Nationalism in the Vernacular HINDI, URDU, AND THE LITERATURE OF INDIAN FREEDOM An Anthology edited by SHOBNA NIJHAWAN with Introductions by VASUDHA DALMIA AND CHRISTOPHER SHACKLE permanent black
Contents Preface and Acknowledgements xiii 1 INTRODUCTION: URDU, NATION, AND COMMUNITY Vasudha Dalmia 33 INTRODUCTION: HINDI, NATION, AND COMMUNITY Part I: Geography, History, and Mythology 65 1 Altaf Husain "Hali" (1837-1914) 67 THE FLOW AND EBB OF ISLAM 2 Shahab al-din Ahmad "Saqib" (fl 1857-1863) and 88 Hakim Muhammad "AhsarT (fl. 1857-1863) THE LAMENT FOR DELHI Pasha Mohamad Khan 3 Shridhar Pathak (1860-1928) 93 THE BEAUTY OF KASHMIR Valerie Ritter 4 Brij Mohan Dattatreya "Kaifi" (1866-1955) 101 A MIRROR FOR INDIA
vi CONTENTS 5 Prempyari Devi (late nineteenth century) 112 THE STORY OF THE GLOBE Translated from the Hindi by Geeta Patel and introduced by Shobna Nijhawan 6 Shiv (late nineteenth century) 117 ABOUT THE NATION AND BHARAT'S YOUNG WARRIORS Translated from the Hindi by Geeta Patel and introduced by Shobna Nijhawan 7 Muhammad Iqbal (1879-1938) 121 HIMALAYA; THE ANTHEM OF INDIA; AND THE ANTHEM OF THE COMMUNITY 8 Premchand (1880-1936) 128 THE WORLD'S MOST PRECIOUS OBJECT Allison Busch 9 Maithilisharan Gupta (1886-1964) 139 THE SLAYING OF JAYADRATH Pamela Lothspeich 10 Vrindavanlal Varma (1889-1966) 152 RANI LAKSHMI BAI Harleen Singh Part II: Confronting the Colonial State 165 11 Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850-1885) 167 THE TANGLES OF PANCH Vasudha Dalmia
CONTENTS Vil 12 Shibli Nomani (1857-1914) 171 You ARE NOT OPPRESSORS, BY ANY MEANS, BUT STILL WE ARE OPPRESSED; RELIGION OR POLITICS; AND MUSLIM LEAGUE A. Sean Pue 13 Balmukund Gupta (1865-1907) 178 SHIVSHAMBHU'S LETTERS TO LORD CURZON Translated from the Hindi by Jason Grunebaum and Ulrike Stark and introduced by Ulrike Stark 14 Brij Narain "Chakbast" (1882-1926) 192 A SPAT WITH LORD CURZON Mehr Farooqi 15 Josh Malihabadi (1896-1982) 197 ADDRESS TO THE SONS OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 16 Ganga Prasad Shrivastav (1890-1962) 204 THE LAWYER'S ARGUMENT Rahul Bjorn Parson 17 Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) 224 THE PROGRESSIVE GRAVEYARD Pasha Mohamad Khan Part HI: Confined Spaces 233 18 "Munir" Shikohabadi (1819-1881) 235 ON HIS IMPRISONMENT
vill CONTENTS 19 Shivrani Devi (d. 1976) 241 IN PREMCHAND'S HOME Preetha Mani 20 Sacchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan "Ajneya" 254 (1911-1987) SHEKHAR: A LIFE Translated from the Hindi by Vasudha Paramasivan and introduced by Nikhil Govind Part IV: Political Nationalism 267 21 "Akbar" Ilahabadi (1846-1921) 269 SATIRICAL VERSES AND EXCERPTS FROM "DIALOGUE BETWEEN NEW AND OLD WAYS" Mehr Farooqi 22 Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850-1885) 272 THE SAD STATE OF INDIA Francesca Orsini 23 Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850-1885) 279 LEVEE LACKS LEVITY Translated from the Hindi by Rupert Snell and introduced by Vasudha Dalmia 24 Thakur Jagmohan Singh (1857-1899) 283 THE PLAY OF THE HOOKAH-SMOKER: A FARCE IN FOUR ACTS Robert van de Walle
CONTENTS IX 25 Zafar Ali Khan (1873-1956) 293 INDIA; TOMMY RAJ; THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH; MARTIAL LAW; FATE'S DECREE; THE TALE OF AURANGZEB'S BURNING OF SACRED THREADS; THE LIGHTNING OF ISLAM AND THE THRESHING FLOOR OF SHUDDHI; AND URDU 26 Sahajanand Saraswati (1889-1950) 301 THE PEASANTS OF GAYA AND OUR 1933 WITH GOVERNMENT CONFRONTATION Translated from the Hindi by Walter Hauser and Kailash Chandra Jha and introduced by Walter Hauser 27 Chaudhuri Abdul Ghani (1890-1932) 312 NATIONAL GATHERINGS: OUR ORGANIZATIONS Justin Jones Part V: Linguistic Nationalism 329 28 Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850-1885) 331 A DISCOURSE ON THE PROGRESS OF HINDI Vasudha Dalmia 29 Ganeshbihari Mishra (1873-19??), 342 Shyambihari Mishra (187?-1947), Shukdevbihari Mishra (1879-1951) AN EARLY MOMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HINDI LITERARY HISTORY Allison Busch
X CONTENTS 30 Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi (1864-1938) 350 THE PRESENT STATE OF HINDI Sujata Mody 31 Badrinath Bhatt (1891-1934) 371 EXPOSED Avinash Kumar Part VI: About Women 375 32 Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) 377 LESSONS FROM LONDON 33 Ayodhyasinh Upadhyay "Hariaudh" (1865-1947) 385 ABSENCE OF THE BELOVED Valerie Ritter 34 Balaji (late nineteenth century) 390 SUITABLE LITERATURE FOR WOMEN IN HINDI Shobna Nijhawan 35 Shiv Sharma (late nineteenth century) 397 INSTRUCTIONS FOR WOMEN Charu Gupta 36 Ramrakh Singh Sahgal (1896-1952) 406 WOMEN'S SOCIETY AND SEVA-DHARMA Translated from the Hindi by Balraj Persaud and introduced by Shobna Nijhawan
CONTENTS XI 37 Chaturbhuj Ji Divaniya (late nineteenth century) 413 SUSHILA Translated from the Hindi by Sneha Desai and introduced by Shobna Nijhawan 38 Jainendra Kumar (1905-1988) 421 SUNITA Sophie Hartman Part VII: Untouchability 439 39 Ramchandra Shukla (late nineteenth century) 441 THE UNTOUCHABLE'S LAMENT Toral Gajarawala 40 Achhutanand (1879-1933) 445 THE JUSTICE OF RAM-RAJYA Sarah Beth 41 Suryakant Tripathi "Nirala' (1896-1961) 463 CHATURI» THE SHOEMAKER Scott Schlossberg Part VIII: Nationalism Nightmares and Visions 479 42 Hasan Nizami (1878-1955) 481 HASAN NIZAMI'S JOURNEY AROUND THE WORLD IN THE YEAR 2050 Zain Shirazi
Xll CONTENTS 43 Premchand (1880-1936) 494 GODAAN THE GIFT OF A COW Translated from the Hindi by Gordon C. Roadarmel and introduced by Vasudha Dalmia 44 Sa'adat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) 508 THE URINAL Richard Delacy Notes on Contributors 512