commemorate: To celebrate the memory of something. The Sacraments commemorate Christ s Passion. Conversion: Turning away from sin and returning to God. It is the first step in the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation. We recognize all that we have done to hurt our heavenly Father and are truly sorry for our actions to hurt our heavenly Father, are truly sorry for our sins, and resolve not to sin again. The examination of conscience can aid us in recognizing our faults. Divine Physician: A title for Jesus that describes how He came to call sinners, not the righteous. This is similar to the way a physician or doctor treats those who are sick, not those who are healthy. Efficacious: Effective, or possessing the ability to cause an effect. The Sacraments cause the grace of God, of which they are also signs. Gifts of the Holy Spirit: Wisdom, knowledge, understanding, counsel, fortitude, piety, and fear of the Lord. The anointing in Confirmation is a sign of receiving these gifts. Grace: The free and undeserved gift of God s life within us. The Sacraments are efficacious signs of God s grace. 168 Unit 3 Overview

In Persona Christi Capitis: In the Person of Christ the Head. When an ordained priest performs his priestly function for example, when consecrating the Eucharist he is no longer working as himself, but rather, in the person of Christ the Head. When we say the Head, we mean the Head of the Church. It is not the priest who transforms the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, but rather, Jesus Himself, working in and through the priest. Indelible Mark: A permanent, un-removable spiritual seal or mark placed on our souls by God in the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation, and upon those who receive the Sacrament of Holy Orders, that set us apart as belonging to God. The baptismal seal allows us to participate in the Mass, and use the Gifts of the Holy Spirit to live lives of holiness. The seal of Confirmation strengthens us to be witnesses of the Gospel in the battle between good and evil waged all around us. Indissoluble: Incapable of being undone or broken; permanent. Because it is a total gift of self, the bond of marriage is unbreakable and permanent. Inheritance: Gifts a person receives from someone in the family who has died, or traits received from one s parents. By our Baptism, we have an inheritance with Christ, which means that as adopted children of God, we receive gifts from Him and that we will be like Him. Lamb of God: A title given to Jesus that describes His sacrifice to free us from sin. Just like the sacrifice of the Passover lamb freed the Israelites from slavery, Jesus s sacrifice frees us from death and sin in a new Passover. Ministerial Priesthood: The ordained priesthood who share in the priesthood of Christ by acting in persona Christi capitas, that is, in the person of Christ, the head. These men do not preach, sanctify, and govern by the own authority, but rather, by the authority given them by Christ, the head of the Church, to act in His person. Mortal sin: Serious sin that we choose to commit even though we know it is wrong. Mortal sin separates us from God and completely rejects His love for us. Original Sin: The first sin of Adam and Eve that brought pain, suffering, and death into the world. Because we are all descendants of Adam and Eve we are all born with Original Sin in our souls. We need to be baptized to remove the stain of Original Sin. The effects of Original Sin remain, however. For example, we tend to sin, we suffer, and die. Passover: The central event of the Exodus. The final plague God sent upon Egypt was the plague of the death of the first born of every family in Egypt. By sacrificing a lamb, spreading its blood on their doorposts, and eating its roasted flesh in a sacred meal of bread and wine, the Israelite homes would be passed over by the plague of death. God also commanded that the Israelites remember this original Passover event every year with a memorial meal. The original Passover foreshadows Christ s own sacrifice on the Cross. Unit 3 Overview 169

Primordial: Existing from the very beginning. Marriage is called the primordial sacrament because, though it was not a Sacrament until the age of the Church, marriage between one man and one woman has existed from the very beginning of human existence. Redemptive: Acting to save or free someone. Christ s Suffering and Death on the Cross saved us from sin and freed us from death. Sacrament: A sign of God s grace that gives the grace that it signifies. Jesus founded seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Holy Matrimony. Venial sin: Less serious sin that hurts our relationship with God, but does not destroy it. Witness: Someone who sees something happen and tells others about what he saw. We are called to be witnesses of Christ to the world. 170 Unit 3 Overview

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (EXTERIOR) Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Unit 3, Lesson 1 171

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage ( I NT ER I O R ) Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker 172 U nit 3, Le s s on 1

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS) Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams. Unit 3, Lesson 1 173

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN VIEW) 4 2 1. Narthex 2. Nave 3. Transept 3 4. Apse (Sanctuary and altar) 1 174 Unit 3, Lesson 1

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the photographs. Then discuss the questions below with your classmates. Conversation Questions 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example of Gothic architecture. What does Notre Dame de Chartres mean? 2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe. Exterior 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you think cathedrals are built facing east? 4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish? 5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central figure? Why do you think these entrances are called portals? Interior 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior of this cathedral communicates this reality? 7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify? Stained glass 8. Chartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus life does it show? 9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is filtered through stained glass. What effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the cathedral? Plan View 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens those who had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar? 11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most sacred space can be found? Unit 3, Lesson 1 175

The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible Directions: Answer the questions below. 1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. Put this quotation in your own words: 2. The Church is both visible and invisble; material and divine. The Church helps us get to heaven, and also gives us a taste of what heaven will be like. In what ways do the art and architecture of Chartres Cathedral a church represent the Church? 3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is? 176 Unit 3, Lesson 1

Mond Crucifixion BY RAPHAEL (1502) National Gallery, London. Unit 3, Lesson 1 177

Mond Crucifixion Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates. Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you use? 2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire? 3. Who or what are the liveliest figures in the painting? Where are they? 4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent? 5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifixion you have seen? How is it similar? How is it different? 6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace? 7. Who are the people with Jesus? 8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing? 9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar? 178 Unit 3, Lesson 1

Matthew 19:6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate. Unit 3 Copywork 179

Matthew 26:26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, Take and eat; this is my body. 180 Unit 3 Copywork

Matthew 28:19-20 Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. Unit 3 Copywork 181

John 20:23 Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained. 182 Unit 3 Copywork

Acts 13:2-3 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the holy Spirit said, Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them. Then, completing their fasting and prayer, they laid hands on them and sent them off. Unit 3 Copywork 183

Acts 19:6 And when Paul laid [his] hands on them, the holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. 184 Unit 3 Copywork

James 5:14-15 Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint [him] with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven. Unit 3 Copywork 185

What Is a Sacrament? Directions: Read the essay below, and on your own paper, make an outline of the key points. Then answer the questions that follow. You may have heard the expression God is love. Examine that sentence carefully, and you will see that love is not something that God does; love is what God is. He is the Blessed Trinity: one God in three Persons. This means that God is a communion of Persons an unbreakable bond of live-giving love. Jesus is God the Son, and His whole mission is one of love. When you love someone, you want what is good for him or her. The best thing for everyone is to live a holy life and to get to Heaven. Jesus lived, died, and was resurrected to open Heaven to us so we could be with God there. When Jesus was on earth, He spent time with many people. He showed them love in many ways, sometimes just by talking with them. He also shared meals with them, touched them, and healed them. Jesus is not here on Earth with us in the same way he was in the time of the Apostles, but He is still here. He is with you, and will never abandon you. And He has given you seven very special ways you can share in His life of love. These are called the Sacraments. What Are the Seven Sacraments? Jesus Christ instituted seven Sacraments. He entrusted them to the Church to administer them to His people throughout the ages after He ascended into Heaven. God s grace is necessary for us to get to Heaven and to become holier. We cannot do either of those things by ourselves. Therefore, it is necessary for us to receive the Sacraments in order to receive God s grace. The water of Baptism makes us sons and daughters of God. The Holy Spirit is strengthened within us in Confirmation. We receive the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ under the appearance of bread and wine in the Eucharist. Our sins against God and His Church are forgiven in Penance and Reconciliation. The sick are blessed in Anointing of the Sick. A man and woman become united in love and open themselves to the gift of life in Matrimony. Called men are ordained priests, servants of God s love, in Holy Orders. These are the Sacraments of the Church. Even in this short explanation, it is easy to see how the grace of God is revealed in these signs and symbols. The Sacraments Do What They Say They Do But the Sacraments are much more than signs and symbols. The Sacraments do what they say they do. For example, Baptism isn t just a symbolic cleansing of sin; it is an actual cleansing of the stain of Original Sin that makes you a child of God and leaves an indelible mark on your soul. We encounter 186 Unit 3, Lesson 2

Jesus in a real and special way in all the Sacraments. This effectiveness is what we mean we say the Sacraments are efficacious signs of grace. That grace is a sign of God s love, which He gives you freely, and not because you ve done anything to earn or deserve it. Remember, love is not just something that God does; it is what He is. Through the work of the Holy Spirit and His ministers in the Church, Jesus shares meals with you, touches you, heals you, and shares His divine life with you in the Sacraments. The Catechism explains, As fire transforms into itself everything it touches, so the Holy Spirit transforms into the divine life whatever is subjected to his power (CCC 1127). The grace you receive in the Sacraments transforms you and, with your cooperation, helps you be like your Heavenly Father and be with Him in Heaven. 1. What does it mean to say God is love? 2. What does the Blessed Trinity teach us about who God is? 3. What is a Sacrament? 4. Why did Jesus institute the Sacraments? 5. What are the Seven Sacraments? 6. How are the Sacraments different from other signs and symbols? Unit 3, Lesson 2 187

7. The Catechism explains, Celebrated worthily in faith, the sacraments confer the grace that they signify. They are efficacious because in them Christ himself is at work: it is he who baptizes, he who acts in his sacraments in order to communicate the grace that each sacrament signifies. (1127) How would you put this statement into your own words? Reflection Question Our culture places a high priority on rewarding hard work. Working hard in school help you achieve good grades. Working hard at soccer practice helps you play better. Working hard at a job might earn you a higher salary. Can you earn or achieve any of the Sacraments? Why or why not? 188 Unit 3, Lesson 2

Celebrations and Sacraments Directions: Write a summary paragraph explaining the difference between ordinary rituals or celebrations and Sacraments. Great God by Leonardo Alenza Unit 3, Lesson 2 189